Human-induced geological hazards along the Dead Sea coast     

D. Closson  N. Abou Karaki 《Environmental Geology》2009,58(2):371-380

The Dead Sea is a terminal lake whose level is currently dropping at a rate of about 1 m per year due to the over exploitation of all its tributaries. The lowering started about four decades ago but geological hazards appeared more and more frequently from the end of the 1980s. The water level lowering is matched by a parallel groundwater level drop, which results in an increasing intensity of underground and surface water flow. The diagonal interface between the Dead Sea brine and the fresh groundwater is pushed downwards and seawards. Nowadays, sinkholes, subsidence, landslides and reactivated salt-karsts affect wide coastal segments. Until now, mainly infrastructures were damaged and few people/animals were injured, but the ongoing development of tourism in this very attractive situation will increase the risk if precautionary measures are not included in the development plans. This paper discusses the main observations made all around the Dead Sea and shed a light on the differences between the geological hazards of the western shore (Israel, Palestinian Authority) and the eastern shore (Jordan). It is the first attempt to bring together an overview of the human-induced geological hazards encountered along the Dead Sea coast.  相似文献   

Positive and negative impacts of longwall mine subsidence on a sandstone aquifer   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

C. J. Booth  E. D. Spande  C. T. Pattee  J. D. Miller  L. P. Bertsch 《Environmental Geology》1998,34(2-3):223-233

 Subsidence due to longwall underground coal mining changes the hydraulic properties, heads, yields, and in some cases the groundwater chemistry of overlying bedrock aquifers. A 7-year study of a sandstone aquifer overlying an active longwall mine in Illinois has supported a comprehensive model of these impacts. Subsidence caused increases in permeability and storativity over the longwall panel. These changes initially caused a major decline in water levels in the sandstone, but the aquifer recovered slightly within a few months and fully within several years after mining. The enhanced hydraulic properties combined with potentiometric recovery resulted in a zone of greater well yield. However, at sites with very poor transmissivity and inadequate recharge pathways, recovery may not occur. Also, at the study site, the physical enhancement was accompanied by a deterioration in groundwater quality from slightly brackish, sodium bicarbonate water to more brackish water with increased sulfate levels. Received: 17 March 1997 · Accepted: 9 September 1997  相似文献   

Maturity modelling integrated with apatite fission-track dating: Implications for the thermal history of the Mid-Polish Trough (Poland)     

M. Resak  U.A. Glasmacher  M. Narkiewicz  R. Littke 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010

The Mid-Polish Trough (MPT) is situated in the easternmost part of the Central European Basin System (CEBS) and stretches NW–SE across the Polish Basin. It was characterised by pronounced subsidence and thick sediment accumulation between the Permian and the Late Cretaceous. Late Cretaceous–early Paleogene basin inversion led to the formation of the Mid-Polish Swell (MPS). The study area is located within the Pomeranian segment of the MPT/MPS (NW Poland) and experienced up to 7 km Permian-Mesozoic subsidence. PetroMod 1-D modelling was performed on several well-sections in order to study Permian to recent burial-uplift evolution. The modelling was calibrated with new vitrinite reflectance (VR_r) data and allowed to constrain the magnitude of uplift and related erosion as well as provided a first overview of the temperature history. The base of the studied Permian–Mesozoic successions attained maximum burial depths of 4800–5400 m before the onset of the inversion, less than in the axial trough area. The thickness of pre- and most probably also syn-inversion Upper Cretaceous deposits is estimated as 300 m. Erosion associated with inversion processes removed between 900 and 1400 m of the Mesozoic sediments, i.e. 1000–1500 m less than in the most inverted central part of the trough. VR_r data suggest constant Permian–Mesozoic heat flows corresponding to present-day values (40–45 mW/m²). Apatite fission-track (AFT) ages modelled with the PetroMod module PetroTracks show a good fit with AFT ages directly measured on well samples, and further support the assumption of steady heat flow in the range 40–45 mW/m². Palaeotemperatures appear to have decreased towards the East European Craton margin, which is compatible with the present day distribution of heat flow. Thermal history modelling shows a relatively simple Permian–Mesozoic heat flow pattern in the Pomeranian segment of the MPT. Such a scenario implies that the present-day heat flow distribution has not changed essentially since Mesozoic times.  相似文献   

静压注浆法在既有构筑物地基加固中的应用     

陈松  张树胜 《山东地质》2010,(4):25-27,30

通过对中石油天津分公司塘沽油库4#储油罐工程沉降超限原因的分析,找出了引起桩基础沉降的主要原因,从而采用静压注浆的地基处理方法,有效地改善桩间土的水理性质,提高了桩间土摩擦阻力,地基的加固缓解和消除了既有构筑物的沉降问题。  相似文献   

城市地下水位变化与地面沉降关系的监测与分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

姜晨光  姜平  蔡伟  崔专 《地下水》2003,25(3):133-135,159

根据多年城市地表沉降及城市地下水位监测资料，系统地分析了地下水位变化与城市地表沉降的关系，给出了城市地表沉降的数学模型。  相似文献   

Mexico City subsidence observed with persistent scatterer InSAR     

Batuhan Osmanoğlu  Timothy H. Dixon  Shimon Wdowinski  Enrique Cabral-Cano  Yan Jiang 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011

We analyzed 23 satellite SAR (synthetic aperture radar) scenes using Persistent Scatter Interferometry (PSI) to study subsidence in Mexico City associated with groundwater withdrawal. The data were acquired by the Envisat ASAR system between January 2004 and July 2006. The spatial pattern of subsidence and the maximum subsidence rate (300 mm/year) are similar to earlier studies. Comparison to independent GPS data indicates RMS agreement between the two techniques of 6.9 mm/year, about the level expected based on joint data uncertainty. Significant annual variation in the GPS vertical data is not observed, suggesting minimal aquifer recharge during the rainy season, and justifying a simple linear model of phase variation through time for the PSI analysis.  相似文献   

青藏高原中部新生代伦坡拉盆地沉降史分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

马鹏飞  王立成  冉波 《岩石学报》2013,29(3):990-1002

新生代伦坡拉盆地位于青藏高原中部,拉萨地体与羌塘地体间班公湖-怒江缝合带之上.伦坡拉盆地及缝合带上其他陆相盆地的形成反映了班怒带缝合之后的再活化过程.盆地内部主要沉积了始新世-中新世牛堡组与丁青湖组两套地层,虽然后期的风化剥蚀和地表第四纪覆盖对获取野外露头资料造成了一定影响,但20世纪50年代以来大规模的钻井勘探为研究区域大地构造和沉积盆地演化提供了重要依据.为重建伦坡拉盆地的沉降史,本文对盆地中11条钻井剖面和1条实测剖面进行了回剥分析.沉降曲线显示盆地经历了两个明显不同的沉降阶段和一个缓慢抬升阶段.初始的快速沉降开始于始新世,在区域伸展作用下上地壳破裂形成半地堑型盆地,并开始在滨浅湖环境中沉积牛堡组地层.这一过程中伴有左行走滑.渐新世早期,受构造活动之后热量传导的影响,前期快速沉降被缓慢热沉降取代,沉降中心向北东方向迁移,并在半深湖-深湖环境下沉积丁青湖组地层.与此同时印度板块不断向北俯冲,在挤压作用下热沉降逐渐减弱并提前结束.中新世波尔多阶基底开始构造抬升,盆地不断发生挤压变形,并最终形成了现今的构造格局.  相似文献   

Evaluation of polarimetric capabilities of dual polarized Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X data to improve the PSInSAR algorithm using amplitude dispersion index optimization     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

Polarimetric data is an additional source of information in PSI technique to improve its performance in land subsidence estimation. The combination of polarimetric data and radar interferometry can lead to an increase in coherence and the number of PS pixels. In this paper, we evaluated and compared the dual polarized Sentinel-1A (S1A) and TerraSAR-X (TSX) data to improve the PSInSAR algorithm. The improvement of this research is based on minimizing Amplitude Dispersion Index (ADI) by finding the optimum scattering mechanism to increase the number of PSC and PS pixels. The proposed method was tested using a dataset of 40 dual-pol SAR data (VV/VH) acquired by S1A and 20 dual-pol SAR data (HH/VV) acquired by TSX. The results revealed that using the TSX data, the number of PS pixels increased about 3 times in ESPO method than using the conventional channels, e.g., HH, and VV. This increase in S1A data was about 1.7 times in ESPO method. In addition, we investigated the efficiency of the three polarimetric optimization methods i.e. ESPO, BGSM, and Best for the dual polarized S1A and TSX data. Results showed that the PS density increased about 1.9 times in BGSM and about 1.5 times in Best method in TSX data. However, in S1A data, PS density increased about 1.1 times in BGSM. The Best method was not successful in increasing the PS density using the S1A data. Also, the effectiveness of the method was evaluated in urban and non-urban regions. The experimental results showed that the method was successful in significantly increasing the number of final PS pixels in both regions.  相似文献   

甘肃省地热资源分布特征、开发现状与前景   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

安永康  孙知新  李百祥 《甘肃地质》2005,14(2):70-75

甘肃省地热资源分布可分为隆起断裂型和沉降盆地型两类,隆起断裂型分布在北山、祁连山、西秦岭3条造山带。沉降盆地型分布在安西—敦煌盆地、河西走廊盆地群、陇中盆地群(祁连东段)和陇东盆地,祁连东段是甘肃省地热资源目前有利开发地段。  相似文献   

全新世以来台湾西南部古环境演变     

董德辉  邓国雄  刘明周 《亚热带资源与环境学报》2012,7(4):1-9

台湾位于欧亚大陆板块与菲律宾海洋板块的交会处,地体构造较为活跃．同时,受到古气候冰期与间冰期交互作用的影响,造成海平面上下变动,使得古环境产生变化．本研究利用钻孔岩心做地层分析、环境分析及岩心碳同位素定年等资料,了解台湾西南部地壳的活动性、环境演化与各时期海平面变动的历史．海岸线的变动,除了受到海平面变动的影响,亦受到构造沉降活动的控制．综合地壳升降以及海平面升降的数据,推估全新世6200 a BP、3100 a BP和l800 a BP3个海进时期当时的海岸线位置,分别为现今高程20m、10m及6m的位置,这些海平面的变化导致海岸线的迁移,同时影响着先民聚落遗址的变化．并且,利用前述数据推估得出嘉南平原与浊水溪冲积扇的沉积速率大约在3．9～4．5mm／a之间．  相似文献