Geomorphological hierarchies for complex mega-dunes and their implications for mega-dune evolution in the Badain Jaran Desert   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Zhibao Dong  Guangqiang Qian  Wanyin Luo  Zhengcai Zhang  Shengchun Xiao  Aiguo Zhao 《Geomorphology》2009,106(3-4):180-185

The evolution of mega-dunes is sometimes attributed to factors other than the wind but evidence for this is lacking. It is assumed that the dominance of wind in maintaining the evolution of mega-dunes should be characterized by regular height–spacing relationships that have been found for simple dunes or wind ripples which are dominantly formed by the wind. In this context, we studied the height–spacing relationship for the complex reversing mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert, which features the tallest mega-dunes in the world. The complex mega-dunes were divided into three hierarchical orders according to the cumulative probability plots of dune height and spacing measurements, and the coefficients of variability of dune heights and spacings were in accordance with values reported for other deserts. The relationship between dune spacing and height for all the three orders of dunes could be expressed reasonably well by a uniform linear function that was also applied to the height–wavelength relationship for wind ripples in other deserts. This relationship was found to be similar to those for several other deserts and subaqueous bedforms. This implies that there should be few unique factors in maintaining the evolution of complex mega-dunes in the Badain Jaran Desert compared with the superimposed simple dunes and dunes in other deserts, dune fields and subaqueous bedforms, and that the tallest mega-dunes on the earth can be maintained by the wind.  相似文献   

含不同随机缺陷数目岩样的破坏过程、前兆及全部变形特征          下载免费PDF全文

王学滨  吴迪  赵福成  潘一山 《地球物理学进展》2009,24(5):1874-1881

利用拉格朗日元法模拟了平面应变单轴压缩条件下具有初始随机材料缺陷的岩石试样的破坏过程、前兆和宏观力学响应.利用若干FISH函数于岩样内部规定初始缺陷并计算全部变形特征.比密实岩石弱的缺陷在破坏之后经历理想塑性行为.密实岩石在破坏之后先是经历线性应变软化行为,然后是理想塑性行为.随着缺陷数目的增加,剪切带间距缩小;岩样的强度下降.在应变软化阶段,最大不平衡力的明显的突增是由于被剪切带切割的试样块体发生了沿剪切带方向的运动.试样内部的缺陷数目越少,应变软化阶段最大不平衡力的峰值越高.无论从单元破坏角度,还是从侧向应变-轴向应变曲线、体积应变-轴向应变曲线、计算得到的泊松比-轴向应变曲线角度,都得到了相同的结论（即,缺陷越多,破坏前兆越明显）.采用两条倾斜的扫描线对岩样最终的破坏形态进行了扫描,发现当扫描线间距等于半个至1个单元长度时,初始随机缺陷位置与岩样最终破坏形态具有很好的相关性.  相似文献   

Controls on valley spacing in landscapes subject to rapid base‐level fall          下载免费PDF全文

Luke A. McGuire  Jon D. Pelletier 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(4):460-472

What controls the architecture of drainage networks is a fundamental question in geomorphology. Recent work has elucidated the mechanisms of drainage network development in steadily uplifting landscapes, but the controls on drainage‐network morphology in transient landscapes are relatively unknown. In this paper we exploit natural experiments in drainage network development in incised Plio‐Quaternary alluvial fan surfaces in order to understand and quantify drainage network development in highly transient landscapes, i.e. initially unincised low‐relief surfaces that experience a pulse of rapid base‐level drop followed by relative base‐level stasis. Parallel drainage networks formed on incised alluvial‐fan surfaces tend to have a drainage spacing that is approximately proportional to the magnitude of the base‐level drop. Numerical experiments suggest that this observed relationship between the magnitude of base‐level drop and mean drainage spacing is the result of feedbacks among the depth of valley incision, mass wasting and nonlinear increases in the rate of colluvial sediment transport with slope gradient on steep valley side slopes that lead to increasingly wide valleys in cases of larger base‐level drop. We identify a threshold magnitude of base‐level drop above which side slopes lengthen sufficiently to promote increases in contributing area and fluvial incision rates that lead to branching and encourage drainage networks to transition from systems of first‐order valleys to systems of higher‐order, branching valleys. The headward growth of these branching tributaries prevents the development of adjacent, ephemeral drainages and promotes a higher mean valley spacing relative to cases in which tributaries do not form. Model results offer additional insights into the response of initially unincised landscapes to rapid base‐level drop and provide a preliminary basis for understanding how varying amounts of base‐level change influence valley network morphology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Relating equal smectite content and basal spacing to the residual friction angle of soils     

Abidin Kaya   《Engineering Geology》2009,108(3-4):252-258

The residual shear strength of soils is increasingly becoming an active research area, as landslides occur almost daily all over the world. Since Skempton published his landmark paper in 1964, several researchers proposed correlations between soil index properties and residual friction angle of soils for preliminary estimates. However, recent data gathered from Japanese colluvium soils indicate that previously proposed charts correlating soil index properties with residual friction angle yield very poor estimates. In this study, first previously published Japanese data are reevaluated to establish a theoretical foundation for such correlations. Then, it is shown that equivalent smectite content (ESC) largely controls the residual friction angle of soils. In the second stage of the paper using the data of several researchers, it is shown that there is piecewise linear correlation between the equivalent basal spacing (EBS) and the residual friction angle. This study lays down a foundation for theoretical correlation between EBS and residual friction angle of soils.  相似文献   

新型预应力路基坡面法向附加应力扩散规律分析     

冷伍明  张期树  徐方  聂如松  杨奇  艾希 《岩土力学》2019,40(10):3987-4000

以新型预应力路基为研究对象,基于弹性理论推导预应力加固结构（侧压板和预应力筋）作用下路堤内沿坡面法向的附加应力扩散系数计算公式,并获得侧压板正下方及其2个外延方向的预应力扩散规律。研究表明：（1）理论公式适用的边界条件为侧压板（边长为0.9 m）离路肩距离不小于1倍板宽;（2）法向分解力产生的扩散作用显著大于切向分解力;（3）由于切向荷载作用,侧压板正下方土体的总扩散应力随深度由“腹鼓形”差异分布逐渐过渡呈“腹平状”较均匀分布;（4）各深度平面上最大扩散系数位置随深度发展在作用区中轴线上不断变动;（5）不同区域的扩散效果为板体正下方>上边界外侧>左右边界外侧>下边界外侧,板体两外延方向的平均有效扩散深度达1.6 m。基于ABAQUS有限元软件建立三维精细化路堤模型对理论解进行验证,发现二者结果（包括路肩处）吻合良好,论证了扩散系数理论公式的正确性及适用条件。最后,基于多块侧压板作用下附加应力的分布情况,探寻侧压板的合理布置间距,保障路堤内一定深度处形成一道连续、有效且较为均匀的预压区,改善路堤土的受力状态,并对路堤边坡提供侧向强制约束,利于路基长期稳定。  相似文献   

考虑土拱效应的悬臂式抗滑桩最大桩间距确定     

张玲  陈金海  赵明华 《岩土力学》2019,40(11):4497-4505

合理桩间距的确定是抗滑桩设计的重要内容之一。认为抗滑桩的抗滑能力主要来自桩身迎荷面的阻滑能力和桩侧的阻滑能力这两个方面。在假定抗滑桩这两方面的阻滑能力均充分发挥的基础上,从桩侧摩阻力与桩后土拱极限剪切作用厚度范围内的摩阻力与拱后滑坡推力之间的静力平衡条件出发,基于Mohr-Coulomb强度准则,简化摩阻力的分布形式,建立悬臂式抗滑桩桩间距的计算公式。在此基础上,进一步研究了滑坡体的黏聚力、滑坡推力及抗滑桩的截面尺寸等因素对桩间距的影响。参数分析结果表明：桩侧阻滑能力在整个抗滑桩的抗滑能力中占有重要比例,且主要受桩侧面宽度控制;滑坡土体的黏聚力、内摩擦角,桩截面宽度等因素对抗滑桩最大桩间距具有较大程度影响。  相似文献   

Three-dimensional finite element analysis for soil slopes stabilisation using piles     

I-Hsuan Ho 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2017,12(4):234-249

This paper presents the analytical methods of slope-stabilising piles using the three-dimensional (3-D) finite element (FE) analysis with the strength reduction method (SRM). This 3-D FE model is employed to overcome the limitations observed in two-dimensional (2-D) FE analysis. The solutions obtained from 3-D FE analyses are verified to be less conservative in this paper. The 3-D analysis is considered to be of particular importance to pile-slope problems. The soil that flows between piles cannot be taken account properly in the 2-D FE analysis. The method adopted in this paper can avoid the assumption of soil movement and the pressure distribution along the piles subjected to soil movement. The numerical analysis employs the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion with the strength reduction technique for soil and an elastic member for piles. The spacing effect of the pile is considered in the 3-D model, the S/D (S: centre to centre, D: diameter of pile) ratio, equal to 4.0, is found to be equivalent to the single pile stabilisation. The middle portion of the slope is identified as the optimal location to place the piles. The proper length of the pile, which can be used to stabilise the slope, is also examined using 3-D FE analyses. It is concluded that L/H greater or equal 0.70 is recommended (L: pile length, H: slope height). The numerical analyses are conducted based on a coupled analysis, which simultaneously considers both the slope stability and the pile response. The failure mechanisms of the pile-slope system subjected to the pile locations, pile head conditions and pile length are each discussed. The contact pressure, shear force and moment along the piles are presented to illustrate the pile stabilising mechanism herein.  相似文献   

夯扩桩加固湿陷性黄土地基机理研究     

聂庆科  梁金国  韩立君  李华伟 《岩土力学》2011,32(6):1819-1823

通过现场试验对夯扩挤密桩加固湿陷性黄土地基的机理进行研究。利用现场取得的加固前的原状土样和加固后的土样进行室内对比试验,测定加固前、后桩间土的物理力学性质指标（如孔隙比、湿陷系数和密实系数等）的变化。根据这些结果,分析了夯扩挤密桩加固湿陷性黄土地基的效果和夯扩挤密桩在水平方向和深度方向的挤密程度和影响范围。最后讨论了工程实践中夯扩挤密桩设计应采取的合理的桩间距  相似文献   

煤层气开发井网优化设计     

史进  吴晓东  韩国庆  毛慧  夏晓东 《煤田地质与勘探》2011,39(6):20-23

煤层气田井网布置的好坏直接影响到煤层气开发的成败以及最终采收率的高低。通过数值模拟方法,给出了煤层气井网优化设计的原则以及井网优化设计考虑的因素,如井间干扰、各向异性、井距与排距之比、井网密度、井网方位等,并利用数值模拟软件对鄂尔多斯盆地某区块进行了开发井网的优化设计,为该区的煤层气开发方案设计提供了合理依据。   相似文献   

西藏建筑节能设计标准的探讨     

刘建平 《中国勘察设计》2009,(11):46-48

做好建筑节能工作,是落实科学发展观,建设节约型社会和节约型城镇的重要举措,也是现代建筑技术发展的方向。把太阳能开发利用作为一个重点,利用太阳能解决冬季采暖和四季生活热水供应,以减少建筑能耗,发展城乡节能建筑体系,是西藏建筑节能设计标准的一个重要宗旨。希望能给在建筑领域里工作的同志们一点启示。  相似文献