基于拱效应的边坡抗滑桩桩间距计算   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

赵明华  廖彬彬  刘思思 《岩土力学》2010,31(4):1211-1216

基于桩间土的斜拱效应,考虑边坡的倾角对抗滑桩桩间距的影响,并以此建立计算模型。首先在假定土拱的轴线为抛物线的基础上,根据水平面、竖直面内的静力平衡条件和强度条件,推导出桩间距的计算公式,分别得到了相应的合理桩间距计算方法。其次通过具体工程实例,阐述考虑边坡倾角情况下抗滑桩桩间距的计算过程,得到了比较合理的计算结果,并分析了桩间距与土体内摩擦角以及桩间距与坡面倾角之间的关系。分析结果表明,在其他因素不变的情况下,桩间距随桩后土体的内摩擦角增大而增大,随边坡倾角增大先增大后减小。  相似文献   

吹填土自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力消散的试验研究     

宋晶  王清  孙铁  李晓茹  张中琼  焦志亮 《岩土力学》2010,31(9):2935-2940

利用真空预压法处理吹填土时,细颗粒常堵塞排水管,导致土体排水不畅。为提高吹填土固结效率,采用自重沉淤排水与加负压排水固结相结合的方式在室内进行吹填土固结试验。试验第一阶段用排水管作为吹填土自重沉淤的竖向排水通道;第二阶段以装入中粗砂的排水管作吹填土排水通道,同时也是压力传递通道。试验监测到吹填土固结过程中不同位置孔隙水压力的变化,通过监测数据着重研究自重沉淤排水阶段吹填土的固结规律。借助渗流平衡方程确定吹填土在自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化主要由排水管中水位、单位土面积控制,解释自重沉淤阶段孔隙水压力变化机理。同时,为了减小由于排水距离远近造成的固结不均,利用自重沉淤与加压固结结合的方法使吹填土达到较为理想的固结效果,将砂井设计理论与孔隙水压力变化曲线相结合确定排水管有效排水范围等效直径,为实际工程提供排水管间距的设计参数。  相似文献   

考虑压裂裂缝的煤层气藏井网井距确定方法     

徐兵祥  李相方  邵长金  陈东  黄勇  胡小虎 《煤田地质与勘探》2011,39(4):16-19

煤层气藏具有低渗透率特点, 这使得其在直井排采前须对产层进行压裂改造,而压裂裂缝参数对井距的确定影响很大,因此研究裂缝长度、导流能力与井距的关系具有实际意义。通过对比不同裂缝穿透比和导流能力下的煤层气产量与采出程度,探讨裂缝参数对煤层气产出的影响规律;并以煤层气开采15a采出程度达到50%时的井距作为评价指标,研究压裂效果与井距的关系。研究结果表明,裂缝越长,导流能力越大,井距就越大-尤其在渗透率较小时,裂缝参数对井距的影响更明显。因此,在确定煤层气藏井距时,由于人工裂缝影响,裂缝方向的井距可适当放大。以我国韩城矿区煤层气区块储层参数为例,在给定优化指标下,宜选择矩形井网(350m×300m),或菱形井网(对角线长度为700m×400m)。   相似文献   

页岩气藏缝网压裂裂缝间距优化研究     

郭建春  李根  周鑫浩 《岩土力学》2016,37(11):3123-3129

页岩气藏一般具有低孔隙、低渗透等特征,对其实施缝网压裂是高效开发页岩气的最佳途径。采用位移不连续法建立线弹性二维均质地层诱导应力场分布数学模型,通过水平应力差异系数对顺序压裂和交替压裂的裂缝间距进行优化研究。结果表明,水平应力差异系数受到裂缝净压力、裂缝缝长、原地应力场等因素的影响;裂缝净压力越大、缝长越长,水平应力差异系数越小;随着与裂缝距离的增加,水平应力差异系数呈现先减小后增加的趋势,因此,存在后续裂缝形成复杂网络的最佳裂缝间距;顺序压裂裂缝间距不宜过大,且后续压裂裂缝间距应适当减小;交替压裂裂缝间距最优时,缝间水平应力差异系数最小,对中间裂缝形成缝网最有利。  相似文献   

Effect of transect location,transect spacing and interpolation methods on river bathymetry accuracy          下载免费PDF全文

Jill Glenn  Daniele Tonina  Mark D. Morehead  Fritz Fiedler  Rohan Benjankar 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(9):1185-1198

Digital elevation models (DEMs) of river channel bathymetries are developed by interpolating elevations between data collected at discrete points or along transects. The accuracy of interpolated bathymetries depends on measurement error, the density and distribution of point data, and the interpolation method. Whereas point measurement errors can be minimized by selecting the most efficient equipment, the effect of data density and interpolation method on river bathymetry is relatively unknown. Thus, this study focuses on transect‐based collection methods and investigates the effects of transect location, the spacing between transects, and interpolation methods on the accuracy of interpolated bathymetry. This is accomplished by comparing four control bathymetries generated from accurate and high resolution, sub‐meter scale data to bathymetries interpolated from transect data extracted from the control bathymetries using two transect locating methods and four interpolation methods. The transect locating methods are a morphologically‐spaced and an equally‐spaced model. The four interpolation methods are Ordinary Kriging, Delaunay Triangulation, and Simple Linear, which are applied in curvilinear coordinates (Delaunay Triangulation is also applied in Cartesian coordinates), and Natural Neighbor only in Cartesian Coordinates. The bathymetric data were obtained from morphologically simple and complex reaches of a large (average bankfull width = 90 m) and a small (average bankfull width = 17 m) river. The accuracy of the developed DEMs is assessed using statistical analysis of the differences between the control and interpolated bathymetries and hydraulic parameters assessed from bankfull water surface elevations. Results indicate that DEM accuracy is not influenced by the choice of transect location method (with same averaged cross‐section spacing) or a specific interpolation method, but rather by the coordinate system for which the interpolation method is applied and the spacing between transects. They also show negligible differences between the mean depths and surface areas calculated from bathymetries with dense or coarse spacing. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

施工期间人工挖孔桩桩间土稳定性分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曹贤发  张家生  刘之葵  徐进 《岩土力学》2013,34(5):1443-1448

为预防人工挖孔桩窜孔,探讨了桩间土失稳机制,分析了桩间土失稳时的位移特征,建立了桩间土稳定性分析的力学模型,推导了桩间土稳定系数及安全桩净距的计算公式,提出了窜孔防治措施建议。结果表明,桩间土失稳时,滑动土体位移平行于桩心连线,其宽度等于两桩桩径较小值;桩间土稳定系数与滑动土体宽度及埋深成反比,与桩净距成正比,随滑动层的抗剪强度及残余抗剪强度增大而增大,而滑动层厚度则存在一个最不利值,可通过试算确定;控制桩孔间的混凝土面高差、增大桩孔开挖净距、加强护壁,减少桩间土的扰动等是防治窜孔的有效措施。工程实例表明,桩间土稳定性评价方法合理、实用,可为黏性土场地的人工挖孔桩施工提供参考。  相似文献   

山东省高唐县地热资源评价及开发利用方案探讨          下载免费PDF全文

陈振  徐显义  王学民 《山东国土资源》2012,28(7):5-8

对高唐地区地热资源地质背景、区域水文地质特征、热储地质特征进行综合研究与分析,并对该区馆陶组热储层地热资源量及地热水资源量进行初步估算,为地热资源的合理开发利用提出有效、科学的合理井距及布井数目。  相似文献   

A diagnosis of sub-surface water table dynamics in low hydraulic conductivity soils in the sugar cane fields of Pongola,South Africa     

《Physics and Chemistry of the Earth》2016

Water and land are the two natural resources restraining crop production in South Africa. With the increasing demand for food, emphasis has shifted from the sole reliance on rain fed crop production, to irrigation. The deterioration in irrigation water quality from surface water sources is, however, posing a big challenge to the sustainability of irrigated crop production. This is because more water is required for leaching, resulting in shallow water tables in agricultural lands. The installation of well designed subsurface drainage systems alone is not enough; the provision of timely maintenance is also necessary. In this study, the extent and severity of problems as a consequence of shallow water tables and their possible causes were investigated at three sugarcane fields in Pongola, South Africa, having low hydraulic conductivity soils. Also investigated were soil salinity levels and the temporal variation in the salinity of the irrigation water. A water table map of a 32 ha sugarcane field was generated, using observed water table depth (WTD) data from 36 piezometers monitored from September 2011 to February 2012. Out of the total 32 ha under cultivation, 12% was found to be affected by shallow WTDs of less than the 1.0 m design WTD. The inability of natural drainage to cope with subsurface drainage needs and the poor maintenance of subsurface drainage systems contributed to the shallow water tables in the area. Furthermore, the currently adopted drainage design criteria also proved unsatisfactory with mean observed water table depth and drainage discharge (DD) of 20% and 50%, respectively, less than their respective design levels. The salinity of the irrigation water was, on average, 32% higher than threshold tolerance level of sugarcane. The root zone soil salinity levels at the three study sites were greater than the 1.7 dS m⁻¹ threshold for sugar cane. The subsurface drainage design criteria adopted at the site needs to be revisited by ensuring that the slope of the land is taken into consideration in the drainage design in addition to adhering to a recommended maintenance schedule.  相似文献   

Orogen‐scale drainage network evolution and response to erodibility changes: insights from numerical experiments          下载免费PDF全文

Emanuele Giachetta  Alberto Refice  Domenico Capolongo  Nicole M. Gasparini  Frank J. Pazzaglia 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2014,39(9):1259-1268

The continuous feedbacks among tectonics, surface processes, and climate are reflected in the distribution of catchments on active mountain ranges. Previous studies have shown a regularity of valley spacing across mountain ranges worldwide, but the origin of this geomorphological feature is currently not well known. In this work, we use a landscape evolution model to investigate the process of fluvial network organization and the evolution of regular ridge‐and‐valley patterns on simulated mountain ranges. In particular, we investigate the behavior of such patterns when subjected to a perturbation in landscape processes from a previous steady state, resulting from a sudden variation in the pattern of bedrock erodibility, from homogeneous to a gradient. We analyze the time evolution of the mean ratio λ' between the linear spacing of adjacent valleys and the half width of the mountain range. We show how a valley spacing ratio of ~0.5 is first achieved at steady state under uniform bedrock erodibility. After applying the gradient of bedrock erodibility across the landscape, we observe that λ' first increases and then decreases to a new steady‐state value that is smaller than the original value. A detailed analysis of the simulations, through observations of surface ‘snapshots’ at repeated time intervals, allows to gain some insight into the mechanisms governing this fluvial network reorganization process, driven by the migration of the main divide toward the side characterized by lower bedrock erodibility. On both sides of the range the new steady‐state valley spacing is obtained through mechanisms of catchment reorganization and competition between adjacent fluvial networks. In particular, catchment reorganization is characterized by the growth of smaller catchments between shrinking larger catchments on the side with lower erodibility, and the growth of larger catchments on the side with higher erodibility. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A Variable Mesh Spacing for Large-Eddy Simulation Models in the Convective Boundary Layer     

Gervásio Annes Degrazia  Umberto Rizza  Franciano Scremin Puhales  Antônio Gledson Goulart  Jonas Carvalho  Guilherme Sausen Welter  Edson Pereira Marques Filho 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(2):277-292

A variable vertical mesh spacing for large-eddy simulation (LES) models in a convective boundary layer (CBL) is proposed. The argument is based on the fact that in the vertical direction the turbulence near the surface in a CBL is inhomogeneous and therefore the subfilter-scale effects depend on the relative location between the spectral peak of the vertical velocity and the filter cut-off wavelength. From the physical point of view, this lack of homogeneity makes the vertical mesh spacing the principal length scale and, as a consequence, the LES filter cut-off wavenumber is expressed in terms of this characteristic length scale. Assuming that the inertial subrange initial frequency is equal to the LES filter cut-off frequency and employing fitting expressions that describe the observed convective turbulent energy one-dimensional spectra, it is feasible to derive a relation to calculate the variable vertical mesh spacing. The incorporation of this variable vertical grid within a LES model shows that both the mean quantities (and their gradients) and the turbulent statistics quantities are well described near to the ground level, where the LES predictions are known to be a challenging task.  相似文献