高煤级煤—隐晶质石墨的Raman光谱表征及结构演化     

李焕同  王楠  朱志蓉  范晶晶  张卫国 《煤田地质与勘探》2020,48(1):34-41

拉曼光谱能够反映碳材料结构的有序程度和结构缺陷,可用来表征高煤级煤—隐晶质石墨演化过程中结构变化。通过对受岩浆热变质影响的不同变形变质程度样品的拉曼参数与面网间距（d₀₀₂）之间关系的研究表明:G峰位置与d₀₀₂呈现阶梯变化,能较好地区分出石墨与高煤级煤,S₂峰位、D₁、G半峰宽与d₀₀₂呈较好的线性关系;D₁与G峰峰位差和半峰宽比随d₀₀₂减小而减小,S₂与S₄峰的峰位差随d₀₀₂减小先增大后减小,而其强度比及面积比逐渐增大;d₀₀₂与拉曼参数关系显示两次明显的结构演化跃变,即无烟煤至变质无烟煤阶段,R_max>6.5%、P（D₁-G）<235 cm-1、P（S₂-S₄）>525 cm-1以及半峰宽比显著下降、L_a/L_c迅速降低,为芳构化、芳环缩合作用增强向芳环叠片拼叠转变;半石墨至石墨演化阶段,P（D₁-G）、I_D1/I_G与A_D1/A_G显著降低,L_a、L_c迅速增加。以d₀₀₂为标度能较好地反映煤结构在不同演化阶段的Raman光谱特征。   相似文献   

Seasonal distribution of chlorophyll on mudflats in New South Wales,Australia measured by field spectrometry and PAM fluorometry     

R.J. Murphy  T.J. TolhurstM.G. Chapman  A.J. Underwood 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

Variability of chlorophyll (as an index of micro-algal abundance) between warm and cool seasons at different heights on (distances across) the shore was investigated on intertidal mudflats in warm-temperate Australia. Chlorophyll was measured using ratios of reflectances from field spectrometry and minimal fluorescence (F₀) from PAM fluorometry to compare patterns obtained using these two methods. A single sampling period comprised 2 days of sampling, one for each mudflat, with 2 sampling periods nested within each month, 2 months within each of a cool and warm season in each of 2 years. Large differences in amounts of chlorophyll were found between the two mudflats, although spatial and temporal patterns of variation were generally similar. There were greater amounts of chlorophyll in the cooler months than in the warmer months in each location in each year, which contrasts with many of the patterns reported from elsewhere. There was more chlorophyll on the upper than on the lower shore and the increases from summer to winter were generally greater at the higher levels. Large variation in chlorophyll from week to week within each month demonstrated the need for adequate replication in studies of seasonal patterns of variability. Measurements made by a field spectrometer and a PAM fluorometer were largely consistent, but, at certain times, they showed an opposite pattern. The reasons for these differences were investigated further by looking at differences in other pigments, but the different results from the two methods could not to be explained by changes in composition of the micro-algal assemblage and, as yet, remain unexplained.  相似文献   

华北南部构造煤纳米级孔隙结构演化特征及作用机理   总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14  

琚宜文  姜波  侯泉林  王桂梁  方爱民 《地质学报》2005,79(2):269-285

构造煤是在构造应力作用下,煤体发生变形或破坏的一类煤,在世界主要产煤国家皆有分布。构造变形不同程度的改变着煤的大分子结构和化学成分,而且也影响到构造煤的纳米级孔隙结构(<10 0 nm ) ,它是煤层气的主要吸附空间。通过构造煤显微组分和镜质组油浸最大反射率的测定,采用液氮吸附法对不同变质变形环境、不同变形系列构造煤的纳米级孔隙分类、孔隙结构特征进行了深入系统的研究,并结合高分辨透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射对大分子结构和孔隙结构的分析,结果表明:不同类型构造煤纳米级孔径结构自然分类,可将孔径结构划分为过渡孔(15～10 0 nm )、微孔(5～15 nm )、亚微孔(2 .5～5 nm )和极微孔(<2 .5 nm ) 4类。低煤级变形变质环境中随着构造变形的增强,不同类型构造煤过渡孔孔容明显降低,微孔及其下孔径段孔容明显增多,可见亚微孔和极微孔,过渡孔的比表面积大幅度降低,而亚微孔的却增加得较快。从脆韧性变形煤至韧性变形煤,总孔体积、累积比表面积、N2 吸附量随着构造变形的增强,这些结构参数均迅速增加,但中值半径进一步下降。非均质结构煤孔隙参数与弱脆性变形煤相当。中、高煤级变形变质环境形成的各种类型构造煤与低煤级变质变形环境相比,孔隙参数的变化基本一致。但不同类型构造煤的变化又有所区别  相似文献   

Perfluorinated alkyl acids in water, sediment and wildlife from Sydney Harbour and surroundings     

Thompson J  Roach A  Eaglesham G  Bartkow ME  Edge K  Mueller JF 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(12):2869-2875

Perfluorinated alkyl compounds (PFCs) including perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) were measured in environmental samples collected from around Homebush Bay, an urban/industrial area in the upper reaches of Sydney Harbour and Parramatta River estuary. Water, surface sediment, Sea Mullet (Mugil cephalus), Sydney Rock Oyster (Saccostrea commercialis) and eggs of two bird species; White Ibis (Threskiornis molucca), and Silver Gull (Larus novaehollandiae) were analysed. In most samples PFOS was the dominant PFC. Geometric mean PFOS concentrations were 33 ng/g ww (wet weight) in gull eggs, 34 ng/g ww in ibis eggs, and 1.8 ng/g ww and 66 ng/g ww in Sea Mullet muscle and liver, respectively. In sediment the PFOS geometric mean was 1.5 ng/g, in water average PFOS and PFOA concentrations ranged from 7.5 to 21 ng/L and 4.2 to 6.4 ng/L, respectively. In oysters perfluorododecanoic acid was most abundant, with a geometric mean of 2.5 ng/g ww.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the reservoir permeability of anthracite coals by geophysical logging data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Junqian LiDameng Liu  Yanbin YaoYidong Cai  Yongkai Qiu 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,87(2):121-127

Permeability is one of the most significant reservoir parameters. It is commonly obtained by experiment, history simulation, injection/falloff well test and geophysical logging. Among these, geophysical logging remains as the most economic and efficient technique in evaluating coal permeability in the vicinity of an open-hole. In this paper, geophysical logging data are used to evaluate the coal reservoir permeability for the No. 3 coal seam in the southern Qinshui Basin (Fanzhuang and Zhengzhuang coal zones). Ideally coal reservoirs consist of coal matrix and fracture networks that can be represented by a model called a collection of sheets. Based on the model, coal reservoir permeability can be quantitatively calculated using the theoretical formula of k_f = 8.50 × 10^− 4 w²φ_f, in which fracture width (w) and fracture porosity (φ_f) were obtained by dual laterolog and density logging data, respectively. Calculative results show that coal reservoir permeability ranged from 0.017 mD to 0.617 mD for the Fanzhuang coal zone and from 0.047 mD to 1.337 mD for the Zhengzhuang coal zone. The permeability decreases with coal burial depth, reflecting variations in penetration capability of coal reservoirs at varying depths. Comparing results with those from injection/falloff well tests, however, shows that the model-calculated permeability is slightly higher. This is expected because the model did not include the influence from coal anisotropy.  相似文献   

华北下组煤底板突水及涌水量预测方法浅析     

杜金龙  曾健勇 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(9):38-41

华北地区下组煤资源丰富,却深受奥灰水困扰,有必要进行煤层底板突水评价及矿井涌水量预测。文章首先简要介绍了常见的底板突水评价及矿井涌水量预测方法,指出了各自的优缺点及适用条件。之后以显德汪矿9#煤层为例开展案例研究,研究结果表明：矿区中南部可划为底板突水危险区;若将突水危险区-200m水平奥灰水压降至安全水压,预测涌水量为2 000m3/h;目前实际开采9#煤突水过渡区,在使用必要的注浆措施后,发现回采是安全可行的。本研究在提升煤炭资源保障能力、延长矿山开采年限和加强煤炭安全生产方面具有理论与实践意义。  相似文献   

测井曲线在阜新雷家区煤田勘探中的应用     

赵杰 《中国煤炭地质》2011,(11):60-62,71

雷家井田位于辽宁省阜新彰武县西北12km,通过分析该区三侧向电阻率、密度、自然伽马等测井曲线特征,确定了孙家弯组、沙海组、沙海组、九佛堂组等地层界线及4、5、6等煤层的赋存形态：4煤和5煤全区发育,为主要可采煤层;6煤组全区发育,南薄北厚,局部可采。  相似文献   

南票热变煤中不溶有机质的谱学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

方家虎  唐修义 《煤田地质与勘探》1994,22(4):24-29

通过对南票热变煤的Ⅰ·Ｒ、Ｒｏｃｋ—ｅｖａｌ与ＸＲＤ的研究，对其成煤母质、煤级、矿物与热变煤的物理化学结构演化等方面有了新的认识：该煤生成有低等生物参与；煤脱矿作用使脂肪结构优先低温氧化，煤中矿物对Ｓ２峰影响较大；Ｔｍａｘ、ＴＰＩ、ＯＰＩ、ｄ００２、Ｌｃ等为较好的成熟度参数，而ＨＩ、Ａ因子、Ｃ因子、脂芳比受成熟度与母质双重因素影响；ｄ００２、Ｌｃ与温度和有机质受热速度有关；镜质体反射率主要取决于稠环芳香结构规整程度；Ｌａ、Ｌｃ下降与Ｌａ／Ｌｃ＞１是热变煤特征；热变煤的物理化学结构演化类似区域变质煤。  相似文献   

Block gliding and rheological deformation in the Southern Sydney basin     

R.W. Young  R.A.L. Wray  K.L White  E.R. Hoskins 《The Australian geographer》1995,26(2):180-188

Block gliding caused by low frictional resistance or by the deformation of plastic substrates has been well documented from many parts of the world, but neither of these mechanisms explains the widespread gliding of sandstone blocks away from cliffs in the southern Sydney Basin of south‐eastern Australia. The movement of large blocks over declivities from near zero to a maximum of 5°, high frictional resistance and lack of high porewater pressures rule out a simple sliding mechanism and it is unlikely that slender towers of sandstone could have survived seismic vibration sufficient to overcome frictional resistance to gliding. Highly preferential dip control of the direction of gliding and of the development of benches over which the blocks move, together with mounds, similar to pressure ridges, on the benches, indicate that the block gliding is due to the rheological deformation of the underlying rock, even though it is a sandy siltstone lacking readily deformable beds. Estimated rates of deformation are only 11 m/Ma to 270 m/Ma, but are commensurate with the rates of erosional retreat of clifflines estimated from K‐Ar and ¹⁴C chronologies. This phenomenon may be a significant feature of many slowly eroding landscapes, and prompts revision of models of long‐term geomorphological evolution.  相似文献   

Extraction of heavy metals in Sydney Harbour sediments using 1M HCl and 0.05M EDTA and implications for sediment‐quality guidelines     

S. McCready  G. F. Birch  S. E. Taylor 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(2):249-255

Sixty sediment samples with a wide range of heavy‐metal concentrations and sediment textures were collected from Sydney Harbour. The samples were extracted with 1M HCl, 0.05M EDTA and HClO₄/HNO₃ and analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry for Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. 1M HCl extracted a large proportion of heavy metals in oxic sediments (60–100%), whereas the extractability of metals with 0.05M EDTA was generally lower (by ～20%). Extractability was unrelated to the level of contamination or to sediment texture. The extractability of Cu in anoxic sediments was substantially lower with 1M HCl (～20%) and 0.05M EDTA (～10%) than with HClO₄/HNO₃. The extractability of Pb with 0.05M EDTA was also reduced in anoxic sediments (to ～70%). The use of weak extractants, in particular 1M HCl, is recommended by the recently introduced ANZECC and ARMCANZ interim sediment‐quality guidelines. These extractants are believed to provide a better measure of the bioavailable metal content than strong acid extractants. In this study, anoxic, sulfidic environments had a major influence on metal extractability with weak extractants. The implication of this is that the number of samples requiring further testing, as stipulated by the guidelines, would be significantly reduced in anoxic sediments.  相似文献