玛纳斯县城高危震害小区的综合判定     

李锰  宋立军 《内陆地震》1998,12(1):58-62

在以玛纳斯县城各居委会小区为单元进行震害预测的基础上,分析了人员伤亡数量,社会财富和无家可归人数三项指标在评判高危震害小区中占有的地位。建立了高危震害小区判定指标公式。指出了玛纳斯县城内的第４,第９居委会小区为高危震害小区。把对高危震害小区的判定从单一定性化推向综合定量化做了一次尝试。  相似文献   

试论工程场地砂土液化的综合评判——以福-泉高速公路长乐营前三汊港特大桥为例     

黄莉菁  王善雄 《福建地震》1998,(2)

本文以对营前特大桥桥位区的砂土液化的综合评判为例子,提出砂土液化必须运用定值准则的概念与方法并结合各种宏观液化势判定手段进行综合评判,文中还针对水下孔的水位取值进行了讨论。  相似文献   

A method of searching for radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle using interfering signals     

C. Wright  J. A. Lyons 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1980,119(1):118-136

Radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle that give rise to triplications in the travel-time curve for short-periodP waves will produce arrivals havingdT/d values that differe by roughly 0.2–0.5 s/deg. The first two arrivals associated with such triplications will be separated by less than one second over a distance range of 4°–10° they may not, therefore, be separable visually on single seismograms, so that their presence can only be inferred from some measurable property that depends on their mutual interference. If there are lateral variations in the regions of anomalous velocity gradients, the interfering signals will also have different azimuths of arrival. Using two synthetic wavelets we have investigated the effect of interference on bothdT/d and azimuth measurements at the Yellowknife Array. We found that if the interfering pulses have a dominant frequencyv, there is a range of time separations (0.30/v0.55/v) over which the measureddT/d and azimuth values may fluctuate by much more than the differences indT/d and azimuth between the interfering signals. We have evaluated the following empirically defined functions for three different primary signals, and for three different relative amplitudes of the interfering signals:f (t), the drift function, which expresses how the measured slownesses,p, and azimuths, , differ from the slownesses and azimuths of the primary wavelets; f(), the range function, which describes the behaviour of the upper and lower bounds ofp and as a function of the difference in arrival times of the signals, andf , studied the properties of these functions, and have outlined how these properties provide criteria based on the numerical and statistical characteristics of the arrival vectors, and on the waveform of the signal that will enable small radial velocity anomalies to be more clearly delineated.Contribution No. 863 from the Earth Physics Branch.  相似文献   

Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area,South China Sea     

《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2014

Downhole wireline log (DWL) data was acquired from eight drill sites during China's first gas hydrate drilling expedition (GMGS-1) in 2007. Initial analyses of the acquired well log data suggested that there were no significant gas hydrate occurrences at Site SH4. However, the re-examination of the DWL data from Site SH4 indicated that there are two intervals of high resistivity, which could be indicative of gas hydrate. One interval of high resistivity at depth of 171–175 m below seafloor (mbsf) is associated with a high compressional- wave (P-wave) velocities and low gamma ray log values, which suggests the presence of gas hydrate in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. The second high resistivity interval at depth of 175–180 mbsf is associated with low P-wave velocities and low gamma values, which suggests the presence of free gas in a potentially sand-rich (low clay content) sedimentary section. Because the occurrence of free gas is much shallower than the expected from the regional depth of the bottom simulating reflector (BSR), the free gas could be from the dissociation of gas hydrate during drilling or there may be a local anomaly in the depth to the base of the gas hydrate stability zone. In order to determine whether the low P-wave velocity with high resistivity is caused by in-situ free gas or dissociated free gas from the gas hydrate, the surface seismic data were also used in this analysis. The log analysis incorporating the surface seismic data through the construction of synthetic seismograms using various models indicated the presence of free gas directly in contact with an overlying gas hydrate-bearing section. The occurrence of the anomalous base of gas hydrate stability at Site SH4 could be caused by a local heat flow conditions. This paper documents the first observation of gas hydrate in what is believed to be a sand-rich sediment in Shenhu area of the South China Sea.  相似文献   

不同分布模式电离层对星载InSAR测高精度的影响及校正     

赵玲  周杨  靳国旺  薛武  许继伟 《测绘科学技术学报》2015,(3):288-293

电离层总电子含量(TEC)会使合成孔径雷达干涉测量(In SAR)信号产生相位延迟,进而影响生成DEM的精度,特别是对L和P等长波段信号的影响不可忽略。因此,针对不同TEC分布模式的电离层开展研究,构建了电离层对星载In SAR测高精度的影响模型,提出了相应的校正方法,并进行了仿真实验。实验表明对于特定波长的In SAR信号,不同TEC分布模式对In SAR测高精度的影响不同:TEC均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR测高精度的影响较小,并可通过相位解缠、基线估计等环节进行很好的补偿;而TEC不均匀分布的电离层模型对In SAR精度的影响较大,仅靠相位解缠等过程不能较好地消除,必须通过向干涉图中加入电离层影响模型予以纠正。  相似文献   

Geostatistical analysis of soil moisture measurements and remotely sensed data at different spatial scales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shakil?Ahmad?RomshooEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2004,45(3):339-349

The European remote sensing satellite (ERS-2) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data was used for temporal monitoring of soil moisture at Sukhothai, Thailand. Higher correlations were found between the observed soil moisture and the radar backscattering coefficient. The soil moisture distribution shows great variation in space and time due to its stochastic nature. In order to obtain a better understanding of the nature and causes of spatial variation of soil moisture, the extensive soil moisture measurements observed in Thailand and also remotely sensed ERS-2 SAR data were used for geostatistical analysis. The observed soil moisture shows seasonal variations with mean varying from 3.33 %v/v (dry season) to 33.44 %v/v (wet season). The spatial geostatistical structure also shows clear seasonal variations in the geostatistical characteristics such as range and sill. The sills vary from 1.00 (%v/v)² for the driest day to 107.57 (%v/v)² for one of the wet days. The range or the correlation lengths varies between 46.5 and 149.8 m for the wettest and driest periods. The nugget effect does not show strong seasonal pattern or trend but the dry periods usually have a smaller nugget effect than the wet periods. The spherical variogram model fits the sample variograms very well in the case of soil moisture observations while the exponential model fits those of the remotely sensed data. The ranges observed from the observed soil moisture data and remotely sensed data at the same resolution are very similar. Resolution degradation affects the geostatistical structure of the data by reducing the sills, and increasing the ranges.  相似文献   

Coastal pollution hazards in southern California observed by SAR imagery: stormwater plumes, wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps     

Digiacomo PM  Washburn L  Holt B  Jones BH 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1013-1024

Stormwater runoff plumes, municipal wastewater plumes, and natural hydrocarbon seeps are important pollution hazards for the heavily populated Southern California Bight (SCB). Due to their small size, dynamic and episodic nature, these hazards are difficult to sample adequately using traditional in situ oceanographic methods. Complex coastal circulation and persistent cloud cover can further complicate detection and monitoring of these hazards. We use imagery from space-borne synthetic aperture radar (SAR), complemented by field measurements, to examine these hazards in the SCB. The hazards are detectable in SAR imagery because they deposit surfactants on the sea surface, smoothing capillary and small gravity waves to produce areas of reduced backscatter compared with the surrounding ocean. We suggest that high-resolution SAR, which obtains useful data regardless of darkness or cloud cover, could be an important observational tool for assessment and monitoring of coastal marine pollution hazards in the SCB and other urbanized coastal regions.  相似文献   

Synthesis, crystal structure and crystal chemistry of ferri-clinoholmquistite, ?Li ₂Mg ₃Fe ³⁺ ₂Si ₈O ₂₂(OH) ₂     

G. Iezzi  F. Cámara  R. Oberti  G. Della Ventura  G. Pedrazzi  J-L Robert 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2004,31(6):375-385

This work reports the synthesis of ferri-clinoholmquistite, nominally _Li2(Mg₃Fe³⁺₂)Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂, at varying f_O2 conditions. Amphibole compositions were characterized by X-ray (powder and single-crystal) diffraction, microchemical (EMPA) and spectroscopic (FTIR, Mössbauer and Raman) techniques. Under reducing conditions ( NNO+1, where NNO = Nickel–Nickel oxide buffer), the amphibole yield is very high (>90%), but its composition, and in particular the FeO/Fe₂O₃ ratio, departs significantly from the nominal one. Under oxidizing conditions ( NNO+1.5), the amphibole yield is much lower (<60%, with Li-pyroxene abundant), but its composition is close to the ideal stoichiometry. The exchange vector of relevance for the studied system is ^M2(Mg,Fe²⁺) ^M4(Mg,Fe²⁺) ^M2Fe³⁺_–1 ^M4Li_–1, which is still rather unexplored in natural systems. Amphibole crystals of suitable size for structure refinement were obtained only at 800 °C, 0.4 GPa and NNO conditions (sample 152), and have C2/m symmetry. The X-ray powder patterns for all other samples were indexed in the same symmetry; the amphibole closest to ideal composition has a = 9.428(1) Å, b = 17.878(3) Å, c = 5.282(1) Å, = 102.06(2)°, V = 870.8(3) ų. Mössbauer spectra show that Fe³⁺ is strongly ordered at M2 in all samples, whereas Fe²⁺ is disordered over the B and C sites. FTIR analysis shows that the amount of ^CFe²⁺ increases for increasingly reducing conditions. FTIR data also provide strong evidence for slight but significant amounts of Li at the A sites.  相似文献   

2012年欧亚寒冷天气过程与北极涛动异常活动的联系     

刘斌  徐保华  胡剑文  陆凡 《气象与减灾研究》2012,35(2):17-22

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和CPC逐日北极涛动(AO)指数资料,结合近30年欧亚地区地面气温年际异常变化的可能机理,分析了AO异常波动对2012年欧亚地区严寒天气过程的影响。结果表明,AO发生负异常波动对2012年1—2月欧亚地区异常寒冷天气起到至关重要的作用。AO在12月为正异常波动,次年1—2月则呈现负异常波动,其中1月中下旬至2月中旬的负异常波动过程比较显著。在AO负异常影响下,极涡面积增大,冷空气活动加强,中纬度纬向环流减弱而经向环流增强,造成冷、暖空气交换加剧,极地冷空气南下入侵到中纬度地区,从而导致欧亚大陆异常寒冷天气;同时,由北大西洋及地中海北上的暖湿气流,在遭遇冷空气阻碍后给西欧和南欧一些地区带来了大面积的雨雪天气。  相似文献   

基于全极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测算法研究     

张兢  周玉坤 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(6):33-36

介绍了基于星载极化SAR影像的舰船目标检测的处理流程,针对基于不同杂波模型的CFAR检测法和基于相干信息的2L-IHP检测法,分析实现了瑞利分布、Gauss分布、韦布尔分布、对数正态分布,四种常用杂波分布模型的CA-CFAR检测法,通过实验检测海面舰船目标,发现这四种杂波模型针对不同海况有着不同的适应性,其检测效果也大不相同。而2L-IHP检测法不依赖于海杂波模型,通过子孔径相干提高目标和背景之间的对比度,实验结果表明,该方法能大幅提高海面舰船目标的检测概率。  相似文献