The chemical changes of DOM from black waters to coastal marine waters by HPLC combined with ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry     

Zhanfei Liu  Rachel L. Sleighter  Junyan Zhong  Patrick G. Hatcher 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

How dissolved organic matter (DOM) undergoes chemical changes during its transit from river to ocean remains a challenge due to its complex structure. In this study, DOM along a river transect from black waters to marine waters is characterized using an offline combination of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled to electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR-MS), as well as tandem ESI-FTICR-MS. In addition, a water extract from degraded wood that mainly consists of lignins is used for comparison to the DOM from this transect. The HPLC chromatograms of all DOM samples and the wood extract show two major well-separated components; one is hydrophilic and the other is hydrophobic, based on their elution order from the C₁₈ column. From the FTICR-MS analysis of the HPLC fractions, the hydrophilic components mainly contain low molecular weight compounds (less than 400 Da), while the hydrophobic fractions contain the vast majority of compounds of the bulk C₁₈ extracted DOM. The wood extract and the DOM samples from the transect of black waters to coastal marine waters show strikingly similar HPLC chromatograms, and the FTICR-MS analysis further indicates that a large fraction of molecular formulas from these samples are the same, existing as lignin-like compounds. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments show that several representative molecules from the lignin-like compounds have similar functional group losses and fragmentation patterns, consistent with modified lignin structural entities in the wood extract and these DOM samples. Taken together, these data suggest that lignin-derived compounds may survive the transit from the river to the coastal ocean and can accumulate there because of their refractory nature.  相似文献   

内蒙古浩尧尔忽洞高钾钙碱性花岗岩岩石成因及构造意义     

王得权  刘建朝  张海东  门文辉  郑利宏  赵宗勤  李强  高海龙 《西北地质》2013,(4):25-32

浩尧尔忽洞金矿为低品位超大型中低温热液型金矿,矿区内华力西期花岗岩发育。SiO2含量为71．5％～73．07％,Na2O／K2O值为0．59～0．67,平均值为0．64,属于高钾钙碱性系列。哈克图解上各元素含量随SiO2变化成线性规律明显,具I型花岗岩特征。Mg^#为39～49,其平均值为43,与下地壳麻粒岩的平均值（45．36）相近。∑REE值变化范围为72．64×10^-6～132．6×10^-6总体上稀土含量较低。（La／Yb）Ⅳ值为12．99～34．13,显示轻重稀土有较大的分馏。在稀土元素蛛网图上表现为右倾。Ba／Th值为133．93～178．93,认为板片俯冲流体影响较小。OEu含量为0．52～0．96,平均值为0．75,具有中等到低的Eu亏损。根据其地球化学特征,认为该岩体为后碰撞期形成的高钾钙碱性I型花岗岩。  相似文献   

基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

常军  孙利民  张启伟 《地震工程与工程振动》2008,28(3):47-51

基于振动的结构健康监测的前提是从振动测试信号中提取结构模态参数。随机子空间方法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辨识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应信号中提取结构模态参数。在随机子空间识别方法中,确定系统的阶数是该方法的关键工作,稳定图方法是一种比较新颖的确定系统阶次的方法。但是随机子空间方法容易产生虚假模态,这也是随机子空间方法的一个主要缺陷。因此针对于这一缺陷提出了一种基于两阶段稳定图的随机子空间识别结构模态参数方法,该方法的基本思想是将在现场采集的结构的输出信号进行分段,将各段信号用随机子空间结合稳定图进行识别,然后将所有各段所识别的模态参数再一次用稳定图方法进行分析,得出结构的模态参数。最后用一三跨连续梁的数值模型对该方法进行验证,结果表明该方法具有良好的识别效果。  相似文献   

地学知识可视化概念特征与研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王伟星  龚建华 《地理与地理信息科学》2009,25(4)

地学知识可视化是将知识可视化研究的理论、技术、方法引入地学研究领域,形成一个新的研究方向。通过分析地学知识可视化国内外研究现状,在总结其研究特点的基础上,对地学知识可视化的定义进行阐述,讨论其概念特征、理论基础以及表达方法,并对其应用研究现状与发展趋势进行概括总结。  相似文献   

New stellar and substellar candidate members of the Coma Berenices open star cluster     

S. L. Casewell  R. F. Jameson  P. D. Dobbie 《Astronomische Nachrichten》2005,326(10):991-995

We present the results of a survey of the open star cluster Melotte 111 in Coma Berenices, undertaken using the USNO‐B1.0 and 2MASS Point Source catalogues. On the basis of their astrometric and photometric properties, we have identified 60 new candidate members with masses in the range 1.007 < M < 0.269 M_⊙. We estimate a membership probability for each by extracting control clusters from the proper motion vector diagram. All 60 are found to have greater than 60 per cent probability of being cluster members, which if they are confirmed as members, more than doubles the number of known cluster members. We also have I and Z photometry for 100 low mass candidate members of the cluster, 13 of which we suggest may be brown dwarfs. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)  相似文献   

Computing Lippmann Diagrams from Direct Calculation of Mixing Properties of Solid Solutions: Application to the Barite-Celestite System     

M. Prieto  A. Fernández-González  U. Becker  A. Putnis 《Aquatic Geochemistry》2000,6(2):133-146

The Lippmann diagram for the system(Ba, Sr)SO₄-H₂O was computed at 25 °Cby determining the solid-phase activity coefficientsfrom first principles calculations. Directcalculations of the mixing properties of thebarite-celestite series indicate this solid solutionbehaves as non-ideal and non-regular. At 25 °C,the enthalpy of mixing shows a minimum around 50 mole% SrSO₄ due to an ordering tendency. Thefree energy of mixing shows two minima that delimit awide and symmetric miscibility gap (from 2.1 to 97.9 mole% SrSO₄) at this temperature. The excessfree energy of mixing requires a Guggenheim expansionseries of 5 terms to be described, where the termswith odd exponents are null as a consequence of thesymmetric distribution of the mixing properties withcomposition. The Lippmann diagram shows a peritecticpoint that corresponds to the composition of an aqueoussolution which is simultaneously at equilibrium withthe two extremes of the miscibility gap. The largedifference between the solubility products of theendmembers involves a strong preferential partitioningof the less soluble endmember towards the solid phase,which explains the extremely Ba-poor composition ofthe aqueous solution (aqueous activity fraction forBa²⁺ = 0.000446 ) at the peritectic point.  相似文献   

一种锚固力无损检测设备     

朱国维  彭苏萍  王怀秀  王鹤龄 《煤田地质与勘探》2002,30(6):54-57

设计制作了一套通过适时监测与分析锚杆受力后的力与位移关系曲线,并加以智能判别和预警,来实现锚杆极限锚固力无损检测的设备。实际应用证明,该设备既能准确测定锚固体系的极限锚固力,又不会破坏锚杆结构体系。   相似文献   

考虑荷载工况组合的盾构衬砌横向受力分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

官林星  朱合华  于宁 《岩土力学》2004,25(8):1302-1306

在盾构隧道衬砌受力分析中需要按最不利的荷载组合方式进行验算,这无疑加大了工程设计人员的工作量。正是基于这种状况,提出了考虑荷载工况组合的衬砌受力分析。首先建立了盾构隧道衬砌的结构分析模型,根据施工过程对荷载进行分类,依据规范对不同的工况进行荷载组合,得到衬砌内力包络图。并编制相应的计算程序进行了验证,对一典型盾构隧道截面进行了实例分析。  相似文献   

织金矿区龙潭组砂岩的粒度特征及其环境意义     

黄昔容  陶述平 《中国煤田地质》2000,12(1):16-18

论述了贵州省织金矿区龙潭组砂岩粒度特征,分析了矿区含煤地层的沉积环境.  相似文献   

宁蒗6.2级地震活动异常动态演变图像与序列主要特征     

刘翔 《高原地震》2000,(3)

:1 998年 1 1月 1 9日云南宁蒗发生了 6.2级地震 ,根据震前震源区及周围地区中小地震活动异常图像 ,分析研究了在区域应力场作用下 ,震源区介质由稳定状态进入非稳定状态过程地震活动异常动态演变特征。同时 ,根据序列参数 h、b值的动态变化 ,给出序列异常变化特征。主要特征为 :1 .地震孕育中期阶段 ,3级以上地震活动主要分布在震源外围地区 ,震源区高度平静 ;地震孕育发展至短期阶段 ,震源外围地震活动消失 ,震源周围地震活动迅速增强 ,且随着地震的逼近 ,地震活动逐渐向震源区收缩 ;至短临阶段 ,孕震区出现显著的小震群活动。 2 .宁蒗 6.2级地震在其 5.3级前震前 ,震群发育 ,震群参数 h值小于 1 .0 ,且随着地震的逼近 ,震群参数 h值逐渐减少、b值逐渐增大。 3 .5.2级前震和6.2级主震前 ,序列参数 h值均出现明显快速减小的动态异常过程。此外 ,5.3、5.2级前震后 ,其 2级以上余震衰减迅速 ,且余震又少又小。  相似文献