PM10 Observed at a Meteorological Station in Beijing: Historical Trend and Implications     

南雪景  林伟立  贺晓雷  雷勇  安德里·梅隆 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2022,28(2):207-217

Inhalable particles(PM₁₀), with aerodynamic equivalent diameters that are generally 10 micrometers or smaller, are basic pollutants in many areas, especially in northern China, and thus the pollution from PM₁₀inhalable particulate matter is a growing concern for public health. Independent long-term observations are necessary to evaluate the efficacy of PM₁₀reduction actions. Variations in the PM₁₀concentration from 2006 to 2017 at an observation statio...  相似文献   

冈底斯中段南缘成矿远景预测及找矿方向     

王少怀  裴荣富 《矿床地质》2007,26(3):346-352

冈底斯中段南缘矿集区位于西藏南部扎囊—桑日之间,面积约1500km2。该区已发现大小铜金矿床(点)近20处,累计铜金属资源量达200多万吨。文章从金属成矿省“景”、“场”、“相”、“床”4个等级体制出发,阐述了该矿集区在印-亚陆陆碰撞“陆内汇聚-地壳分层加厚-重力均衡调整”的高原隆升过程中的成矿作用。指出区内存在着与碰撞挤压、流体迁移汇聚有关的层控铜矿床,后碰撞伸展环境中的矽卡岩铜矿床和斑岩型铜矿床3种矿床类型。利用成矿的背景构造、“成矿构造聚敛场”的控矿构造和“行、列、汇”的成矿构造,即按“构造的构造”(tectonic-structure)或称构造成因(tectonicgenesis)观点分析了成矿远景,并指明了找矿方向。  相似文献   

柘林湾近岸水产养殖区水域叶绿素a浓度反演     

潘翠红  夏丽华  吴志峰  王猛  解学通  王芳 《热带海洋学报》2021,40(1):142-153

海水养殖已成为近海水体环境的重要污染源, 叶绿素a作为水体浮游植物生物量的一个重要参数, 是水质评价的重要指标。本文以广东省柘林湾为研究区域, 采用2018年9月4日的哨兵2号(Sentinel-2)影像与海水养殖区水体中实测的叶绿素a浓度数据构建了叶绿素a浓度的单波段模型、比值模型、三波段模型与归一化叶绿素a指数模型(Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index, NDCI)等估算模型; 通过对比评价, 以反演精度高的模型估算了2018年多个月份的叶绿素a浓度, 并分析其分布特征。结果显示: 1) NDCI模型的反演精度明显高于其他模型, 其可决系数R²为0.8, 均方根误差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)为9.7, 平均绝对百分比误差(Mean Absolute Percentage Error, MAPE)为0.99; 利用实测数据对NDCI模型的时间适用性进行检验, 表明NDCI模型能有效地估算出叶绿素a浓度的空间分布特征。2) 叶绿素a浓度呈现出从近岸向湾外逐步降低的趋势, 养殖区中叶绿素a浓度的总体趋势为池塘养殖区>滩涂插养区>网箱养殖区>浮筏养殖区; 受到水体交换、降雨及养殖活动的影响, 池塘养殖区中的叶绿素a浓度在投放幼苗期的2月最低, 其变化趋势为2月<4月<6月<12月。本文的研究结果可为相关部门对柘林湾养殖水体的环境监测提供参考。  相似文献   

Modelling suspended sediment concentration using artificial neural networks for Gangotri glacier          下载免费PDF全文

Rajesh Joshi  Kireet Kumar  Vijay Pal Singh Adhikari 《水文研究》2016,30(9):1354-1366

The dynamics of suspended sediment involves inherent non‐linearity and complexity because of existence of both spatial variability of the basin characteristics and temporal climatic patterns. This complexity, therefore, leads to inaccurate prediction by the conventional sediment rating curve (SRC) and other empirical methods. Over past few decades, artificial neural networks (ANNs) have emerged as one of the advanced modelling techniques capable of addressing inherent non‐linearity in the hydrological processes. In the present study, feed‐forward back propagation (FFBP) algorithm of ANNs is used to model stage–discharge–suspended sediment relationship for ablation season (May–September) for melt runoff released from Gangotri glacier, one of the largest glaciers in Himalaya. The simulations have been carried out on primary data of suspended sediment concentration (SSC) discharge and stage for ablation season of 11‐year period (1999–2009). Combinations of different input vectors (viz. stage, discharge and SSC) for present and previous days are considered for development of the ANN models and examining the effects of input vectors. Further, based on model performance indices for training and testing phase, a suitable modelling approach with appropriate model input structure is suggested. The conventional SRC method is also used for modelling discharge–sediment relationship and performance of developed models is evaluated by statistical indices, namely; root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and coefficient of determination (R²). Statistically, the performance of ANN‐based models is found to be superior as compared to SRC method in terms of the selected performance indices in simulating the daily SSC. The study reveals suitability of ANN approach for simulation and estimation of daily SSC in glacier melt runoff and, therefore, opens new avenues of research for application of hybrid soft computing models in glacier hydrology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Phosphorus export dynamics and hydrobiogeochemical controls across gradients of scale,topography and human impact          下载免费PDF全文

Genevieve Ali  Henry Wilson  Jane Elliott  Amber Penner  Aminul Haque  Cody Ross  Maliheh Rabie 《水文研究》2017,31(18):3130-3145

Concentration‐discharge (c‐Q) plots are routinely used as an integrated signal of watershed response to infer solute sources and travel pathways. However, the interpretation of c‐Q data can be difficult unless these data are fitted using statistical models. Such models are frequently applied for geogenic solutes, but it is unclear to what extent they might aid in the investigation of nutrient export patterns, particularly for total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) which is a critical driver of downstream eutrophication problems. The goal of the present study was therefore to statistically model c‐Q relations (where c is TDP concentrations) in a set of contrasting watersheds in the Northern Great Plains—ranging in size from 0.2 to 1000+ km²—to assess the controls of landscape properties on TDP transport dynamics. Six statistical models were fitted to c‐Q data, notably (a) one linear model, (b) one model assuming that c‐Q relations are driven by the mixing of end‐member waters from different landscape locations (i.e., hydrograph separation), (c) one model relying on a biogeochemical stationarity hypothesis (i.e., power law), (d) one model hypothesizing that c‐Q relations change as a function of the solute subsurface contact time (i.e., hyperbolic model), and (e) two models assuming that solute fluxes are mostly dependent on reaction rates (i.e., chemical models). Model performance ranged from mediocre (R² < 0.2) to very good (R² > 0.9), but the hydrograph separation model seemed most universal. No watershed was found to exhibit chemostatic behaviour, but many showed signs of dilution or enrichment behaviour. A tendency toward a multi‐model fit and better model performance was observed for watersheds with moderate slope and higher effective drainage area. The relatively poor model performance obtained outside these conditions illustrates the likely importance of controls on TDP concentrations in the region that are independent of flow dynamics.  相似文献   

硝酸银络合法浓缩金枪鱼鱼油多不饱和脂肪酸的研究   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  

刘卓华  刘书成  田树良  洪鹏志  章超桦 《广东海洋大学学报》2004,24(4):33-37

以金枪鱼鱼油混合脂肪酸为材料 ,利用硝酸银络合法浓缩其中的多不饱和脂肪酸 (PU FA) ,主要考察了搅拌时间和硝酸银浓度对产品得率和EPA和DHA含量的影响 ,并测定了产品的理化指标和脂肪酸组成。研究结果表明 :搅拌时间为 6 0min ,硝酸银浓度为 4mol/L时得到的产品得率为 18.0 3% ,浓缩产品中的EPA和DHA的质量分数分别为 9.78%和 86 .0 7% ,总质量分数达95 .85 % ,过氧化值为 7.35mmol/kg ,碘值 2 6 0 8.9g/kg。  相似文献   

我国土壤中结合态硒的含量和分布规律   总被引：18，自引：3，他引：15  

侯少范  王五一 《地理研究》1990,9(4):17-25

本文提出并建立了Jackson法系统分离土壤中不同形态硒的实验程序,研究了我国几种土壤表层(0—20cm)中硒的结合形态及其地理分布规律,并对植物可利用性作了评价。  相似文献   

Rapid late-glacial atmospheric CO2 changes reconstructed from the stomatal density record of fossil leaves     

David J. Beerling  Hilary H. Birks  F. Ian Woodward 《第四纪科学杂志》1995,10(4):379-384

The Younger Dryas stadial (11 000-10 000 yr BP) was an abrupt return to a glacial climate during the termination of the last glaciation. We have reconstructed atmospheric CO₂ concentrations from a high-resolution sequence of fossil Salix herbacea leaves through this climatic oscillation from Kråkenes, western Norway, using the relationship between leaf stomatal density and atmospheric CO₂ concentration. High Allerød CO₂ values (median 273 ppmv) decreased rapidly during 130–200 ¹⁴C-years of the late Allerød to ca. 210 ppmv at the start of the Younger Dryas. They then increased steadily through the Younger Dryas, reaching typical interglacial values once more (ca. 275 ppmv) in the Holocene. The rapid late Allerød decrease in CO₂ concentration preceded the Younger Dryas temperature drop, possibly by several decades. This striking pattern of changes has not so far been recorded unambiguously in temporally coarse measurements of atmospheric CO₂ from ice cores. Our observed late-glacial CO₂ changes have implications for global modelling of the ocean-atmosphere-biosphere over the last glacial-interglacial transition.  相似文献   

黄淮海平原河流的纵剖面凹度特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

许炯心 《地理学报》1990,45(3):331-340

本文以黄淮海平原为例,对于冲积河流纵剖面凹度的形成机理及其与不同河型的关系,进行了初步探讨。  相似文献   

Coring artifacts and contaminant inventories in lake sediment     

M. Stephenson  J. Klaverkamp  M. Motycka  C. Baron  W. Schwartz 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1996,15(1):99-106

Sediments of Lake 382, Experimental Lakes Area, Canada, were sampled at six sites using a 5-cm Wildco KB core sampler (KB), a similar device incorporating a ball check valve (BC), and a 0.2 m by 1.2 m flat-faced aluminum freeze core sampler (FC). Cores were sectioned at 1-cm intervals to a depth of 15 cm. Contaminant (²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs) concentrations (Bq g^-1) were measured by gamma spectroscopy, and inventories (Bq cm^-2) were calculated following standard methods. Sediments collected using FC, BC and KB had similar contaminant concentrations, however, cores collected by FC and BC had lower estimated inventories than KB cores. Differences between estimates appear to be caused by differences in the water content (WC) of core material. Laboratory studies confirm that FC sediments have higher WC than tube-cored sediment. We hypothesize that ice crystal formation increases the WC of freeze cores, resulting in lower contaminant inventories. Loss of surficial sediment caused by a bow wave may have a similar effect on BC samples. We conclude that KB core gear is appropriate for sampling sediments to measure contaminant concentrations and inventories in recently deposited sediments.  相似文献