柴达木盆地构造分区及其油气远景   总被引：15，自引：10，他引：15  

戴俊生  叶兴树  汤良杰  金之钧  邵文斌  胡勇  张兵山 《地质科学》2003,38(3):291-296

基于对柴达木盆地构造特征和构造演化的研究,主要依据基底性质和起伏、地层展布、构造变形强度、盆地演化特征、断裂和山脉的分割性和含油气系统的分布等将柴达木盆地划分为北部块断带、茫崖坳陷、三湖坳陷和德令哈坳陷 4个一级单元和 21个二级单元。依据烃源岩的分布、生储盖组合和构造圈闭发育程度等,按Ⅰ类有利区带、Ⅱ类较有利区带和Ⅲ类远景区带对各二级构造单元进行了含油气远景评价。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地第四纪环境演变、构造变形与青藏高原隆升的关系   总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17  

朱筱敏  康安  韩德馨  王延斌  康强 《地质科学》2003,38(3):367-376

青藏高原北部柴达木盆地发育了巨厚的第四纪河湖相沉积。盆内沉积地层强烈的构造变形以及湖盆环境突变进一步证实了青藏高原经历了多期挤压隆升运动。沉积环境、介形虫和植物孢粉化石及磁性地层研究表明,自距今 2.5Ma以来,青藏高原共经历了距今2.52～2.28Ma,1.94～1.66Ma,1.38～1.1Ma,0.71～0.5Ma和 0.24～0.09Ma 5次强烈的隆升阶段,分别对应于青藏运动B幕和C幕、昆黄运动A幕和B幕以及共和运动。高原内、外 9个盆地的构造—沉积记录对比研究也进一步揭示了青藏高原隆起的整体性和阶段性。  相似文献   

GPS测量技术在锡山市地面沉降研究中的应用   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王晓梅  齐丽云  于军 《工程地质学报》2003,11(2):169-172

通常研究认为, 苏锡常地区超量开采地下水是产生地面沉降最主要的因素之一。锡山市地下水开采十分强烈, 其地面沉降灾害也最为严重。为了有效地分析研究地面沉降的发生发展过程, 必须获取一定时间间隔内的地面沉降实测值, 全球定位系统 (GPS)就是一种既经济又高效的测量手段。本文在简要介绍了锡山市地质、水文地质及地下水开发利用情况的基础上, 重点阐述了运用GPS测量技术对锡山市地面沉降进行首次实测的情况, 并对其测量结果进行了系统分析, 最后对锡山市地面沉降的发展历史和现状进行了初步讨论。  相似文献   

Biot固结理论在地面沉降计算中的应用   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

陈杰  朱国荣  顾阿明  王彩会 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(2):28-31

在回顾地面沉降研究现状的基础上,提出采用Biot固结理论进行由降水形成的渗流场与应力场的耦合分析,并运用二维Biot固结平面有限元程序计算因开采地下水而引起的地面沉降问题,最后通过工程实例验证了该方法的可行性。  相似文献   

Structure and evolution of an obliquely sheared continental margin: Rio Muni, West Africa   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Jonathan P. Turner  Bruce R. Rosendahl  Paul G. Wilson 《Tectonophysics》2003,374(1-2):41-55

Oblique-shear margins are divergent continental terrains whose breakup and early drift evolution are characterized by significant obliquity in the plate divergence vector relative to the strike of the margin. We focus on the Rio Muni margin, equatorial West Africa, where the ca. 70-km-wide Ascension Fracture Zone (AFZ) exhibits oblique–slip faulting and synrift half-graben formation that accommodated oblique extension during the period leading up to and immediately following whole lithosphere failure and continental breakup (ca. 117 Ma). Oblique extension is recorded also by strike–slip and oblique–slip fault geometry within the AFZ, and buckling of Aptian synrift rocks in response to block rotation and local transpression. Rio Muni shares basic characteristics of both rifted and transform margins, the end members of a spectrum of continental margin kinematics. At transform margins, continental breakup and the onset of oceanic spreading (drifting) are separate episodes recorded by discrete breakup and drift unconformities. Oceanic opening will proceed immediately following breakup on a rifted margin, whereas transform and oblique-shear margins may experience several tens of millennia between breakup and drift. Noncoeval breakup and drift have important consequences for the fit of the equatorial South American and African margins because, in reconstructing the configuration of conjugate continental margins at the time of their breakup, it cannot be assumed that highly segmented margins like the South Atlantic will match each other at their ocean–continent boundaries (OCBs). Well known ‘misfits’ in reconstructions of South Atlantic continental margins may be accounted for by differential timing of breakup and drifting between oblique-shear margins and their adjacent rifted segments.  相似文献   

Tectonic wedging along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary prism     

Wu-Cheng Chi  Donald L. Reed  Greg Moore  Tuan Nguyen  Char-Shine Liu  Neil Lundberg 《Tectonophysics》2003,374(3-4):199-217

The structural geometry, kinematics and density structure along the rear of the offshore Taiwan accretionary prism were studied using seismic reflection profiling and gravity modeling. Deformation between the offshore prism and forearc basin at the point of incipient collision, and southward into the region of subduction, has been interpreted as a tectonic wedge, similar to those observed along the front of mountain ranges. This tectonic wedge is bounded by an east-dipping roof thrust and a blind, west-dipping floor thrust. An east-dipping sequence of forearc-basin strata in the hanging wall of the roof thrust reaches a thickness in excess of 4 km near the tip of the interpreted tectonic wedge. Section restoration of the roof sequence yields an estimate of 4 km of shortening, which is small compared with that inferred in the collision area to the north, based on the variation in distance between the apex of the prism and the island arc.Previous studies propose that either high-angle normal faulting or backfolding has exhumed the metamorphic rocks along the eastern flank of the Central Range in the collision zone on land. To better constrain the initial crustal configuration, we tested 350 crustal models to fit the free-air gravity anomaly data in the offshore region to study the density structure along the rear of the accretionary prism in the subduction and initial collision zones before the structures become more complex in the collision zone on land. The gravity anomaly, observed in the region of subduction (20.2°N), can be modeled with the arc basement forming a trenchward-dipping backstop that is overlain by materials with densities in the range of sedimentary rocks. Near the point of incipient collision (20.9°N), however, the free-air gravity anomaly over the rear of the prism is approximately 40 mgal higher, compared with the region of subduction, and requires a significant component of high density crustal rocks within the tectonic wedge. These results suggest that the forearc basement may be deformed along the rear of the prism, associated with the onset of collision, but not in the subduction region further to the south.  相似文献   

中国蛇绿岩的分布、时代及其形成环境   总被引：23，自引：22，他引：23  

张旗  周国庆等 《岩石学报》2003,19(1):1-8

中国蛇绿岩分布很广，主要在中国的西部，西南部和北部，中部和南部较少，蛇绿岩形成的时代可分为元古宙，早古生代、晚古生代和中－新生代四个时期，中国元古宙蛇绿岩分布零星。星生宙蛇绿岩主要分布在古亚洲洋，秦祁昆洋，古特提斯洋，新特提斯洋和和环太平洋等5个区域，古亚洲洋蛇绿岩位于塔里木和华北地块之北的中国北方，秦祁昆洋位于塔里木、华北和扬子地块之间，古特提斯洋和新特提斯洋位于中国的西南地区，环太平洋带有东北和台湾的蛇绿岩，中国蛇绿岩的地和玻安岩产出，指示产于消减带之上的构造环境，在这些蛇绿岩中也有MORB产出，可能是弧后盆地环境的，也可能有正常大洋岩石圈碎片的残留。古特提斯蛇绿岩MORB发育，而减少与消减作用有关的岩石组（IAT和玻安岩），推测形成在陆间洋盆环境。  相似文献   

Late Pliocene–recent tectonic setting for the Tianchi volcanic zone, Changbai Mountains, northeast China     

Yu Wang  Chunfeng Li  Haiquan Wei  Xinjian Shan 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2003,21(10):1159

Mafic volcanic rocks have erupted in the Tianchi volcanic zone, Changbai Mountains, northeast China, since late Pliocene time. The zone formed in an extensional environment during early-middle Cenozoic time, and in a compressional environment during late Cenozoic. Crustal thickness (about 40 km) in the Changbai Mountains is larger than the regional average of 34–36 km to the northwest and southeast. The conduit for magma upwelling was not coincident with the NE-striking regional faults, but seem to be confined to a deep-seated NW–WNW-striking fault zone. Since the late Pliocene, the Tianchi volcanic zone was subjected to crustal uplift within an intracontinental, weakly compressional environment (with minor WNW–ESE shearing) related to the westward subduction of the West Pacific plate. The nature of this volcanism is not typical of active, subduction-related continental margin volcanism. The magmatic evolutionary process evolved from trachybasalt through basaltic trachyandesite, trachyte, and pantellerite.  相似文献   

Lithofacies and palaeosol analysis of the Middle and Upper Siwalik Groups (Plio–Pleistocene), Haripur-Kolar section, Himachal Pradesh, India     

J. V. Thomas  B. Parkash  R. Mohindra   《Sedimentary Geology》2002,150(3-4):343-366

The Middle–Upper Siwalik Groups (Plio–Pleistocene) are exposed at Haripur-Kolar, Himachal Pradesh, India. The succession is 2800-m thick and has been subdivided into Unit M1 of the Middle Siwalik and four units U1–U4 of the Upper Siwalik Group, on the basis of facies associations, and type and degree of development of palaeosols. The available magnetostratigraphic ages for bases of Units U1, U3 and U4 are 5.5, 2.6 and 1.77 Ma, respectively. The top of the section has been dated as 19 ka.

Lithofacies association and palaeocurrent analysis indicates that the Middle and Upper Siwalik Groups were formed mainly by a basin transverse fluvial system. Two types of river systems, which differ in their size, can be documented in Unit-M1, Unit U1 and Unit-U2: one trunk river system similar to the modern Kosi and the other smaller river system, which formed tributaries to the former. The large rivers were mainly braided in nature. The Unit U3 and lower part of Unit U4 were deposited in the piedmont depositional system mainly by small braided streams and the upper part of the Unit U4 was deposited during a period of arid climate by sediment gravity-flows.

Integration of fluvial lithofacies and pedofacies helps to identify two fluvial depositional systems from the modern Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Lowland System involved deposition on alluvial megafans and interfan areas, which resulted in sand-rich and mud-rich sequences with weekly developed soils. The Upland System allowed large tracts to act as high ground for thousands of years, thereby giving rise to sandstone poor intervals with moderately to strongly developed soils. Occurrence of moderately to strongly developed soils was controlled by uplifting and tilting of large tectonic blocks, without any relation to distance from the main channels. Rate of subsidence apparently controlled the occurrence of Lowland and Upland systems. Deposition of the Unit M1, Unit U1 and Unit U2 took place under Upland and Lowland systems, very similar to those identified from the modern Indo-Gangetic Plains. The warm and humid climate between 5.3 and 2.6 Ma led to the formation of red Alfisols with calcrete nodules at places. Slightly cooler and drier climate starting at about 2.6 Ma and approximately coinciding with the onset of global-scale glaciation, produced poorly developed yellow soil with common development of nodular calcretic horizon and calcitc material disseminated in the groundmass. At ca. 0.9 Ma, a probable significant change to still drier and cooler climate produced typical sediment gravity-flows in the piedmont system, that continued until at least up to 19 ka.  相似文献   

Evaporite Dissolution Subsidence in the Historical City of Calatayud,Spain: Damage Appraisal and Prevention   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

Gutiérrez  Francisco  Cooper  Anthony H. 《Natural Hazards》2002,25(3):259-288

Calatayud in NE Spain is an historically important city built on recent alluvial deposits underlain by gypsum and other soluble rocks. Since its foundation by the Muslims in 716 A.D., the city development has been strongly influenced by geohazards including flooding, subsidence and slope movements. Most of the flooding problems have been mitigated by diversion of the local drainage. However, dissolution of the evaporite bedrock in the urban areas continually causes subsidence and triggers rock-falls from the gypsum cliffs overlooking the city. Subsidence is also caused by the hydrocollapse of gypsiferous silt in the alluvial fan deposits. Building damage in the city was surveyed using a classification scheme developed originally to record damage in British coal mining areas. The Calatayud damage survey shows that the worst building subsidence is concentrated along the line of a buried channel that runs underneath the gypsiferous silt alluvial fan. Natural subsurface drainage causes the dissolution and subsidence, which is aggravated by leakage from water and sewage pipes. Some building damage has been exacerbated during reconstruction by incomplete piling leaving buildings partially unsupported. Mitigation measures include the control of water leakage by the installation of flexible service pipes. Careful construction techniques are needed for both conservation and new developments, especially when piled and minipiled foundations are used. Geomorphological mapping is cost-effective in helping to locate and avoid the zones of subsidence for future development.  相似文献