利用任意时刻AVHRR资料近似估计区域地表温度日较差的试验   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

刘晶淼  丁裕国等 《南京气象学院学报》2001,24(3):323-329

根据表征土壤温度日变化的土温方程一阶近似解，提出一种利用一日中任意时刻NOAA－AVHRR图像数据估计地表温度日较差的简易推算方法。该方法尤其可用于反演土壤含水量的计算，当图像数据的时次与热惯量法所要求的最高、最低温度时次配不准的情况下，近似地估计地表温度日较差，进而计算地表热惯量及相应的土壤含水量。用实例验证了该方法的可行性，为进一步推广应用奠定基础。  相似文献   

经验正交函数在解释数值预报产品中的应用     

贾朝阳 《山西气象》2001,104(4):8-10

本文用经验正交函数展开的分析方法，确定了各种数值预报产品物理场中和对应时效的运城日降水量显著相关的物理量要素及关键区域，对关键区域的物理量场使用典型相关分析进行处理，得到了数量较少，而又能代表该关键区物理量分布状况主要信息的新因子，从而建立使用数值预报产品制作短期单站降水预报模式，进行预报效果较好。  相似文献   

一种插值相似方法作温度预测的应用研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

张万诚  解明恩等 《气象科学》2001,21(2):241-245

将插值方法运用到短期气象预测中，其基本原理是按照相似原理将产生相似结果来作预报。对云南昆明等四站温度进行了九年定性和定量预报检验，结果表明：这种方法具有良好的预报能力，可以作要素预报应用。  相似文献   

实测天然气扩散系数在地层条件下的校正   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

付广  张云峰  陈昕  薛永超 《地球科学进展》2001,16(4):484-489

在研究天然气在地下岩石中扩散机理及扩散系数测试方法的基础上，指出了实测天然气扩散系数与地层条件下的差异，利用实测饱和水和干样条件下人造石英粉砂岩的扩散系数值的比值与其物性之间的关系，利用爱因斯坦方程产实测天然气扩散系数的饱和介质转换和温度校正方法，该方法的实际应用表明，校正结果符合地质规律，表明该校正方法是可行的。  相似文献   

温度对复分解法制硝酸钾生产过程的影响          下载免费PDF全文

赵启文 《盐湖研究》2001,9(3):43-45

探讨以硝酸铵和氯化钾为原料、复分解法制硝酸钾工艺中 ,配料、硝酸钾结晶、氯化铵结晶等处操作温度对产量、质量、操作时间等的影响  相似文献   

硫化物矿物溶解度与溶液pH值的关系   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

贾建业  兰斌明  谢先德  吴大清  汤艳杰  王燕  王建成 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2001,31(3):241-246

硫化物作为自然界常见的一大类矿物 ,由于溶解度很小 ,硫化物对水pH值的影响以及水对它的溶解度影响往往被人们所忽视。通过计算常见硫化物矿物的自由能ΔG0f、溶度积Ksp和溶解度S、绘制logS—pH曲线 ,得出硫化物矿物在不同 pH值条件下的溶解规律 ,水溶液的pH值受硫化物矿物的控制 ;反过来 ,水溶液的pH值也影响着矿物溶解度的大小。此外 ,对硫化物矿物饱和溶液的缓冲范围、缓冲容量和硫化物与溶液pH值相互作用的机理进行了探讨  相似文献   

滇西泥盆纪——三叠纪盆—山转换过程与特提斯构造演化   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

谭富文  潘桂棠  王剑 《矿物岩石》2001,21(3):179-185

滇西地区以昌宁－连缝合带为古特提斯主洋闭合的位置。晚古生代－中生代时期古特提斯经历了一次盆转山和山控盆演变序列的全过程，可大致划分为4个发展阶段：（1）洋盆扩张阶段（D－C2）。古特提斯洋西侧的保山地块属冈瓦纳古陆的东缘，为非火山型被动大陆边缘；东侧的思茅地块属扬子地块的西缘部分，为火山型被动大陆边缘。（2）洋－陆汇阶段（C3－P2）。昌宁－孟连洋向东俯冲消减，思茅地区转化为弧后扩张盆地；墨江一带形成弧后扩张洋盆，思茅地块从扬子西缘分离。（3）弧－陆碰撞阶段（T1－T3），古特提斯主洋及分支洋盆相继关闭，全区发生大规模的造山升隆，前期的盆转山过程转入山控盆阶段，在哀牢山两侧分别形成了受造山作用控制的兰坪－思茅弧后前陆盆地和楚雄周缘前陆盆地。（4）陆－陆碰撞阶段（J1－K），滇西前陆盆地向陆内拗陷盆地转变，造山带的控盆作用结束。  相似文献   

Climate induced temperature effects on growth performance, fecundity and recruitment in marine fish: developing a hypothesis for cause and effect relationships in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and common eelpout (Zoarces viviparus)     

H. O. Prtner  B. Berdal  R. Blust  O. Brix  A. Colosimo  B. De Wachter  A. Giuliani  T. Johansen  T. Fischer  R. Knust  G. Lannig  G. Naevdal  A. Nedenes  G. Nyhammer  F. J. Sartoris  I. Serendero  P. Sirabella  S. Thorkildsen  M. Zakhartsev 《Continental Shelf Research》2001,21(18-19)

Effects of global warming on animal distribution and performance become visible in many marine ecosystems. The present study was designed to develop a concept for a cause and effect understanding with respect to temperature changes and to explain ecological findings based on physiological processes. The concept is based on a wide comparison of invertebrate and fish species with a special focus on recent data obtained in two model species of fish. These fish species are both characterized by northern and southern distribution limits in the North Atlantic: eelpout (Zoarces viviparus), as a typical non-migrating inhabitant of the coastal zone and the cod (Gadus morhua), as a typical inhabitant of the continental shelf with a high importance for fisheries.Mathematical modelling demonstrates a clear significant correlation between climate induced temperature fluctuations and the recruitment of cod stocks. Growth performance in cod is optimal at temperatures close to 10°C, regardless of the population investigated in a latitudinal cline. However, temperature specific growth rates decrease at higher latitudes. Also, fecundity is less in White Sea than in North and Baltic Sea cod or eelpout populations. These findings suggest that a cold-induced shift in energy budget occurs which is unfavorable for growth performance and fecundity. Thermal tolerance limits shift depending on latitude and are characterized by oxygen limitation at both low or high temperatures. Oxygen supply to tissues is optimized at low temperature by a shift in hemoglobin isoforms and oxygen binding properties to lower affinities and higher unloading potential. Protective stimulation of heat shock protein synthesis was not observed.According to a recent model of thermal tolerance the downward shift of tolerance limits during cold adaptation is associated with rising mitochondrial densities and, thus, aerobic capacity and performance in the cold, especially in eurythermal species. At the same time the costs of mitochondrial maintenance reflected by mitochondrial proton leakage should rise leaving a lower energy fraction for growth and reproduction. The preliminary conclusion can be drawn that warming will cause a northern shift of distribution limits for both species with a rise in growth performance and fecundity larger than expected from the Q₁₀ effect in the north and lower growth or even extinction of the species in the south. Such a shift may heavily affect fishing activities in the North Sea.  相似文献   

Electronic absorption spectra of Fe2+ ions in oxygen-based rock-forming minerals at temperatures between 297 and 600 K     

M. N. Taran  K. Langer 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2001,28(3):199-210

 Polarized electronic single crystal spectra of natural Fe²⁺ ion-bearing oxygen-based minerals, in which ferrous ions enter octahedral sites of different symmetry and distortion (olivine, cordierite, ortho- and clinopyroxene, amphibole), eightfold sites in garnet (almandine) and clinopyroxene (M2), and tetrahedral sites in spinel, were studied at temperatures from 300 to ca. 600 K. In the minerals studied, the spin-allowed bands of Fe²⁺ display rather variable temperature behaviour. In most cases, due to the thermal expansion of the Fe²⁺-bearing polyhedra, bands shift to lower energies upon increasing temperature, though there are some exceptions to this rule: in cases of other than sixfold octahedral or close to octahedral coordination, in almandine and spinel the bands shift to higher energies, which can be explained by an increase in distortions of the Fe²⁺-bearing polyhedra. Splitting of the excited ⁵ E _g-level of Fe²⁺ ions usually, but not always, increases with temperature, reflecting thermally induced increase in distortion of the Fe²⁺-bearing sites in the minerals studied. Integral intensities of the bands in question do not always obey the general rule, according to which intensity should increase with temperature, when the 3d ^N-centred site is centrosymmetric, or should remain unchanged when the 3d ^N site lacks an inversion centre. The experimental results show that the response of the characteristics of absorption bands such as width, intensity and energy caused by dd transitions of Fe²⁺ in oxygen-based minerals to increasing temperature is not always uniform and is at variance with expectation. This temperature dependence cannot be used directly to solve band assignment problems, as earlier proposed in the literature. Received: 22 December 1999 / Accepted: 30 October 2000  相似文献   

西北区东部寒潮天气短期预报   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高凤荣  王锡稳  冀兰芝  缪雒  张静 《干旱气象》1996,(3)

分析了西北区东部寒潮短期预报的气候概况和环流特征，对不同类型寒潮个例进行归纳总结，组合成预报规则，建立了短期寒潮预报模式，输入计算机得出有无寒潮天气预报  相似文献