金沙江水网各观测井温度梯度的精细测量结果及其分析     

车用太  何案华  鱼金子  刘成龙  李万明 《中国地震研究》2012,26(1):59-72

Fine measurements have been conducted to temperatures and their gradients of six wells of the Jinsha River Groundwater Observational Network.The results show that the influence depths of sun radiation heat are 50m to 125m,average temperature gradients in the wells range from 0.11 to 2.81℃/hm and most are 1～2℃/hm,and the temperature gradients on varied depth sections of one well are highly changeable.Lithology of strata and their integrity,particularly high-angle crashed fault zones,have imposed major effects on the influence depths of sun radiation heat and temperature gradients of the wells.The micro dynamic characteristics of water temperature,such as coseismic effects,tidal effects and anomalies of the wells prior to earthquakes,probably depend,to a large degree,on the temperature gradients of the depths at which the water temperature sensors are settled.  相似文献   

气温变化对唐山地震台跨断层形变观测的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄建平  石耀霖  孙玉军  李文静 《中国地震》2012,28(2):222-230

利用三维热一弹性模型有限元方法,模拟了唐山地震台及其周边地区在地表温度呈不同幅度的周期性变化的情况下,对台站短基线观测的影响,并对由于地表温度变化产生的应变进行了估算.计算结果表明,由于温度差异造成的观测桩距离的年变化幅度达到2mm左右,这与目前台站观测数据的年变化幅度基本一致,表明台站观测数据包含了温度的重要影响.另外,台站各基线桩的位移序列相对于温度变化滞后了1 ～1.5个月的时间.同时发现,台站短基线各测段的实际观测数据存在着同步的趋势性变化,这不是稳定年变化的温度变化能解释的,因此这种趋势变化可能与局部应力场调整或者断层活动有关.  相似文献   

1960～2010年四川最高、最低气温的非对称性变化特征     

赵静  陈超  周斌 《高原山地气象研究》2012,32(3):42-45

本文利用四川138个气象站点1960~2010年的气温资料,分析了四川地区年均最高、最低气温及日较差的时空变化特征。结果表明:1960~2010年四川年均最高、最低气温在时间变化上呈非对称性升温,年均最高气温和最低气温的气候倾向率分别为0.131℃/10a和0.185℃/10a,后者增温幅度约为前者的1.4倍。年均最高、最低气温气候倾向率在空间分布上多数地区也呈非对称现象,年均最高、最低气温在西部高原地区升温较快,但最低气温的升温速率明显高于最高气温,这导致气温日较差在高原西部地区下降幅度较大。年均最高气温在1980年代最低,2000年代达到最高;年均最低气温在1960年代最低,2000年代最高;年均气温日较差在1960年代最大,1980年代最小。年均最高、最低气温分别在1996年和1993年发生转变,年均气温日较差分别在1973年和2005年发生了转变,年均最高、最低气温气候倾向率的不同及转变年的不一致导致气温日较差在转变年上的不一致。   相似文献   

温度、光照及仔鱼个体大小对稚海蜇(Rhopilema esculentum)捕食褐牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus) 仔鱼的影响     

曹亮  于鑫  刘金虎  南鸥  窦硕增 《海洋与湖沼》2012,43(3):520-526

利用实验生态学方法,研究温度(15、19和23℃)、光照(明和暗)、仔鱼大小[全长(3.01±0.08)mm初孵仔鱼和(3.79±0.13)mm孵化后5天仔鱼]对稚海蜇[伞径(21.1±0.4)mm]捕食褐牙鲆仔鱼的影响。结果表明,稚海蜇对初孵仔鱼的捕食率随着水温升高而显著升高。光照条件在各仔鱼密度(10,30,50和80ind/L)下均不显著影响稚海蜇对初孵仔鱼的捕食率,说明光条件并不显著改善稚海蜇捕食仔鱼的能力。在高仔鱼密度(50和80ind/L)下,稚海蜇对孵化后5天仔鱼的捕食率显著低于对初孵仔鱼的捕食率;但在低密度(10和30ind/L)下,稚海蜇对两个不同发育阶段仔鱼的捕食率之间无显著差异。在低仔鱼密度下,稚海蜇对仔鱼的捕食率较低,这会降低仔鱼个体大小对稚海蜇捕食率作用的显著性。这既表明仔鱼逃避被稚海蜇捕食的能力随其发育生长而提高,也反映了稚海蜇对不同个体大小仔鱼捕食作用受仔鱼密度制约。  相似文献   

浮式钻井平台钻具卡点深度计算分析     

渠有源  王孝山 《海洋地质译丛》2012,(2):95-97

自升式平台的转盘面相对井眼是固定不变的,而浮式平台受风浪潮涌等影响,相对井筒上下浮动,尤其是在钻具卡钻时超拉或钻具下压相当于平台载荷瞬间改变,平台会上下起伏,这样在超拉计算卡点时测量钻柱伸长量和实际卡点深度相差甚远。为了消除因平台上下浮动的影响,根据物理学原理详细阐述了浮式平台卡点深度超拉计算方法。此方法能较准确的计算出浮式平台卡钻时钻柱卡点,在计算卡点深度上有很好的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

Local variability in temperature, humidity and radiation in the BaekduDaegan Mountain protected area of Korea   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

CHAE Heemun  LEE Hyunju  LEE Sangsin  CHEONG Yukyong  UM Gijeung  MARK Bryan  PATRICK Nathan 《山地科学学报》2012,9(5):613-627

A novel embedded sensor network records changes in key climatic-environmental variables over a range of altitude in the BaekduDaegan Mountain (BDM) of Gangwon Province in Korea, a protected mountain region with unique biodiversity undergoing climate change research. The investigated area is subdivided into three horizontal north-south study areas. Three variables, temperature (T, ℃), relative humidity (RH, %), and light intensity (LI, lumens m -2 , or lux, lx), have been continuously measured at hourly intervals from June, 2010 to September, 2011 using HOBO H8 devices at 10 fixed study sites. These hourly observations are aggregated to monthly, seasonal and annual mean values, and results are summarized to inaugurate a long-term climate change investigation. A region wide T difference in accordance with altitude, or lapse rate, over the interval is calculated as 0.4℃100 m -1 . T lapse rates change seasonally, with winter lapse rates being greater than those of summer. RH is elevated in summer compared to other seasons. LI within forestland is lower during summer and higher during other seasons. The obtained results could closely relate to the vegetation type and structure and the terrain state since data loggers were located in forestland.  相似文献   

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杨霞  李建成 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(2):143-147

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列车运行振动对地铁隧道沉降监测系统的影响分析     

杨江  姜丹 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(Z1):149-152

地铁隧道沉降监测系统主要用于自动、实时、连续的监测隧道沉降.通过振动干扰导入,利用环境模拟方法对系统进行了响应测试.实验结果表明列车运行时产生的振动干扰在系统监测允许误差范围内.  相似文献   

浆固碎石桩成桩注浆渗透影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

温世清  刘汉龙  陈育民 《地震学刊》2012,(2):158-163

浆固碎石桩作为一种新型软土地基处理技术,其主要通过注浆改善桩体的加固效果,同时通过浆体渗透来改善桩周土体的物理力学性质,从而减小浆固碎石桩复合地基沉降。针对浆体对桩周土体的渗透作用,按照平面轴对称问题,推导出注浆渗透影响范围的计算方法和浆固区压缩模量计算公式,并通过室内模型试验研究,验证了浆固区压缩模量计算公式的正确性。随后,利用数值计算分析,对浆固区影响范围进行量化分析,并通过数值拟合得到了考虑注浆渗透影响的桩体等效半径计算公式。所得结果对工程设计具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

Influences of Environmental and Operational Factors on Dark Fermentative Hydrogen Production: A Review     

Parviz Mohammadi  Shaliza Ibrahim  Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar  Shahin Ghafari  Sabaratnam Vikineswary  Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(11):1297-1305

Hydrogen (H₂) is one of renewable energy sources known for its non‐polluting and environmentally friendly nature, as its end combustion product is water (H₂O). The biological production of H₂ is a less energy intensive alternative where processes can be operated at ambient temperature and pressure. Dark fermentation by bacterial biomass is one of multitude of approaches to produce hydrogen which is known as the cleanest renewable energy and is thus receiving increasing attention worldwide. The present study briefly reviews the biohydrogen production process with special attention on the effects of several environmental and operational factors towards the process. Factors such as organic loading rate, hydraulic retention time, temperature, and pH studied in published reports were compared and their influences are discussed in this work. This review highlights the variations in examined operating ranges for the factors as well as their reported optimum values. Divergent values observed for the environmental/operational factors merit further exploration in this field.  相似文献