New age constraints for the maximum extent of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet (NW sector)     

J. D. Everest  T. Bradwell  M. Stoker  S. Dewey 《第四纪科学杂志》2013,28(1):2-7

This paper presents the first terrestrial age constraints from the outer continental shelf for the maximum extent of the NW sector of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet. Cosmogenic ¹⁰Be ages from eight glacially transported boulders on the island of North Rona show that the Late Devensian (Late Weichselian) British–Irish Ice Sheet overrode the island at its maximal stage and retreated c. 25 ka BP. These new dates, supported by other geological evidence, indicate that the north‐western part of the ice sheet was most extensive between 27 and 25 ka BP, reaching the outer continental shelf during the global eustatic sea‐level minimum at the Last Glacial Maximum. Copyright © 2012 British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2012. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

腾冲地块晚白垩世-古近纪富锡花岗岩成因:岩浆源区及分异演化条件SCIEI北大核心CSCD     

崔晓琳  张琦玮  吴华英  宋志杰  张慧娟  戴荔果 《岩石学报》2022,38(1):253-266

腾冲地块锡成矿作用主要与晚白垩世-古近纪岩浆活动相关,但仅矿区花岗岩体具有较高的锡含量(平均25×10^(-6)),区域上同时代的非成矿花岗岩体并未发生锡的富集。本文通过搜集分析现有研究数据,总结了富锡成矿岩体和区域非成矿岩体在岩浆源区、演化条件和结晶分异程度的异同:区域非成矿岩体锆石ε_(Hf)(t)值(-15.1~+3.39)表明,自东北向西南幔源物质加入有升高的趋势,但区域玄武岩中低含量的Sn(1.61×10^(-6))表明幔源物质混入不利于岩浆中锡的富集。晚白垩世部分非成矿岩体与成矿岩体具有相同ε_(Hf)(t)(-9.7)值,表明其皆源于古老地壳物质的部分熔融,但岩体均表现为准铝质-弱过铝质特征,且锆石Hf同位素(t_(DM2)=1724Ma)和全岩Nd同位素(t_(DM2)=1836Ma)二阶段模式年龄基本一致,因此其源区可能并非富锡的高黎贡山群变质沉积岩,而可能是其中未经风化的变质花岗岩。根据腾冲地块地层厚度(28km)和莫霍面深度(47~35km)推断岩浆源区至少位于地下30km(8.4kbar),由于仅靠地温梯度(25℃/km)无法达到初始熔融温度(>1066℃),源区部分熔融过程很可能受地幔热的影响。根据Fe_(2)O_(3)/FeO比值,非成矿岩体(0.59)与成矿岩体(0.48)均具有较低的氧逸度,属钛铁矿系列,但成矿岩体的结晶分异程度明显高于非成矿岩体,且成矿岩体富含挥发分,高含量的挥发分降低了岩浆固结温度(650~550℃),延长了结晶分异时间,促进了锡在晚期岩浆中的富集。因此腾冲地块富锡花岗岩主要是普通岩浆在低氧逸度环境下发生高度结晶分异的结果。  相似文献   

Petrogenesis of the Early Jurassic Longtang and Menglong Peraluminous Granites in Tengchong Terrane, and their Tectonic Implication     

WANG Guochang  LIU Zheng  TAN Shucheng  HE Xiaohu  WANG Yuchao  QI Changshi  YE Hui 《《地质学报》英文版》2022,96(6):1979-1990

A comprehensive study of zircon U-Pb geochronology, in situ Hf isotopes, whole-rock major and trace element geochemistry, and Nd isotopes was carried out for two Early Jurassic two-mica granites (Longtang and Menglong) in the southern part of the Tengchong terrane, which is in the northern part of the larger Sibumasu terrane. We assess the origin of the granites and explore their possible genetic relationship to the Paleo-Tethyan regime. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating shows that they were simultaneously emplaced in the Early Jurassic (ca. 199 Ma). They have SiO2 contents of 69.7–75.1 wt% and are mainly strongly peraluminous with alumina saturation index (ASI) values ranging from 1.06 to 1.46. They show similar Mg# (0.29–0.42) to experimental partial melts of metasedimentary rocks under continental pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions. They are enriched in light rare earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs), with moderately negative Eu anomalies and flat HREEs patterns. They show negative εNd(t) values (?9.0 to –12.4) and εHf(t) values (?8.0 to ?9.1). Elemental and isotopic data suggest that they most likely to formed by muscovite-dehydration melting of a metapelitic source at lower temperatures in the range of 700°C to 750°C. The granites might represent a post-collisional tectonic setting response to Paleo-Tethyan regime.  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of Cretaceous–Eocene granites,Tengchong Block (SW China): Petrogenesis and implications for Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Eastern Tethys     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(2):101338

The Early Cretaceous–Early Eocene granitoids in the Tengchong Block record the evolutionary history of the Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-magmatic evolution of Eastern Tethys. (a) The Early Cretaceous granitoids with relatively low (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7090–0.7169 and ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.8 to ?7.8 display metaluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by I-type granite affinity and hybrid mantle–crust geochemical signatures. They may have been derived from melting of the subducted Meso-Tethyan Bangong-Nujiang oceanic crust with terrigenous sediments in an arc-continent collisional setting. (b) The Late Cretaceous–Paleocene granitoids with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.7109–0.7627, and ε_Nd(t) values of ?12.1 to ?7.9 exhibit metaluminous to peraluminous, calc-alkaline dominated by S-type granite affinity and hybrid Lower–Upper crust geochemical signatures, which may be originated from partial melting of the Meso-Proterozoic continental crust in the collision setting between the Tengchong Block and Baoshan Block. (c) The Early Eocene granitoids have metaluminous, calc-alkaline I-type and S-type granites dual affinity, with relatively high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ratios of 0.711–0.736, ε_Nd(t) values of ?9.4 to ?4.7, showing crust-mantle mixing geochemical signatures. They may have been originated from partial melting of the late Meso-Proterozoic upper crustal components mixed with some upper mantle material during the ascent process of mantle magma caused by the subduction of the Neo-Tethyan Putao–Myitkyian oceanic crust, and collision between the Western Burma Block and the Tengchong Block. It is these multi-stage subductions and collisions that caused the spatial and temporal distribution of the granitic rocks in the Tengchong Block.  相似文献   

Timing,pace and controls on ice sheet retreat: an introduction to the BRITICE-CHRONO transect reconstructions of the British–Irish Ice Sheet     

Chris D. Clark  Richard C. Chiverrell  Derek Fabel  Richard C. A. Hindmarsh  Colm Ó Cofaigh  James D. Scourse 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):673-680

Motivated to help improve the robustness of predictions of sea level rise, the BRITICE-CHRONO project advanced knowledge of the former British–Irish Ice Sheet, from 31 to 15 ka, so that it can be used as a data-rich environment to improve ice sheet modelling. The project comprised over 40 palaeoglaciologists, covering expertise in terrestrial and marine geology and geomorphology, geochronometric dating and the modelling of ice sheets and oceans. A systematic and directed campaign, organised across eight transects from the continental shelf edge to a short distance (10s of kilometres) onshore, was used to collect 914 samples which yielded 639 new ages, tripling the number of dated sites constraining the timing and rates of change of the collapsing ice sheet. This special issue synthesises these findings of ice advancing to the maximum extent and its subsequent retreat for each of the eight transects to produce definitive palaeogeographic reconstructions of ice margin positions across the marine to terrestrial transition. These results are used to understand the controls that drove or modulated ice sheet retreat. A further paper reports on how ice sheet modelling experiments and empirical data can be used in combination, and another probes the glaciological meaning of ice-rafted debris.  相似文献   

Exploring the extent to which fluctuations in ice-rafted debris reflect mass changes in the source ice sheet: a model–observation comparison using the last British–Irish Ice Sheet     

David J. Wilton  Grant R. Bigg  James D. Scourse  Jeremy C. Ely  Chris D. Clark 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):934-945

The British and Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) was highly dynamic during the Late Quaternary, with considerable regional differences in the timing and extent of its change. This was reflected in equally variable offshore ice-rafted debris (IRD) records. Here we reconcile these two records using the FRUGAL intermediate complexity iceberg–climate model, with varying BIIS catchment-level iceberg fluxes, to simulate change in IRD origin and magnitude along the western European margin at 1000-year time steps during the height of the last BIIS glaciation (31–6 ka bp ). This modelled IRD variability is compared with existing IRD records from the deep ocean at five cores along this margin. There is general agreement of the temporal and spatial IRD variability between observations and model through this period. The Porcupine Bank off northwestern Ireland was confirmed by the modelling as a major dividing line between sites possessing exclusively northern or southern source regions for offshore IRD. During Heinrich events 1 and 2, the cores show evidence of a proportion of North American IRD, more particularly to the south of the British Isles. Modelling supports this southern bias for likely Heinrich impact, but also suggests North American IRD will only reach the British margin in unusual circumstances.  相似文献   

Timing and pace of ice-sheet withdrawal across the marine–terrestrial transition west of Ireland during the last glaciation     

Colm Ó Cofaigh  S. Louise Callard  David H. Roberts  Richard C. Chiverrell  C. K. Ballantyne  David J. A. Evans  Margot Saher  Katrien J. J. Van Landeghem  Rachel Smedley  Sara Benetti  Matthew Burke  Chris D. Clark  Geoff A. T. Duller  Derek Fabel  Stephen J. Livingstone  Stephen Mccarron  Alicia Medialdea  Steven G. Moreton  Fabio Sacchetti 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(5):805-832

Understanding the pace and drivers of marine-based ice-sheet retreat relies upon the integration of numerical ice-sheet models with observations from contemporary polar ice sheets and well-constrained palaeo-glaciological reconstructions. This paper provides a reconstruction of the retreat of the last British–Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) from the Atlantic shelf west of Ireland during and following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). It uses marine-geophysical data and sediment cores dated by radiocarbon, combined with terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide and optically stimulated luminescence dating of onshore ice-marginal landforms, to reconstruct the timing and rate of ice-sheet retreat from the continental shelf and across the adjoining coastline of Ireland, thus including the switch from a marine- to a terrestrially-based ice-sheet margin. Seafloor bathymetric data in the form of moraines and grounding-zone wedges on the continental shelf record an extensive ice sheet west of Ireland during the LGM which advanced to the outer shelf. This interpretation is supported by the presence of dated subglacial tills and overridden glacimarine sediments from across the Porcupine Bank, a westwards extension of the Irish continental shelf. The ice sheet was grounded on the outer shelf at ~26.8 ka cal bp with initial retreat underway by 25.9 ka cal bp. Retreat was not a continuous process but was punctuated by marginal oscillations until ~24.3 ka cal bp. The ice sheet thereafter retreated to the mid-shelf where it formed a large grounding-zone complex at ~23.7 ka cal bp. This retreat occurred in a glacimarine environment. The Aran Islands on the inner continental shelf were ice-free by ~19.5 ka bp and the ice sheet had become largely terrestrially based by 17.3 ka bp. This suggests that the Aran Islands acted to stabilize and slow overall ice-sheet retreat once the BIIS margin had reached the inner shelf. Our results constrain the timing of initial retreat of the BIIS from the outer shelf west of Ireland to the period of minimum global eustatic sea level. Initial retreat was driven, at least in part, by glacio-isostatically induced, high relative sea level. Net rates of ice-sheet retreat across the shelf were slow (62–19 m a⁻¹) and reduced (8 m a⁻¹) as the ice sheet vacated the inner shelf and moved onshore. A picture therefore emerges of an extensive BIIS on the Atlantic shelf west of Ireland, in which early, oscillatory retreat was followed by slow episodic retreat which decelerated further as the ice margin became terrestrially based. More broadly, this demonstrates the importance of localized controls, in particular bed topography, on modulating the retreat of marine-based sectors of ice sheets.  相似文献   

2013和2012年夏季格陵兰岛冰盖表面融化对比及可能的影响机理分析     

陈志强  刘骥平  范广洲  胡永云 《大气科学》2015,39(4):757-766

本文重点分析了2013年夏季格陵兰冰盖表面的融化特征, 并将2013年与2012年融化极值年的异常进行对比, 探讨二者之间存在的动力和热力差异及其对冰盖表面融化的影响和机制。结果表明:2013年夏季格陵兰冰盖表面最大融化范围仅为44%, 远小于2012年的97%, 持续的时间也比2012年短20天左右, 平均的融化面积和持续时间都接近气候平均态。2013年夏季大气环流异常与2012年近乎完全相反, 格陵兰及附近海域为低压异常, 500 hPa位势高度场为负异常, 大气环流和2012年相比更具有纬向型。格陵兰岛的北部和南部出现气旋异常, 有利于输送北极的冷空气到格陵兰岛, 不仅降低了夏季格陵兰冰盖表面的平均温度, 而且也减少了格陵兰高温事件发生的频率。同时, 2013年夏季格陵兰表面向下的辐射通量异常分布大体上呈西南—东北走向, 不同于 2012年的南北分布。尽管从分布上看, 总的向下辐射通量以正的短波分量为主, 但是长短波分量相互抵消使得 2013年夏季总的向下辐射通量接近气候平均态, 这使得辐射对冰盖表面温度的影响不明显。大气环流的动力和表面辐射收支的热力共同作用导致2013年夏季格陵兰冰盖表面融化经历了相对缓和的一年。  相似文献   

Dome A冰川学研究进展及深冰芯计划展望   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

唐学远  孙波  李院生  崔祥斌  李鑫 《极地研究》2012,24(1):77-86

目前,位于东南极冰盖分冰岭中心的冰穹-Dome A已成为深入理解南极冰盖演化、稳定性和找寻地球气候久远记录的研究热点。通过整理总结在Dome A获得的冰川学研究进展,结合国际冰芯科学研究计划(International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences,简称IPICS)有关寻找最古老冰芯的相关资料,对Dome A的气象要素、地貌、冰厚、冰下地形、冰体流速、冰盖内部结构等环境特征进行归纳分析,讨论Dome A冰川学的最新发展及其对深冰芯钻探计划的影响,并分析概述Dome A深冰芯钻探需考虑的问题和未来发展动向。  相似文献   

腾冲地热区高温热泉水中稀土元素特征   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

肖昌浩  王庆飞  周兴志  杨立强  张静 《岩石学报》2010,26(6):1938-1944

腾冲地热区位于印度-欧亚板块碰撞带东北缘,构造和岩浆活动频繁,地热作用明显,热泉广泛分布,是现代热泉研究的天然实验室。热泉水中的稀土元素特征是指示浅层水岩反应的重要指标。由于热泉水中稀土元素含量较低且变化范围大,腾冲地区热泉水稀土元素组成的报道比较罕见。本文尝试研究了腾冲高温热泉水中稀土元素组成特征,并与美国内华达州贝奥沃韦地热田和加利福尼亚希伯地热田热泉水的稀土元素特征进行了对比。本文选取腾冲地区的高温热泉,应用ICP-MS,测试了热泉水中稀土元素。分析结果表明热泉水中稀土元素含量相对较低且变化范围较大,其变化范围为球粒陨石的10-5～10-2倍。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化配分模式整体为轻微右倾型或平坦型,显示轻重稀土分异不明显;δEu既有正异常也有负异常;各热泉点热泉水稀土配分模式之间存在差异。虽然腾冲地热区热泉水的REE含量比美国贝奥沃韦地热田和希伯地热田热泉水的高10倍,两者之间的稀土元素分布特征具有一致性。热泉水中的δEu负异常为深循环的大气降水与具有负铕异常火山岩水岩反应的结果,正铕异常可能是由快速上返的大气降水与蒸发岩中的石膏反应导致。  相似文献