应用GPS数据和Slepian基函数反演川云渝地区陆地水储量变化     

成帅  袁林果  姜中山  刘中冠  张迪  徐小凤 《地球物理学报》2021,64(4):1167-1180

局部Slepian函数是将局部区域内的地球物理信号转化为空间谱的一种方法,其可以保证在球面上局部范围内获得最优谱平滑解,非常适用于局部范围地球物理信号的研究.本文利用中国陆态网西南地区72个测站的连续GPS观测资料分析川云渝地区陆地水负荷形变特征,并基于Slepian函数方法解算60阶的空间谱基函数,结合弹性质量负荷理论研究了川云渝地区2011年至2015年陆地水储量变化的时空分布模式.针对Slepian函数的边界效应问题,本文使用GLDAS格网数据计算得到站点处垂直负荷位移时间序列,然后利用该位移数据来进行水储量变化恢复实验,结果表明当边界扩充为3°时能较好地恢复GLDAS模型输出的陆地水储量变化.通过对比区域内GPS、GRACE、GLDAS得到的等效水高以及降雨数据,发现季节性降水是陆地水变化的一个重要驱动因子,GPS反演结果与GRACE和GLDAS数据具有较强的空间一致性.云南地区周年变化要强于川渝地区,其中云南西部的山区陆地水变化最大,约为30 cm,最小为川北以及重庆地区仅为7 cm.相较于GPS反演结果,GRACE与GLDAS明显低估了陆地水储量的季节性变化,分别达到24%和47%.比较分析地区内平均等效水高时间序列的相位发现,GPS得到的陆地水变化与降雨数据一致性较好,而GRACE与GLDAS存在一到两个月左右的时延.同时GPS能较好的探测出2015年1月左右南方地区大范围的强降水,而GRACE与GLDAS并没有体现出该现象,说明GPS能更为灵敏地探测到局部地区陆地水的变化.在站点等效水高时间序列上,GPS与GRACE的相关性总体上要优于GPS与GLDAS,陆地水周年变化较大的云南和四川西部地区站点三种数据间相关性较好,而其他季节性信号不明显的地区则相关性较差.本文的研究表明运用GPS-Slepian方法能够独立地监测高时空分辨率的陆地水储量变化,是作为当前补充GRACE观测资料空缺期的有益尝试.  相似文献   

A history of the global understanding of the Earth     

《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2014,346(11-12):275-278

The author contributes to the development of a history of the global understanding of the Earth. He summarizes the main steps in the knowledge of the Earth's interior from antiquity to the present time and draws some lessons from this history.  相似文献   

A Review on Submarine Groundwater Discharge     

Liu Huatai  Guo Zhanrong 《地球科学进展》2014,29(7):774-785

Submarine Groundwater Discharge(SGD), an important part of global water cycle, is recently recognized as a research highlight on the land ocean interaction in the coastal zone. Firstly, This paper analyzes the components and driving force of SGD, and summarizes the main estimating methods of SGD and its individual strengths and weaknesses. Secondly, the paper describes the important role of SGD in transporting dissolved mass into the costal ocean and significant impacts on the ecological environment of costal ocean, and through analyzing the biogeochemical process in the mixing zone of fresh salt water, indicates the important position of subterranean estuary in studying submarine groundwater discharge. Finally, the paper points out the major problems currently existing in SGD research, then presents the future research direction.  相似文献   

气候变化对中国北方荒漠草原植被的影响   总被引：70，自引：2，他引：70  

李晓兵  陈云浩  张云霞  范一大  周涛  谢锋 《地球科学进展》2002,17(2):254-261

气候变化对陆地生态系统的影响及其反馈是全球变化研究的焦点之一。利用气候变量实现对遥感植被指数所表示的植被绿度信息的模拟，可以尝试作为表达生物圈过去和未来状态的一种途径。利用1961-2000年的气温、降水和1983-1999年的NOAA/AVHRR资料，分析了中国北方地带性植被类型荒漠草原植被分布区的短尺度气候的年际和季节变化，及其对植被的影响。结果表明，过去40年中该区域年际气候变化表现为增温和降水波动。年NDVI的最大值（NDVI_max）可以较好地反映气候的变化，过去17年中NDVI_max出现的时间略有提前。综合分析NDVI、植被盖度、NPP、区域蒸散量、土壤含水量及其气候的年际变化，表明增温加剧了土壤干旱化，降水和土壤含水量仍是制约本区植被生长的根本原因。  相似文献   

空间大地测量测定板块运动新进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赖锡安  徐菊生  王庆廷  张国安 《地球科学进展》2002,17(4):576-581

主要阐述利用空间大地测量测定和研究板块运动的研究成果及最新进展，并与地质学方法进行了比较，结果表明空间大地测量方法测定板块运动由单一手段发展为多种手段的综合，最新的研究是利用ITRF₉₆、ITRF₉₇地球参考架的站坐标及速率建立新的板块运动模型，这些模型和相同时期的地质模型，整体上一致但仍存在着差异。对于太平洋板块所有大地测量测定的运动速率均大于地质学模型，极位置的经度也有系统偏差。  相似文献   

岩石热导率的温压实验及分析   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

赵永信  杨淑贞 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(1):104-113

岩石热导率是岩石热物性中最主要者，是研究地壳和上地幔热结构、地球深部热状态以及各种工程岩体内空气与围岩之间热交换的重要参数，该参数的测定不但是大地热流测量的重要内容之一，也是矿山采掘、石油开发和地热能利用不可缺少的工作。本文简要介绍了利用环形热源法在不同温压条件下对岩石热导率的测试和研究。文中不但介绍了测量原理和测量装置结构，并给出了不同岩性岩石在室温至１８０℃、常压至２２ＭＰａ状态下的测量结果，  相似文献   

Comment on “Constraints on the source of lunar cataclysm impactors” (Cuk et al., 2010, Icarus 207, 590-594)     

Renu Malhotra  Robert G. Strom 《Icarus》2011,216(1):359-362

Cuk et al. (Cuk, M., Gladman, B.J., Stewart, S.T. [2010]. Icarus 207, 590-594) argue that the projectiles bombarding the Moon at the time of the so-called lunar cataclysm could not have been mainbelt asteroids ejected by purely gravitational means, in contradiction with a conclusion that was reached by Strom et al. (Strom, R.G., Malhotra, R., Ito, T., Yoshida, F., Kring, D.A. [2005]. Science 309, 1847-1850). We demonstrate that Cuk et al.’s argument is erroneous because, contrary to their arguments, the lunar highlands do register the cataclysm impacts, lunar class 1 craters do not represent the size distribution of the cataclysm craters, and the crater size distributions on the late-forming basins are quite similar to those of the highlands craters, albeit at a lower number density due to the rapid decline of the impact flux during the cataclysm.  相似文献   

How common are Earth-Moon planetary systems?     

S. Elser  J. Stadel 《Icarus》2011,214(2):357-365

The Earth’s comparatively massive moon, formed via a giant impact on the proto-Earth, has played an important role in the development of life on our planet, both in the history and strength of the ocean tides and in stabilizing the chaotic spin of our planet. Here we show that massive moons orbiting terrestrial planets are not rare. A large set of simulations by Morishima et al. (Morishima, R., Stadel, J., Moore, B. [2010]. Icarus. 207, 517-535), where Earth-like planets in the habitable zone form, provides the raw simulation data for our study. We use limits on the collision parameters that may guarantee the formation of a circumplanetary disk after a protoplanet collision that could form a satellite and study the collision history and the long term evolution of the satellites qualitatively. In addition, we estimate and quantify the uncertainties in each step of our study. We find that giant impacts with the required energy and orbital parameters for producing a binary planetary system do occur with more than 1 in 12 terrestrial planets hosting a massive moon, with a low-end estimate of 1 in 45 and a high-end estimate of 1 in 4.  相似文献   

The martian mesosphere as revealed by CO₂ cloud observations and General Circulation Modeling     

Francisco González-Galindo  Anni Määttänen  François Forget  Aymeric Spiga 《Icarus》2011,216(1):10-22

Different missions have observed mesospheric clouds on Mars in the last years. The presence of these clouds implies, among other conditions, mesospheric temperatures below CO₂ condensation temperature. We use a General Circulation Model to study the mesospheric temperatures and compare the observed distribution of the mesospheric clouds and the predicted climatology of mesospheric temperatures. Although the model does not usually predict temperatures below condensation for daytime conditions, in some regions the predicted temperatures are close enough to condensation that perturbations caused by small scale processes could produce local excursions below condensation. The location and time of the lowest temperatures predicted by the GCM correspond to a first order with the two observed populations of mesospheric clouds: equatorial clouds observed before and after the Northern summer solstice, and mid-latitude clouds observed around the Northern winter solstice. For the equatorial clouds season, the model predicts temperatures close to condensation at the longitude, latitude, altitude and local time where they have been observed. We find that the diurnal migrating thermal tide and non-migrating tides are at the root of the spatial confinement of the equatorial clouds. For the mid-latitude clouds season, the temperatures predicted by the model at the location of the observed clouds is too high. Stereo observations by two different instruments allow for the determination of the zonal speed of these clouds producing a rare dataset of mesospheric winds. We compare the mesospheric zonal winds predicted by the model with these observations, finding a good agreement, although in some cases the observed variability exceeds that predicted by the model.  相似文献   

Accurate 3D comparison of complex topography with terrestrial laser scanner: Application to the Rangitikei canyon (N-Z)     

《ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing》2013

Surveying techniques such as terrestrial laser scanner have recently been used to measure surface changes via 3D point cloud (PC) comparison. Two types of approaches have been pursued: 3D tracking of homologous parts of the surface to compute a displacement field, and distance calculation between two point clouds when homologous parts cannot be defined. This study deals with the second approach, typical of natural surfaces altered by erosion, sedimentation or vegetation between surveys. Current comparison methods are based on a closest point distance or require at least one of the PC to be meshed with severe limitations when surfaces present roughness elements at all scales. To solve these issues, we introduce a new algorithm performing a direct comparison of point clouds in 3D. The method has two steps: (1) surface normal estimation and orientation in 3D at a scale consistent with the local surface roughness; (2) measurement of the mean surface change along the normal direction with explicit calculation of a local confidence interval. Comparison with existing methods demonstrates the higher accuracy of our approach, as well as an easier workflow due to the absence of surface meshing or Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. Application of the method in a rapidly eroding, meandering bedrock river (Rangitikei River canyon) illustrates its ability to handle 3D differences in complex situations (flat and vertical surfaces on the same scene), to reduce uncertainty related to point cloud roughness by local averaging and to generate 3D maps of uncertainty levels. We also demonstrate that for high precision survey scanners, the total error budget on change detection is dominated by the point clouds registration error and the surface roughness. Combined with mm-range local georeferencing of the point clouds, levels of detection down to 6 mm (defined at 95% confidence) can be routinely attained in situ over ranges of 50 m. We provide evidence for the self-affine behaviour of different surfaces. We show how this impacts the calculation of normal vectors and demonstrate the scaling behaviour of the level of change detection. The algorithm has been implemented in a freely available open source software package. It operates in complex 3D cases and can also be used as a simpler and more robust alternative to DEM differencing for the 2D cases.  相似文献