Surface exposure dating of the Veliki vrh rock avalanche in Slovenia associated with the 1348 earthquake     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2014

Over 30 samples from bedrock and boulders from the Veliki vrh rock avalanche have been collected for surface exposure dating. The limestone rocks have been radiochemically treated to isolate and determine long-lived ³⁶Cl by accelerator mass spectrometry. It could be shown that the Veliki vrh rock avalanche from the Košuta Mountain (Slovenia) event can be very likely linked to one of the major historical earthquakes in Europe happening on the 25^th of January 1348. Taken into account independently determined denudation rates, inherited ³⁶Cl originating from pre-exposure at shallow depths (20–55 m) could be calculated. The high amount of inherited ³⁶Cl, i.e. 17–46% of the total ³⁶Cl, makes this site not suitable for a precise determination of the ³⁶Cl production rate as it was originally anticipated. Veliki vrh is a “classic” rock avalanche of high velocity. The slope failed in the upper part with a translational slide predominantly along the bedding planes, whereas dynamic fragmentation is the cause for further crushing of the material and the long runout.  相似文献   

A study of the properties of a local dust storm with Mars Express OMEGA and PFS data     

A. Määttänen  T. Fouchet  O. Forni  H. Savijärvi  R. Melchiorri  Y. Langevin  M. Giuranna 《Icarus》2009,201(2):504-516

We present observations of a local dust storm performed by the OMEGA and PFS instruments aboard Mars Express. OMEGA observations are used to retrieve the dust single-scattering albedo in the spectral range 0.4-4.0 μm. The single-scattering albedo shows fairly constant values between 0.6 and 2.6 μm, and a sharp decrease at wavelengths shorter than 0.6 μm, in agreement with previous studies. It presents a small absorption feature due to ferric oxide at 0.9 μm, and a strong absorption feature due to hydrated minerals between 2.7 and 3.6 μm. We use a statistical method, the Independent Component Analysis, to determine that the dust spectral signature is decoupled from the surface albedo, proving that the retrieval of the single-scattering albedo is reliable, and we map the dust optical thickness with a conventional radiative transfer model. The effect of the dust storm on the atmospheric thermal structure is measured using PFS observations. We also simulate the thermal impact of the dust storm using a one-dimensional atmospheric model. A comparison of the retrieved and modeled temperature structures suggests that the dust in the storm should be confined to the 1-2 lowest scale heights of the atmosphere. However, the observed OMEGA reflectance in the CO₂ absorption bands does not support this suggestion.  相似文献   

高精度国际地球参考框架的研究进展     

余新平  谭凯  赵斌  王东振  余建胜 《测绘通报》2017,(9):6-10

针对地球动力学等对毫米级国际地球参考框架的需求,介绍了国际地球参考框架的最新研究进展,探讨了现今顾及测站非线性运动的国际地球参考框架的局限性,并在毫米级国际地球参考框架建立的方法和技术改进方面提出了一些见解,对高精度国际地球参考框架的实现具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

Accommodation of lithospheric shortening on Mercury from altimetric profiles of ridges and lobate scarps measured during MESSENGER flybys 1 and 2     

Maria T. Zuber  Laurent G.J. Montési  Steven A. Hauck II  Roger J. Phillips  David E. Smith  James W. Head III  Thomas R. Watters 《Icarus》2010,209(1):247-255

The Mercury Laser Altimeter on the NASA MESSENGER mission has ranged to several ridges and lobate scarps during two equatorial flybys of the planet Mercury. The tectonic features sampled, like others documented by spacecraft imaging and Earth-based radar, are spatially isolated and have vertical relief in excess of 1 km. The profiles also indicate that the faulting associated with their formation penetrated to tens of kilometers depth into the lithosphere and accommodated substantial shortening. To gain insight into the mechanism(s) of strain accommodation across these structures, we perform analytical and numerical modeling of representative dynamic localization mechanisms. We find that ductile localization due to shear heating is not favored, given our current understanding of thermal gradients and shallow thermal structure of Mercury at the time of ridge and scarp formation, and is likely to be of secondary importance at best. Brittle localization, associated with loss of resistance during fault development or with velocity weakening during sliding on mature faults, is weakly localizing but permits slip to accumulate over geological time scales. The range of shallow thermal gradients that produce isolated faults rather than distributed fault sets under the assumption of modest fault weakening is consistent with previous models for Mercury’s early global thermal history. To be consistent with strain rates predicted from thermal history models and the amount of shortening required to account for the underlying large-offset faults, ridges and scarps on Mercury likely developed over geologically substantial time spans.  相似文献   

Making the Earth: Combining dynamics and chemistry in the Solar System     

Jade C. Bond  Dante S. Lauretta 《Icarus》2010,205(2):321-19170

No terrestrial planet formation simulation completed to date has considered the detailed chemical composition of the planets produced. While many have considered possible water contents and late veneer compositions, none have examined the bulk elemental abundances of the planets produced as an important check of formation models. Here we report on the first study of this type. Bulk elemental abundances based on disk equilibrium studies have been determined for the simulated terrestrial planets of O’Brien et al. [O’Brien, D.P., Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., 2006. Icarus 184, 39-58]. These abundances are in excellent agreement with observed planetary values, indicating that the models of O’Brien et al. [O’Brien, D.P., Morbidelli, A., Levison, H.F., 2006. Icarus 184, 39-58] are successfully producing planets comparable to those of the Solar System in terms of both their dynamical and chemical properties. Significant amounts of water are accreted in the present simulations, implying that the terrestrial planets form “wet” and do not need significant water delivery from other sources. Under the assumption of equilibrium controlled chemistry, the biogenic species N and C still need to be delivered to the Earth as they are not accreted in significant proportions during the formation process. Negligible solar photospheric pollution is produced by the planetary formation process. Assuming similar levels of pollution in other planetary systems, this in turn implies that the high metallicity trend observed in extrasolar planetary systems is in fact primordial.  相似文献   

基于地面激光扫描技术的矿区地形图更新     

石强  邵振峰  杜志强  刘冲 《测绘信息与工程》2012,37(1):33-35

设计了一种基于地面激光扫描系统的矿区地形图更新方法,并探讨了其方法重建矿区三维模型的方法。通过试验表明,矿区地形图测绘效率得到了有效提升,重建的三维模型可用来监测矿区开采量。  相似文献   

基于Cyclone和PolyWorks的三维建模实现     

宫丽玮  张毅  闫利 《地理空间信息》2012,10(5):38-40,49

从数据采集到数据处理,再到最后的模型重建,以实例详细介绍了地面激光扫描三维建模的整个流程。利用LeicaHDS6000地面激光扫描仪进行点云数据采集,针对规则和不规则建筑物的特点,分别基于Cyclone和PolyWorks软件实现了三维建模。  相似文献   

旧店金矿地热形成条件分析     

郑春波  张春志  徐冰  徐红兵 《地下水》2009,31(5):124-126

旧店金矿在开采过程中发现地热,实测最高温度可达74℃,详细介绍了其出露情况和热水特征,并从区域地热地质背景和所在位置的地质条件分析了地热的形成条件。  相似文献   

东亚季风区夏季陆地生态系统碳循环对东亚夏季风的响应   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

姜超  徐永福  季劲钧 《气候与环境研究》2013,18(3):329-341

东亚地区陆地生态系统的时空变率表现出明显的对季风气候的响应特征。使用EOF（经验正交分解）方法分析了AVIM2动态植被陆面模式离线模拟试验模拟的1953～2004年东亚季风区夏季陆地生态系统总初级生产力（GPP）、生态系统净初级生产力（NPP）、净生态系统初级生产力（NEP）、植被呼吸以及土壤呼吸的时空分布特点,探讨了东亚夏季风对陆地生态系统碳循环影响机制。研究发现,在强季风年,江淮地区高温少雨的特点限制了光合作用,造成GPP偏低;而华南地区在强季风年气候温暖湿润,利于植被生长,GPP偏高。季风对于植被呼吸和土壤呼吸影响不明显,使得GPP和植被呼吸之差NPP的变化及NPP和土壤呼吸之差NEP的变化与GPP的变化保持一致。在强季风年江淮流域地区干热的气候条件使得NPP和NEP降低;但是在华南地区温度升高的同时降水增多使得在NPP偏高的基础上NEP也偏高。  相似文献   

陆地水循环过程的综合集成与模拟   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

汤秋鸿  刘星才  李哲  运晓博  张学君  于强  李俊  张永勇  崔惠娟  孙思奥  张弛  唐寅  冷国勇 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):115-123

在气候变化与人类活动的影响下,陆地水循环过程发生了明显改变,并导致了一系列资源环境问题。深入认识陆地水循环过程的变化机理,发展陆地水循环过程综合集成模拟技术,预估未来陆地水循环的变化趋势,是当前水循环研究面临的重要任务。主要关注人类活动影响下的大尺度(大河流域或大陆尺度)陆地表层系统水循环模拟,梳理了近年来陆地水循环过程综合集成与模拟相关的研究进展,指出当前大尺度陆地表层系统水循环模拟模型的主要问题是对自然过程与人类活动过程间相互作用描述不足,以及人类活动参数化方案的不完善。因此,完善人类活动参数化方案,构建陆地水循环过程的综合集成模型,是模拟研究的重要发展方向之一。同时,考虑多要素过程的综合集成模型有助于解释气候变化与人类用水活动影响水循环变化的关键机制,为探索变化环境下陆地水循环变化成因及其效应提供理论与实践基础,其结果将为区域水资源配置及应对全球变化的战略决策提供科学依据。  相似文献