地极坐标系统及其相互关系     

金文敬  须同祺  廖德春 《测绘学院学报》1995,(2)

本文回顾了各种地极坐标系统的状况，包括地极坐标原点的定义、系统的组成和这些系统之间的相互关系等。地极坐标系的原点，就是地球参考系Ｚ轴与地面的交点，因而选择某个地极坐标原点，在实际上也选取了相应的地球参考系。本文还详细叙述了常用的各种地球参考系原点和轴向的定义，实现的方法、精度，不同地球参考系之间的转换参数等等。  相似文献   

DORIS applications for solid earth and atmospheric sciences   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Pascal Willis  Laurent Soudarin  Christian Jayles  Lucie Rolland 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2007,339(16):949-959

  相似文献   

Radio source instability in VLBI analysis     

D. S. MacMillan  C. Ma 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(6-8):443-453

The source position time-series for many of the frequently observed radio sources in the NASA geodetic very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) program show systematic linear and non-linear variations of as much as 0.5 mas (milli-arc-seconds) to 1.0 mas, due mainly to source structure changes. In standard terrestrial reference frame (TRF) geodetic solutions, it is a common practice to only estimate a global source position for each source over the entire history of VLBI observing sessions. If apparent source position variations are not modeled, they produce corresponding systematic variations in estimated Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) at the level of 0.02–0.04 mas in nutation and 0.01–0.02 mas in polar motion. We examine the stability of position time-series of the 107 radio sources in the current NASA geodetic source catalog since these sources have relatively dense observing histories from which it is possible to detect systematic variations. We consider different strategies for handling source instabilities where we (1) estimate the positions of unstable sources for each session they are observed, or (2) estimate spline parameters or rate parameters for sources chosen to fit the specific variation seen in the position-time series. We found that some strategies improve VLBI EOP accuracy by reducing the biases and weighted root mean square differences between measurements from independent VLBI networks operating simultaneously. We discuss the problem of identifying frequently observed unstable sources and how to identify new sources to replace these unstable sources in the NASA VLBI geodetic source catalog.  相似文献   

The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS): current capabilities and future prospects     

Wolfgang Schlüter  Dirk Behrend 《Journal of Geodesy》2007,81(6-8):379-387

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) plays a unique and fundamental role in the maintenance of the global (terrestrial and celestial) reference frames, which are required for precise positioning in many research areas such as the understanding and monitoring of global changes, and for space missions. The International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS) coordinates the global VLBI components and resources on an international basis. The service is tasked by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and International Astronomical Union (IAU) to provide products for the realization of the Celestial Reference Frame (CRF) through the positions of quasars, to deliver products for the maintenance of the terrestrial reference frame (TRF), such as station positions and their changes with time, and to generate products describing the rotation and orientation of the Earth. In particular, VLBI uniquely provides direct observations of nutation parameters and of the time difference UT1-UTC. This paper summarizes the evolution and current status of the IVS. It points out the activities to improve further on the product quality to meet future service requirements.  相似文献   

岩石热导率校正对大地热流计算值的影响——以渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷为例     

宋嘉佳  王贵玲  邢林啸  陆川  钱家忠 《地质论评》2023,69(1):2023010026-2023010026

岩石热导率是计算大地热流的基础热物性参数,热导率的选取和校正是正确评估热流的基础。当前在冀中坳陷乃至渤海湾盆地的大地热流计算中,多以受季节性气温变化和地下水活动等因素影响较小的古近系和新近系砂泥质岩层作为大地热流的计算层位,岩石热导率也多参考区域内已有定值,而忽略了热导率对水饱和度、温度和压力的依赖性。本文从岩石热导率的温压校正和饱水校正角度出发,计算并比较了不同校正方法对热流值的影响。主要认识如下：① 岩石热导率作为1个受多因素综合影响的热物性参数,其大小与岩性和矿物组分密切相关,同时通常与孔隙率呈负相关,而与密度呈正相关;② 热导率高温试验结果显示,冀中坳陷砂岩样品热导率总体上随温度的升高而降低,在30~130 ℃的温度区间热导率降低了6. 8%~11. 3%,热导率下降率具有随热导率的降低而减小的趋势;由于砂岩和泥岩具有相对较浅的埋深和较低的原位温压条件,温压对热导率的正负效应可以在一定程度上相互抵消,对于热导率小于2 W/(m·K)的样品,温压对其的影响较小。③ 饱水校正后的冀中坳陷JZ03井和JZ04井古近系—新近系砂泥岩热导率的平均偏差分别高达43. 0%、47. 5%;④ JZ03井和JZ04井古近系—新近系岩层热导率在未经任何校正、经含水率校正及经孔隙率校正情况下的大地热流值分别为43. 05 mW/m2、45. 39 mW/m2、61. 64 mW/m2和52. 81 mW/m2、59. 81 mW/m2、78. 14 mW/m2;最终选取经几何平均模型饱水校正后的热导率计算得到的61. 64 mW/m2和78. 14 mW/m2两个热流值分别作为冀中坳陷牛北斜坡和高阳低凸起中部的大地热流值。  相似文献   

A tool for the ages: The Probabilistic Cosmogenic Age Analysis Tool (P-CAAT)     

《Quaternary Geochronology》2022

While revolutionary to the geomorphic community, the application of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) dating is complicated by geological uncertainties, which often lead to skewed or poorly clustered TCN age distributions. Although a range of statistical approaches are typically used to detect and remove outliers, few are optimized for analysis of TCN datasets. Many are mean- or median-based and therefore explicitly assume a single probability distribution (e.g., Mean Squared Weighted Deviates, Chauvenet's Criterion, etc.). Given the ubiquity of pre- and post-depositional modification of rock surfaces, which occur at different rates in different geomorphic settings, these approaches struggle with multimodal distributions which often characterize TCN datasets. In addition, most statistical approaches do not propagate measurement or production rate uncertainties, which become increasingly important as dataset size or clustering increases. Finally, most approaches provide arithmetic single solutions, irrespective of geologic context.To address these limitations, we present the Probabilistic Cosmogenic Age Analysis Tool (P-CAAT), a new approach for outlier detection and landform age analysis. This tool incorporates both sample age and geologic uncertainties and uses Monte Carlo simulations to eliminate dataset skewness by isolating component normal distributions from a cumulative probability density estimate for datasets with three or more samples. This approach allows geologic context to inform post-analysis interpretations, as researchers can assign landform ages based upon statistically distinct subpopulations, informed by the characteristics of geomorphic systems (e.g., exhumation of boulders as moraines degrade through time). To evaluate the effectiveness of P-CAAT, we analyzed a range of synthetic TCN datasets and compared the results to commonly used statistical approaches for outlier detection. Irrespective of dataset size or clustering, P-CAAT outperformed other approaches and returned accurate solutions that improve in precision as sample size increases. To enable more comprehensive utilization of our approach, P-CAAT is packaged with a GUI interface and is available for download at kgs. uky.edu/anorthite/PCAAT.  相似文献   

蒙古-贝加尔地区地热特征及其地球动力学机制          下载免费PDF全文

黄方  何丽娟  吴庆举 《地质科学》2015,50(1):63-73

蒙古—贝加尔裂谷的演化及其形成的动力学机制一直是地学界争论的焦点。至今,对其地热学的相关研究一直比较匮乏。本文根据前人对蒙古—贝加尔及邻区的独特地貌、构造和玄武岩火山岩浆作用的研究,并结合现今地表大地热流特征共同探讨了其地球动力学机制。根据最新大地热流分布特征表明:蒙古地区的高热流区(120 mW/m~2)主要集中在蒙古Hangay穹窿北部Hovsgol裂谷及其周围裂谷内;贝加尔裂谷整体热流都较高,且贝加尔东北部热流达160 mW/m~2以上(比前人报道的更高),其中部热流也高(120 mW/m~2)。综合地热、地质与地球物理成果,本文认为晚新生代的地幔柱对蒙古—贝加尔地区的形成起着重要作用。  相似文献   

相似变换模型在参考框架基准实现中的应用     

王鹏  吕志平  张西光 《四川测绘》2010,33(1):3-6,21

详细探讨了相似变换在地球参考框架的基准定义实施中的相关模型及方法。利用四种空间大地测量技术（GPS、SLR、DORIS、VLBI）在2000．0历元的站坐标组文件,对ITRF2005的内符精度进行了实验评价。  相似文献   

Terrestrial laser scanning used to determine the geometry of a granite boulder for stability analysis purposes   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

J. Armesto  C. Ordez  L. Alejano  P. Arias 《Geomorphology》2009,106(3-4):271-277

In this paper we analyze the use of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technologies to determine the geometric features of a granite boulder. Accurate determination of these features is a key to performing a reliable stability analysis of the boulder.TLS has been demonstrated to have important advantages over traditional measurement techniques—such as, for example, direct methods based on the use of tapes or indirect methods such as topography or close-range photogrammetry. TLS equipment enables thousands of points to be accurately measured in minutes. In our study TLS-measured points were used to model the surface of a boulder. Geometric parameters were then calculated, namely, centre of gravity, volume of the boulder and dimensions of the boulder contact area with the ground. Taking into account mechanical and environmental factors, these parameters were used to calculate the safety factor of the boulder against toppling and sliding. Our results show that, when seismic activity in the region is taken into consideration, the boulder is borderline stable–unstable.  相似文献   

Distribution and composition of organic matter in surface sediments of coastal Southeast Alaska     

S.E. Walinsky  F.G. Prahl  A.C. Mix  B.P. Finney  J.M. Jaeger  G.P. Rosen 《Continental Shelf Research》2009

Total organic carbon (TOC) and biogenic silica (opal) content, elemental (C/N) and isotopic (δ¹³C, δ¹⁵N) composition of organic matter and the content of lipid biomarkers derived from both marine and terrestrial sources constrain relative contributions from marine productivity and continental erosion to surface sediments throughout coastal SE Alaska (54°N to 61°N). TOC and opal content are very high (up to 8% and 33% by weight, respectively) in fjords and inlets south of Icy Strait (∼58°N) and uniformly low at offshore sites to the south, and at both offshore and inland sites to the north (averaging 0.6±0.3% and 2.3±1.8%, respectively). TOC and opal mass accumulation rates (MARs, based on bulk density and ²¹⁰Pb-derived sediment MAR) suggest dilution with terrigenous, inorganic detrital materials accounts for the low concentrations of both biogenic phases in sediments from the glacial tidewater fjords of Muir and Yakutat Bays but not elsewhere. C/N, δ¹³C, and δ¹⁵N indicate a dominant marine origin for organic matter deposited at most sites. This conclusion implicates elevated primary productivity in inland waters to the south with diatoms, based on opal results, being the dominant contributor. A very significant terrestrial organic fraction (25–50%) is contained in sediments deposited on the continental shelf to the north of 58°N. Hydrocarbon biomarkers indicate the terrestrial fraction in sediments from this region is represented by old organic matter (kerogen) likely contained within riverborne particles eroding from now heavily glaciated adjacent landscapes. In sediment to the south, the terrestrial fraction is traced to modern soil organic matter eroded from the now non-glaciated, heavily forested adjacent landscape. Our study provides a framework to guide future investigations of short- (anthropogenic) to long- (Holocene) term environmental and/or climate change in this region through down-core, stratigraphic analysis.  相似文献