近32 a中亚地区气温时空格局分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐婷  邵华  张弛 《干旱区地理》2015,38(1):25-35

中亚地区生态环境脆弱,生态系统对于气候变化的响应非常敏感,但其气候变化的时空格局并不清楚。该区域气象站点分布稀疏、高精度气象数据缺乏,利用单一数据源研究气候变化具有极大的不确定性。因此,结合站点数据和再分析数据探索中亚五国气候变化时空格局具有重要的研究价值。选取31个气象站点数据（OBS）、CRU气象插值数据和CFSR、ERA-Interim和MERRA三套高精度的再分析数据,对中亚地区1980-2011年的年、四季气温的时空格局变化进行分析。研究结果表明：（1） 近32 a中亚年均气温显著升高,增温速率为0.36～0.47 ℃·（10 a）^-1,即过去的近32 a中亚地区平均气温升高1.15～1.50 ℃。（2）四季气温变化中春季的增温速率最快（0.71～0.93 ℃·（10 a）^-1）,而冬季气温无显著性的变化。（3）中亚中部、南部、西南部、西部地区显著增温,尤其是在1990s后期至2000s前期经历了显著性地增温过程,而中亚其它地区气温无显著变化。  相似文献   

全球1970—2007年碳排放与城市化关联机理分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛冰  李春荣  刘竹  耿涌  郗凤明 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(6):423-427

利用世界银行1970—2007年的112个国家（地区）的人均碳排放量和城市化率数据,基于SPSS与Eviews软件,分析城市化水平与人均碳排放量的关联机理。结果表明,随着城市化水平的上升,人均碳排放量逐步增加;40%的城市化率是人均碳排放变化的转折点;在相近城市化水平下,经济发展水平较高地区和化石能源主产区的人均碳排放高于其他地区。格兰杰因果检验表明,人均碳排放与城市化之间基本存在着格兰杰因果关系;地区之间的格兰杰因果检验结果既有共性,也有差异。  相似文献   

光纤测温技术在地温场监测中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

宋帅良  王永刚  王华锋  路小慧  马哲民  王乐 《山东国土资源》2018,34(3)

换热功率计算通常采取热响应试验的方式,仅仅通过热响应试验方式无法直观反映地下不同介质换热性能的差异,光纤测温系统恰恰能弥补这种不足。光纤测温监测与热响应试验相结合这种新技术的应用,在黄泛平原尚属首次,论文通过热响应试验期间的光时域光纤监测,取得了翔实数据的基础上,对比分析了不同岩土层介质的换热性能,采取了光纤地温测量这种新型监测手段,对换热试验前及试验期间地温场变化进行了监测,对合理利用浅层地温能这种新能源提供了参数支持。  相似文献   

1961-2016年渭河流域极端降水事件研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

周旗  张海宁  任源鑫 《地理科学》2020,40(5):833-841

基于1961-2016 年渭河流域26 个气象站点的逐日降水数据,选取与极端降水事件密切相关的9 个指数,利用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall突变点检验和方差分析等方法,揭示渭河流域极端降水事件的变化趋势、突变情况以及渭河流域上、中、下游降水情况的差异特征,对研究区未来极端降水事件提供科学预测和理论参考。结果表明：① 渭河流域上、中、下游地区及整个流域的年总降水量分别以16.588 mm/10a、8.319 mm/10a、6.703 mm/10a和9.544 mm/10a的速率下降,表明渭河流域56 a来降水总量存在逐年减少的趋势,整个渭河流域地区呈现变干的趋势。② 降水强度(SDII)、强降水总量(R95PTOT)和极端降水总量(R99PTOT)在整体上均呈现上升趋势,极端降水总量的上升趋势高于强降水总量,上游地区的上升趋势高于中下游地区,表明渭河流域极端降水强度有所增强,极端降水事件发生频率有所增大。③ 渭河流域出现极端降水事件的年份集中在20世纪90年代和21世纪初期,且降水情况的年际差异较大,中游地区的变化更为明显。④ 相关分析显示中下游地区对整个流域极端降水事件的发生情况起到较大的贡献。  相似文献   

Wave interaction with an upright breakwater structure     

Subrata K. Chakrabarti 《Ocean Engineering》1999,26(10):446

Breakwaters are often built in coastal waters to facilitate navigation and recreation, both inside and outside regions of the breakwater. This requires that the reflection and transmission characteristics of the structure be both minimized at the same time. This is achieved by a design that will allow dissipation of wave energy by multiple reflection. Such structures will need the knowledge of these characteristics in their design. Model tests were performed on a shallow water breakwater concept of this type to determine the reflection and transmission coefficients. The concept of the breakwater was to reduce both the reflection and transmission of waves. It was found that the breakwater design was effective at certain wave characteristics. Nondimensional loads and local pressures on the breakwater panels are also reported which will facilitate the structural design of such breakwaters.  相似文献   

Locating regional seismic events with global optimization based on interval arithmetic   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Matti Tarvainen  Timo Tiira  & Eystein S. Husebye 《Geophysical Journal International》1999,138(3):879-885

More than 1000 seismic events in northern Europe at distances of up to 400  km from the detecting network are located using an optimization method in which the global minimum of the traveltime function residuals is searched for using an Interval Arithmetic (IA) method. Epicentres are determined using P waves detected by the Finnish national seismic network: up to 15 stations were used in the analysis. The IA results coincide with locations provided by the University of Helsinki bulletins with a median location bias of 7.6  km.
  A second data set of 59 explosions in the Siilinjärvi mine in central Finland was examined in detail, because the locations of the explosions were known exactly. In this case, the median difference of IA locations was 3.8  km from the average location of mine explosions, while all 59 events were located within 9  km of the 'true' epicentres. The corresponding median error of the University of Helsinki locations was smaller (3.2  km), but some Helsinki locations were well over 10  km from the mine. The convergence towards the global optimum using interval arithmetic was fast when compared with the conventional least-squares approaches for epicentre determinations.  相似文献   

海上静力触探(CPT)测试技术的发展现状和应用     

陆凤慈  曲延大  廖明辉 《海洋技术学报》2004,23(4):32-36

静力触探(CPT)是一种速度快,数据连续、再现性好、操作省力等优点的原位测试方法。随着海洋开发的迅速发展,CPT测试技术在国内外海洋工程领域的使用越来越普遍。因此,了解国外海上CPT设备和应用情况,探讨应用中的问题,对CPT测试技术在我国海上工程领域的应用具有重要意义。文章描述了国外海上静力触探(CPT)测试技术的发展现状,阐明了主要的海床CPT(Seabed CPT)设备和井下CPT(Downhole CPT)设备的特点,并对不同CPT设备在海洋工程领域的应用作了分析,这对海上CPT测试技术在我国的应用和发展具有一定的参考价值和指导作用。  相似文献   

Significance of an In Vivo Genotoxicity Test for Surface Waters Is Increased when the Physiological Characteristics of the Test Organism (Bivalvia: Mollusca) Are Taken into Account?     

M. Kramer  I. Hübner 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):83-91

The alkaline filter elution assay using the gills of the freshwater clam species Corbicula fluminea detects breaks in single‐stranded DNA and is thus a good method for determining the genotoxic potential of surface waters. In attempting to standardize the procedure, a wide range of factors which could have an influence on the uptake of genotoxic substances by the exposed clams were studied. The most important parameters of the static exposure in relation to the rate of filtration by the animals turned out to be the temperature, the volume of the water, and the exposure time. Differences in body size and in the amount of suspended particles in surface waters did not play a significant role. The results demonstrate that the in vivo test system can be quite sensitive and its results reproducible when the relevant species‐specific characteristics of the test organisms are brought into consideration, even if the test organism belongs to a biologically more advanced group. A clear dose‐response relationship to the reference substances 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (NQO) and N‐methyl‐N‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) can be observed even after a short exposure time of between four and twenty hours. No genotoxic effects were observed when using this method on surface waters from the area of Cologne (including water from the Rhine River and within the protection zone 2 of the Cologne waterworks).  相似文献   

浅谈旗(县)温度指导预报的检验与订正     

成喜良  赵智云  陈平  郝艳霞 《内蒙古气象》2009,(4):40-42

通过对2006—2007年温度指导预报和订正预报的检验分析,可以看出订正预报准确率有所提高,精细化程度有所提高,实行订正预报很有必要,订正公式为:T预报值=T指导预报值-T订正值。  相似文献   

云南孟连中缅边境Ms7.3地震前滇西实验场的重力变化     

吴国华  罗增雄 《地震》1998,18(2):146-154

１９９５年７月１２日,在云南省西南部的孟连县以西中缅边境发生了一次Ｍｓ７．３强烈地震。震前,距震中２８０ｋｍ以远的滇西实验场重力网红河断裂以西出现了重力异常,平均变化幅值达７０×１０＾－８ｍｓ＾－１,最大变化幅值达１１４×１０＾－８ｍｓ＾－２,云南省地震工程研究所测量队重力组根据上述重力异常变化,对此次地震作了较好的中短期预测预报。  相似文献