多种核素在沉积物中的垂直和平面分布   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

康兴伦  顾德隆  张经  朱校斌  康建海  秦晓光 《海洋与湖沼》2002,33(1):47-54

应用γ谱仪测量了鸭绿江口及黄河口海域沉积物中的多种核素。由于这些区域 ,特别是黄河口 ,沉积速度快 ,泥沙从陆地直接搬运到海底 ,因此 ,2 10 Pb和 2 3 4 Th在沉积物表层均不呈现过剩 ,2 3 8U系的各子体之间基本处于放射性平衡状态。本文中 2 14 Pb的最高比活度是(6 .2 0± 0 .2 1 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (3 .0 0± 0 .3 5 ) 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。2 2 8Ac的最高比活度是 (6 .6 0± 0 .5 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g,最低为 (2 .80± 0 .3 8)× 1 0 - 2 Bq/g。诸核素的平面分布与垂直分布均有一定波动 ,这种波动与沉积物的陆源变化及海洋水动力学作用有关。Ra与其他核素比较 ,更容易溶解 ,在地表水形成时 ,Ra已出现过剩。因此 ,在河口沉积物的表层 ,2 2 8Th呈现过剩。这种过剩可用来测河口的沉积速度。世界各主要有核国家已长期停止大气层核试验 ,因此 ,本文测得的 13 7Cs含量相当低 ,有些层次已不能检出  相似文献   

不同潮时对厦门湾水体中²³⁴Th/²³⁸U不平衡的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈敏  黄奕普  邱雨生 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(6):679-689

厦门海水体中^234Th/^238U不平衡的时间序列数据表明，无论是溶解态、颗粒态^234Th还是总^234Th,相对于母体^238U均严重亏损，呈现出与开阔大洋水明显不同的特征。溶解态、颗粒态^234Th的停留时间介于0．5－41d之间，其中低潮时停留时间比高潮时小2－4倍，证实近岸海域具有强烈的清除、迁出作用，且潮汐变化对海域颗粒动力学特征有重要影响。^234Th停留时间与总悬浮颗粒物浓度（TSM）、Ch1.α的关系则表明，近岸海域元素的清除、迁出作用主要受陆源颗粒物输送的影响，与生物活动关系并不密切。此外，非稳态与稳态清除模型结果的对比证明，稳态模型对于具有强烈清除、迁出作用的近岸海域是适用的。  相似文献   

沉积物中钍同位素分析样品的处理方法比较研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

康兴伦  顾德隆  朱校斌  唐玉鸿  康建海 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(4):387-393

分别用HCl浸取和HF全溶法分析研究沉积物中的同位素^232Th、^230Th、^228Th，并对所分析的结果进行全面的对照比较，盐酸浓度、温度及样品的矿物组分都能影响这3种同位素的酸浸取效率，对于一种确定的沉积物来说，在相同的浸取条件下，^228Th的酸浸取效率总是高于^232Th，这是由于α辐射子体同位素的反冲作用造成的，与HCl浸取法比较，HF全溶法更可靠、更准确。  相似文献   

西沙西科1井三亚组生物礁沉积的磁性地层及其环境意义          下载免费PDF全文

易亮  王振峰  张道军  刘新宇  尤丽  罗威  祝幼华  秦华锋  邓成龙 《海岸工程》2016,35(3):1-11

生物礁沉积是南海乃至西北太平洋重要的沉积类型之一。本文利用新近钻进取芯的南海西沙西科1井生物礁沉积,开展了详细的磁性地层学研究。结果显示,早中新世三亚组记录了跨度为C5Dn~C6An正极性时的生物礁沉积。在综合全孔年代学结果的基础上,划分出新近纪西沙地区生物礁生长、发育的3个阶段:约16.5 Ma和约13.5 Ma两个稳定堆积时期,以及16.5~13.5 Ma快速堆积的"中中新世跃迁事件"。此外,本文推测西沙地区生物礁初始发育的时间显著早于过去认为的约20 Ma,同时三阶段的演化模式可能与南海扩张-结束的构造环境密切关联。  相似文献   

U‐Th Zircon Dating by Laser Ablation Single Collector Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS)          下载免费PDF全文

Marcel Guillong  Jakub T. Sliwinski  Axel Schmitt  Francesca Forni  Olivier Bachmann 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):377-387

Zircon crystals in the age range of ca. 10–300 ka can be dated by ²³⁰Th/²³⁸U (U‐Th) disequilibrium methods because of the strong fractionation between Th and U during crystallisation of zircon from melts. Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) analysis of nine commonly used reference zircons (at secular equilibrium) and a synthetic zircon indicates that corrections for abundance sensitivity and dizirconium trioxide molecular ions (Zr₂O₃⁺) are critical for reliable determination of ²³⁰Th abundances in zircon. When corrected for abundance sensitivity and interferences, mean activity ratios of (²³⁰Th)/(²³⁸U) for nine reference zircons analysed on five different days averaged 0.995 ± 0.023 (95% confidence weighted by data‐point uncertainty only, MSWD = 1.6; n = 9), consistent with their U‐Pb ages > 4 Ma that imply equilibrium for all intermediate daughter isotopes (including ²³⁰Th) within the ²³⁸U decay chain. U‐Th zircon ages generated by LA‐ICP‐MS without mitigating (e.g., by high mass resolution) or correcting for abundance sensitivity and molecular interferences on ²³⁰Th are potentially unreliable. To validate the applicability of LA‐ICP‐MS to this dating method, we acquired data from three late Quaternary volcanic units: the 41 ka Campanian Ignimbrite (plutonic clasts), the 161 ka Kos Plateau Tuff (juvenile clasts) and the 12 ka Puy de Dôme trachyte lava (all eruption ages by Ar/Ar, with zircon U‐Th ages being of equal or slightly older). A comparison of the corrected LA‐ICP‐MS results with previously published secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data for these rocks shows comparable ages with equivalent precision for LA‐ICP‐MS and SIMS, but much shorter analysis durations (~ 2 min vs. ~ 15 min) per spot with LA‐ICP‐MS and much simpler sample preparation. Previously undated zircons from the Yali eruption (Kos‐Nisyros volcanic centre, Greece) were analysed using this method. This yielded a large age spread (~ 45 to > 300 ka), suggesting significant antecryst recycling. The youngest zircon age (~ 45 ± 10 ka) provides a reasonable maximum estimate for the eruption age, in agreement with the previously published age using oxygen isotope stratigraphy (~ 31 ka).  相似文献   

Multi-method approach to dating glass: The case of Basiluzzo Islet (Aeolian archipelago,Italy)     

G. Bigazzi  M.A. Laurenzi  M. Soligo  P. Tuccimei 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

A rhyolitic lava flow from Basiluzzo islet (Aeolian Islands), has been analysed with the Fission tracks (FT) and ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar methods on glass, and with the U/Th method on whole rock to constrain its age and to compare the behaviour of different dating methodologies on glass samples late Quaternary in age. Laser ⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar total fusion analyses were performed on populations of grains. Due to the low yields of radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar the age data are characterised by very high errors. The weighted average of the ages of the whole population is 55.7 ± 8.7 ka (MSWD = 0.7). The isochron age calculated on all points is 40.6 ± 11.4 ka (MSWD = 0.6), with an initial ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio of 297.8 ± 1.8; the isochron is characterised by very little spread among points. The procedure named ‘point-counting technique’ was adopted in FT dating. Spontaneous track mean size resulted reduced by around 20% compared to induced tracks, which indicates that the determined FT age, 28.6 ± 3.6 ka, is a reduced age, due to a certain amount of track annealing. For this reason the plateau technique for correcting thermally lowered ages was applied. We determined a plateau age (commonly assumed as a reliable estimate of the glass formation age) of 43.4 ± 7.1 ka. Four sub-samples of whole rock from Basiluzzo lava flow have been analysed using U/Th isochron method. The ²³⁸U/²³²Th and ²³⁰Th/²³²Th activity ratios of sub-samples have been determined by alpha counting and plotted on an isochron diagram. The resulting age is 46 ± 8 ka and the ²³⁴U/²³⁸U activity ratios are always close to one, demonstrating that no significant processes of alteration have occurred. The relatively high error associated with the age is due to a low fractionation of U/Th ratio in the analysed whole rocks. The ages obtained with different methods, 43.4 ± 7.1 ka (FT plateau age), 40.6 ± 11.4 ka (⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar isochron age of all grains), and 46 ± 8 ka (U/Th isochron) agree at the 1σ level, excluding a Holocene age for this sample. This could be valuable information for the Department of Civil Protection because it seems to mitigate the potential risk for present volcanic activity in the area. All ages are affected by very high analytical errors, which are due to the characteristics of the material analysed. Young ages result in low tracks numbers (FT dating) and barely detectable amounts of radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar in the presence of high atmospheric contamination (⁴⁰Ar–³⁹Ar dating). Stratigraphic successions without strict chronologic constraints might however benefit even from age data with low precision.  相似文献   

公元8世纪以来贵州荔波石笋高分辨率的气候变化记录   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

覃嘉铭  袁道先  林玉石  张会领  张美良  程海  王华  杨琰  冉景丞 《中国岩溶》2008,27(3):266-272

通过中国贵州荔波龙泉洞L1及L2两根石笋19件ICPMS230 Th测年和459件氧稳定同位素分析, L1时限范围为918-1910aA. D. , L2为724-1888aA. D. ;稳定同位素样品的平均分辨率分别为6. 6a和3. 6a。两根石笋δ18O记录取得了平行一致的结果,石笋记录可分为3个气候期,即: 中世纪冷期(公元8世纪- 995aA.D. ) ,石笋δ18O总的偏重,变化幅度较小,最轻为- 8. 84‰ ,最重为- 6. 72‰ ,平均值为- 7. 76‰ ;中世纪暖期( 995- 1340a A. D. ) ,石笋记录为两峰夹一谷, 200年级的一个半旋回,δ18O最轻为- 9. 47‰ ,最重为- 6. 58‰ ,平均值为- 7. 94‰ ;小冰期( 1340- 1880aA. D. ) ,石笋记录为四谷三峰相间交替,即季风表现出由弱到强的200年级3个半旋回,δ18O最轻为- 9. 50‰ ,最重为- 6. 07‰ ,平均值与中世纪暖期基本一致,为- 7. 92‰ ,但变化幅度要大一些,特别是弱季风期要偏重一些。L1及L2两石笋δ18O记录可以很好地和中国中东部物候记录对比。在总体变化格局上也可以和格陵兰冰芯记录进行对比。石笋记录也可以与宇宙核素产率及太阳耀斑记录进行对比,小冰期中石笋δ18O记录的4个低谷期(弱季风期) ,正好与宇宙核素产率及太阳耀斑曲线的低谷区相对应,并分别可以和太阳黑子1810年达尔顿极小值、1645- 1715年蒙德极小值1420- 1530年的斯波瑞尔极小值、1280- 1440年的沃尔夫极小值一一对应。太阳黑子的变化,直接改变地球接受太阳辐射能量的变化,说明低纬度地区短尺度季风气候直接响应于太阳辐射能量的变化。   相似文献   

DIRECT DATING OF LEFT-LATERAL SLIP ALONG THE RED RIVER SHEAR ZONE   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lisa Gilley  et al 《地学前缘》2000,(Z1)

DIRECT DATING OF LEFT-LATERAL SLIP ALONG THE RED RIVER SHEAR ZONE  相似文献   

Mid-Holocene variability in the marine C reservoir age for northern coastal Papua New Guinea     

H.V. McGregor  M.K. Gagan  M.T. McCulloch  E. Hodge  G. Mortimer 《Quaternary Geochronology》2008,3(3):213-225

Changes in oceanic radiocarbon (¹⁴C) reservoir ages through the deglaciation and Holocene can provide important information on ocean circulation as Earth's climate warmed. Here, we present reservoir ages for the western tropical Pacific that span the mid-Holocene transition from less to more frequent El Niño events. Reservoir ages were calculated using paired U–Th and conventional ¹⁴C dating of eight individual fossil coral samples from Koil and Muschu Islands, northern coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG). AMS ¹⁴C and MC-ICPMS U–Th dating of additional samples from six of the fossil corals were used to confirm the TIMS U–Th and conventional ¹⁴C ages. The combined results show average reservoir ages of 185±30 ¹⁴C yr (n=4) for 7220–5850 yr BP compared to 420 ¹⁴C yr for a modern coral from Muschu Island. From 5850 to 5420 yr BP reservoir ages increase to modern values. The relatively young reservoir ages from 7220 to 5850 yr BP are best explained by greater influx of well-equilibrated sub-tropical water from the southern branch of the South Equatorial Current (SEC). This is consistent with strengthening trade winds (facilitating air–sea exchange) and a more northerly position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone thought to have occurred at this time. The transition to more modern-like reservoir ages from 5850 to 5420 yr BP suggests modern oceanic circulation patterns were established during this interval. The onset of modern El Niño activity around this time would have served to enhance the intrusion of ¹⁴C-depleted equatorial waters via the south equatorial branch of the SEC. Overall, the changes in reservoir age presented here for the western tropical Pacific suggest that Holocene changes in the El Niño–Southern Oscillation state of the tropical Pacific resulted in reorganisation of oceanic circulation in this region.  相似文献   

234 Th示踪法测定北太平洋西北海域冬季真光层中颗粒态有机碳输出通量   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨永亮  韩旭  日下部正志 《海洋学报》2005,27(1):84-92

讨论了1997年冬季在北太平洋西北海域7个站位的表层至200m水深水柱中溶解及颗粒态234Th,颗粒态有机碳(POC)、氮(PON)及叶绿素a浓度的垂直分布剖面.溶解态、颗粒态及总的234Th的放射性在真光层中显著低于母体238U的放射性,总的234Th放射性在水深大于100m时趋于平衡.利用234Th-238U在海洋表层海水中的放射性不平衡推导出了北太平洋西北海域冬季真光层海水中234Th的平均停留时间和输出通量以及颗粒态有机碳和有机氮的输出通量.在亚北极环流区溶解态234Th的停留时间为40~50d,而在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区为20d左右.颗粒态有机碳和有机氮从真光层的输出通量范围分别为3.8~8.2和0.50~0.98mmol/(m2·d),西部海区高于东部海区,南部海区高于北部海区.在黑潮-亲潮共同影响区较高的颗粒态有机碳输出通量表明光照量及陆源营养盐物质的提供是两个决定生产力的主要因素.叶绿素a的水深分布和POC/PON的值同Redfield的比值的一致性表明这个海区的冬季颗粒物主要由浮游植物构成.北太平洋西北海域在冬季的颗粒有机碳输出通量可高于世界大洋一些海区春、夏季的颗粒有机碳输出通量.  相似文献