Arctangent function‐based third derivative attribute for characterisation of faults          下载免费PDF全文

Jingbo Yu  Zhong Li 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):913-925

Using seismic attributes such as coherence and curvature to characterise faults not only can improve the efficiency of seismic interpretation but also can expand the capability to detect faults. The coherence and curvature have been widely applied to characterising faults for years. These two methods detect faults based on the similarity of seismic waveforms and shapes of the reflectors, respectively, and they are complementary to each other and both have advantages and disadvantages in fault characterisation. A recent development in fault characterisation based on reflector shapes has been the use of the rate of change of curvature. Through an application to the seismic data from Western Tazhong of the Tarim Basin, China, it was demonstrated that the rate of change of curvature is more capable of detecting subtle faults having quite small throws and heaves. However, there often exist multiple extreme values indicating the same fault when applying the rate of change of curvature, which significantly degrades the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the computation result for multiple extrema interfering with each other. To resolve this problem, we propose the use of a linear combination of arctangent and proportional functions as the directrix of a cylindrical surface to fit the fault model and calculate its third derivative, which can then be used to characterise the fault. Through an application to the 3D seismic data from Western Tazhong of the Tarim Basin, the results show that the proposed method not only retains the same capability to detect subtle faults having small throws as the curvature change rate but also greatly improves the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the calculated result.  相似文献   

利用Thorpe尺度估算南极点大气湍流廓线     

胡晓丹  吴晓庆  青春 《极地研究》2019,31(3):301-308

分析了南极点(South Pole)2012年常规气象参数探空数据,统计了南极点全年的边界层高度分布,利用Thorpe尺度估算了南极点夏季及冬季的折射率结构常数Cn^2、大气相干长度、视宁度、等晕角等参数和边界层高度以上及边界层内的视宁度及其对整层(0—25 km)视宁度的贡献,将之与文献结果比对。结果表明:估算的Cn^2在近地面随高度迅速递减,300 m后随高度缓慢减小,5 km以后出现一个鼓包,10 km后随高度稳定递减,都呈现湍流主要集中于300 m以下这一特点。用Thorpe尺度估算的南极点冬季整层视宁度为1.87",270 m以上高度视宁度为0.39",与文献报道较为吻合。Thorpe尺度相较于其他外尺度模式估算过程更为简便。  相似文献   

Extraction of Lithium from Salt Lake Brine using N523-TBP Mixture System     

时东  李丽娟  李晋峰  姬连敏  宋富根  彭小五  张利诚  张禹泽  李慧芳  宋雪雪  聂锋  曾忠民  刘志启  郭凡 《盐湖研究》2019,27(1)

In this work, problems encountered by tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) in the industrialization of lithium extraction from salt lake brine were discussed in detail. The lithium extraction behavior of N, N-bi-(2-ethylhexyl) acetamide (N523) was investigated, and its defect was analyzed in the view of practical application. The N523-TBP mixture extraction system was proposed to alleviate or avoid the defects that N523 and TBP met when they were used severally. The composition of this mixture extraction system was determined as 20%N523-30%TBP-50% kerosene. The effects of brine acidity, Fe/Li molarity ratio, phase ratio and chloride ion concentration on lithium extraction efficiency were discussed respectively. The operation conditions in single stage extraction were optimized as brine acidity=0.05 mol/L, Fe/Li molarity ratio=1.3 and phase ratio=2. The high concentration of chloride ion in brine was benefit for extraction of lithium. The structure of extracted complex was proposed as (LiFeCl4·nN523·mTBP)·(2-n)N523·(2-m)TBP (m+n=2) by chemical analysis and slope fitting methods. The extraction thermodynamic functions were calculated preliminarily, and the results suggested that the extraction process was an exothermic (ΔH<0) and spontaneous (ΔG<0) reaction, and the degree of disorder increased (ΔS>0) during the extraction process. This work will give some guidance to the lithium industry of Qinghai in both fundamental theory and practical application.  相似文献   

孤南洼陷孤南30井沙三段岩石地层特征与有利储集层研究     

王丽颖  李学森 《四川地质学报》2020,40(1):15-18,25

本文以岩石学及沉积学为理论指导,以孤南30井沙三段的岩心、钻井、测井、录井、试油等资料为基础,对孤南30井沙河街组沙三段岩石地层的划分展开了研究,并寻找其有利储集层。研究表明:孤南30井沙河街组沙三段主要发育河流和湖泊两种类型沉积相,可分为4个砂层组,10个小层;沙三段中下部沉积水体较深,泥岩与砂岩互层,砂体含量增高,有利于形成良好的储集层,又发育有厚层灰质油泥岩,形成了较好的生储盖圈闭。  相似文献   

从第三极到北极： 热喀斯特及其对碳循环影响研究进展   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

贾麟  范成彦  母梅  陈旭  仲文  尚建国  张凤  李丽丽  彭小清  牟翠翠  张廷军 《冰川冻土》2020,42(1):157-169

北半球多年冻土区储存着大量的土壤有机碳, 气候变暖加剧了多年冻土退化, 多年冻土退化最明显的特征是热喀斯特。热喀斯特会直接导致活动层及多年冻土层土壤有机质暴露, 并改变水文、 植被和土壤生物环境条件, 对生态系统碳循环具有重要影响。热喀斯特对碳循环的影响是评估多年冻土碳循环和气候变化关系不确定性的关键问题之一。然而, 在气候变暖背景下热喀斯特地貌的发育及其对碳循环影响有多大, 目前对这个问题仍然缺乏足够的认识。通过综合比较第三极和北极热喀斯特相关研究, 分析了第三极和北极地区热喀斯特地貌特征及其变化趋势, 阐述了热喀斯特对植被演替、 土壤碳损失和生态系统温室气体排放过程的影响, 并提出了未来热喀斯特研究可能遇到的挑战。认识热喀斯特碳循环过程, 是评估气候变化对多年冻土碳循环影响的关键环节, 有助于加强多年冻土区生态系统碳循环与气候变暖之间反馈关系的认知。  相似文献   

A 1-D model of the formation and evolution of Polar Stratospheric Clouds     

G. Panegrossi  D. Fuà  G. Fiocco 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1996,23(1):5-35

A 1-D model of the formation and seasonal evolution of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) is described. The model considers PSCs of types 1 and 2 in the vertical range from 8 to 30 km and utilizes real temperature data. The micro-physical processes included in the model are the heterogeneous nucleation and condensation (or evaporation), while sedimentation, gas diffusion and vertical wind velocity are the processes responsible for transport. Model simulations have been compared with PSC data obtained by lidar at the South Pole: results for the winter 1990 are discussed. The different contribution of type 1 and type 2 PSCs to the measured backscattering coefficient has been evidenced. In the simulations, layers of NAT particles form when low values of the backscattering coefficient are measured; similarly, ice particles form when sharper and rapidly changeable structures with higher values of the backscattering coefficient are observed. Significant results on the condensation and depletion of HNO₃ and H₂O are presented. Water vapor profiles measured during winter 1990 are reproduced quite well.  相似文献   

From mountains to megaregions: A powershed analysis of the Third Pole hydropower boom     

《Global Environmental Change》2022

Hydropower is booming in Asian river basins originating on the Tibetan Plateau and adjoining mountain ranges – often referred to as the “Third Pole.” These plants generate significant power for Asia’s megaregions; they also dramatically alter environments, economies, and livelihoods in mountainous regions. Yet, current understanding of these developments is limited to specific rivers or countries, obscuring the important relational drivers and characteristics of the boom. In this article, we deploy a novel powershed framework – defined as the material and socio-political infrastructure linking electricity supply and demand areas – to analyze and compare the regional power geographies that shape Third Pole hydropower development. Using this framework, we identify ten powersheds across China, Southeast Asia, and South Asia basins that incorporate the vast majority of new hydropower generation. Our analysis reveals a clear trend towards developing large-scale hydropower in the mountains for the purpose of exporting electricity to megaregions. These powersheds are complex and in flux, crossing political and basin boundaries in ways that defy traditional hydropower analyses. This article thus reveals power export to be the main driver of the boom and its characteristics; it also provides a framework for analyzing power geographies worldwide.  相似文献   

Analytical theory of a lunar artificial satellite with third body perturbations     

Bernard De Saedeleer 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,95(1-4):407-423

We present here the first numerical results of our analytical theory of an artificial satellite of the Moon. The perturbation method used is the Lie Transform for averaging the Hamiltonian of the problem, in canonical variables: short-period terms (linked to l, the mean anomaly) are eliminated first. We achieved a quite complete averaged model with the main four perturbations, which are: the synchronous rotation of the Moon (rate ), the oblateness J ₂ of the Moon, the triaxiality C ₂₂ of the Moon ( ) and the major third body effect of the Earth (ELP2000). The solution is developed in powers of small factors linked to these perturbations up to second-order; the initial perturbations being sorted ( is first-order while the others are second-order). The results are obtained in a closed form, without any series developments in eccentricity nor inclination, so the solution apply for a wide range of values. Numerical integrations are performed in order to validate our analytical theory. The effect of each perturbation is presented progressively and separately as far as possible, in order to achieve a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. We also highlight the important fact that it is necessary to adapt the initial conditions from averaged to osculating values in order to validate our averaged model dedicated to mission analysis purposes.  相似文献   

Radial velocities andDDO, BV photometry of Henry Draper G5-M stars near the North Galactic Pole     

K. M. Yoss  R. F. Griffin 《Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy》1997,18(2-3):161-227

Radial velocities are given for some 900 stars within 15‡ of the North Galactic Pole, including almost all such stars classified G5 or later in theHenry Draper Catalogue. Luminosities, two-dimensional spectral classes, composition indices, and distances are derived for the majority of the sample throughDDO andBV photometry. More than half of the stars are classified as G5-K5 giants: they show a clear relationship between composition and velocity dispersion for the two Galactic componentsV andW, and a less well-defined trend forU. Four abundance groups exhibit characteristics which imply association with, respectively, the thick disk, old thin disk, young thin disk, and Roman’s “4150” group. The sample is contained within l kpc of the Galactic plane, and no trends with distance are evident.  相似文献   

南极区域遥感影像融合处理质量评价研究     

郭宏  吴学伟  荀志硕 《东北测绘》2014,(1):96-99

南极是地球上对全球气候变化最敏感、响应最迅速的区域之一,针对南极冰盖变化的监测对很多领域有着十分重要的意义。本文针对南极区域选取MODIS与Land—sat ETM＋两种遥感影像,通过ENVI遥感平台,利用包括WAVELET变换法、PCA变换法、BROVEY变换法和HPF变换法等4种影像方法进行融合,并选择均值、标准差、偏差指数、相关系数等评价指标,对融合后的影像进行评价。得出结论：ETM＋影像WAVELET算法融合效果最好,而对于Modis影像PCA算法融合效果最好,两种卫星影像对不同尺度的监测都有着各自的优势。  相似文献