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881.
882.
Nathaniel Bensoussan Jean-Claude Romano Bouazza El-Haikali Michel-Guy Lafont 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(10):909-918
Semi-continuous (1/30 min) records of physicochemical parameters (T,S, DO and pH) have been measured at 1.50 m in Mediterranean coastal waters (Marseilles) from 1998 to 2000, together with meteorological parameters. Physicochemical data were studied in order to synthesise the information at different time scales (inter-annual, season, day, hour), particularly the semi-conservative DO and pH response to hydroclimatic variables. At a daily time scale, important circadian dynamic has been measured under all circumstances with a strong reactivity to irradiance change under the influence of biological activity. This work may contribute to the definition of new tools for coastal waters observation. To cite this article: N. Bensoussan et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
883.
Samira Krimissa Jean-Luc Michelot Lhoussaine Bouchaou Jacques Mudry Youssef Hsissou 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2004,336(15):1363-1369
The origin of chloride ions in groundwater from the Chtouka-Massa plain (Morocco) was studied by using chemical and isotopic analyses of water, and petrographic and chemical analyses of rocks. It appears that the schist formation, which forms the basement of the studied aquifer, is the main source of the high Cl? concentrations in groundwater. In these schists, chloride is, for a part, probably contained in biotites, and is released into groundwater through the weathering of these minerals. However, the exceptionally high chloride contents of these schists are difficult to explain if one does not assume that they also contain evaporitic-type minerals. To cite this article: S. Krimissa et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004). 相似文献
884.
M. L. Cox G. A. Sturrock P. J. Fraser S. T. Siems P. B. Krummel S. O'Doherty 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2003,45(1):79-99
There are large uncertainties in identifying and quantifying the natural and anthropogenic sources of chloromethanes – methyl chloride (CH3Cl), chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), which are responsible for about 15% of the total chlorine in the stratosphere. We report two years of in situ observations of these species from the AGAGE (Advanced Global Atmospheric Gas Experiment) program at Cape Grim, Tasmania (41° S, 145° E). The average background levels of CH3Cl, CHCl3 and CH2Cl2 during 1998–2000 were 551± 8, 6.3± 0.2 and 8.9± 0.2 ppt (dry air mole fractions expressed in parts per 1012) respectively, with a two-year average amplitude of the seasonal cycles in background air of 25, 1.1 and 1.5 ppt respectively. The CH3Cl and CHCl3 records at Cape Grim show clear episodes of elevated mixing ratios up to 1300 ppt and 55 ppt respectively, which are highly correlated, suggesting common source(s). Trajectory analyses show that the sources of CH3Cl and CHCl3 that are responsible for these elevated observations are located in coastal-terrestrial and/or coastal-seawater regions in Tasmania and the south-eastern Australian mainland. Elevated levels of CH2Cl2 (up to 70 ppt above background) are associated mainly with emissions from the Melbourne/Port Phillip region, a large urban/industrial complex (population 3.5 million) 300 km north of Cape Grim.Now at the Centre for Atmospheric ChemistryNow at School of Environmental Sciences 相似文献
885.
Mathieu Schuster Philippe Duringer Jean‐Francois Ghienne Patrick Vignaud Alain Beauvilain Hassan Taisso Mackaye Michel Brunet 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2003,28(10):1059-1069
This paper reports on a study dealing with the rhyolitic inselbergs of Hadjer el Khamis that formed palaeoislands during Lake Mega‐Chad events. Field observations have shown that: (1) conglomeratic patches of immature to mature clasts are preserved at the feet of the Hadjer el Khamis inselbergs; (2) in cross‐section, their pro?le reveals a well de?ned cliff–platform junction at a constant elevation (325 m). The monolithological clasts show all degrees of roundness, from angular cobbles to well rounded pebbles. This wide range of maturity suggests a coastal origin for these cobbles. The system was permanently fed with angular clasts, which were progressively worn by waves. Cobbles that were wave‐worked for the longest time are the best rounded. The cliff–platform junction is the result of erosion by waves, which attacked and undercut the inselberg cliffs during Lake Mega‐Chad events. Asymmetrical erosion pro?les moreover suggest a wind regime dominated by SW to NE oriented winds. These interpretations have two implications. The elevation of the cliff–platform junction is an indication of the highest water level of Lake Mega‐Chad at 320–325 m, which is in agreement with other observations elsewhere in the basin. The SW to NE oriented winds show that monsoon‐related winds were prevalent during Lake Mega‐Chad events, suggesting the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone was located higher in latitude than today. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
886.
887.
通过对豫北平原地下水的综合调查,发现其环境水文地质问题以区域地下水位下降为主,并又导致了泉水消失、湿地减少、地面沉降和地下水污染等次生环境水文地质问题的发生。在环境水文地质问题形成背景和形成条件综合分析的基础上,认为其产生的根本原因是人为活动尤其是地下水的不合理开采破坏了地下水循环系统的天然均衡状态,其演化模式具双向性。最后,提出了减少和防止豫北平原环境水文地质问题的具体措施。 相似文献
888.
Field measurement and numerical modelling of aeolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Steven L. Namikas 《Sedimentology》2003,50(2):303-326
ABSTRACT The vertical and horizontal distributions of aeolian mass flux were measured at Oceano Dunes, California, and these data were used to evaluate a numerical model of saltation. Grain‐size analyses showed that the distributions of the modal sediment size class corresponded closely to those of the total sediment population, and modelling thus focused on replicating the distributions of the mean grain size. Although much previous work has assumed that the mean launch speed of saltating particles varies in proportion to shear velocity, simulations using a constant mean launch speed were found to yield the closest approximations to the mass flux distributions observed in the field. Both exponential and gamma distributions of launch velocity produced realistic simulations, although the latter approach required the inclusion of an additional reptation component to achieve good results. A range of mean launch angles and an equivalent sphere correction were also found to generate comparable results, providing the other input parameters could be varied freely. All the modelling approaches overestimated the proportion of mass flux occurring at the bottom of the vertical distributions, and underestimated the proportion occurring at the upwind end of the horizontal distributions. No theoretical shortcoming that would account for these small, but systematic, discrepancies could be identified, and experimental error thus represents a more plausible explanation. The conclusion that mean grain launch speeds are essentially constant and independent of shear velocity suggests that the additional kinetic energy extracted by grains under more energetic wind conditions is largely transferred to the bed, and that increases in the transport rate are therefore driven primarily by the ejection of additional grains. It is suggested that the kinetic energy of rebounding grains is constrained by the ability of the bed to resist deformation, equivalent to a plastic limit. Hence, grains of larger mass (diameter) rebound from the bed at lower speeds, and follow shorter, lower trajectories, as has been widely observed previously. 相似文献
889.
890.