华北平原地下水年龄校正   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

郭娇  石建省  王伟 《地球学报》2007,28(4):396-404

地下水14C年龄一般指地下水和土壤CO2隔绝至今的年代.地下水测年在地下水水文学中占有特殊的位置,地下水测年可以用来确定补给区,估算地下水流速度、流量、补给速率、水力传导系数和有效孔L隙度,而且年龄数据还可以用来完善地下水流模型.本研究选择华北平原为重点研究区,利用地下水中的同位素和化学组分的测试结果,应用水文地球化学及同位素水文学等相关知识,通过六种传统模型和反向质量平衡模型(NETPATH)对华北平原地下水年龄进行校正.根据年龄校正结果,分析了深层地下水的年龄变化特点,确定了水流路径上发生的水文地球化  相似文献   

气候变化和人类活动对华北平原水资源影响分析   总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8  

费宇红  张兆吉  张凤娥  王昭  陈宗宇  陈京生  钱永  李亚松 《地球学报》2007,28(6):567-571

华北平原是我国粮食的重要产地.地下水资源是该地区的主要供水水源,在开采量增加和气候变化的影响下,水资源问题制约着该地区的发展.特别是近些年来降水量减少、气温呈上升趋势,使本来就少的水资源更削弱了补给资源.通过对降水、蒸发、地表径流、地下水流场变化、地下水资源的系列变化分析,认为降水量减少、气温升高、人类治水工程和开采地下水等因素是造成本地区水资源减少的重要原因.  相似文献   

Coastal cooling/heating events: Laboratory experiments     

Natalia Demchenko  Irina Chubarenko 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(1):56-64

We report the results of laboratory experiments on water heating/cooling, performed in 5 m long water channel with a slope. About 63 series of photos were analyzed: for 3 locations, for 3 bottom slopes (3.7, 6.7 and 12 degrees) and for different Ra numbers. It was pointed out that there exist two types of mixing characterizing different circulations in the presence of slope: gravity current and undersurface jet; the thermal bar is the region where one type of mixing is replaced by another; the highest speed and flowrate are at the break point; the flow is three-dimensional.  相似文献   

Characteristics of strong ground motion data recorded in the Gubbio sedimentary basin (Central Italy)     

F. Pacor  D. Bindi  L. Luzi  S. Parolai  S. Marzorati  G. Monachesi 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2007,5(1):27-43

Various authors, analysing the set of accelerograms recorded at Gubbio Piana (GBP) (central Italy), have demonstrated that strong amplification occurs at this accelerometric station, which is installed within an alluvial basin. In particular, Ambraseys et al. [(2005a), Bull Earthq Eng 3:1–53; (2005b), Bull Earth Eng 3:55–73] observed that the strong motion peaks at GBP greatly exceed the median values predicted by the attenuation relationships they derived for Europe. In this work, we analyse and discuss some characteristics of the ground motion recorded at the GBP station. We show that the ground motion parameters, such as peak-ground acceleration and peak-ground velocity, are strongly influenced by the presence of locally induced surface waves that produce both a lengthening of the significant shaking duration and an increase in the peak values with respect to a nearby bedrock site. The basin-induced surface waves are observed in the three components of motion and their effects on the peak values are particularly evident in the vertical component. In the frequency domain, the energy of the surface waves is mostly restricted to the frequency band 0.4–0.8 Hz for both the horizontal and vertical components. The horizontal and vertical Fourier amplitudes are also very similar, and this indicates that the H/V spectral ratio technique is not applicable to describing the site response due to the propagation of seismic wave in a complex 2D/3D geological structure. Finally, a preliminary polarization analysis shows that the directions of polarization, as well as the degree of elliptical polarization, exhibit a strong variability with time, that may be related to a complex propagation of Love and Rayleigh waves within the basin.  相似文献   

STUDY ON VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS OF SST OBSERVED IN THE PAST 40 YEARS IN THE COASTAL REGION OF SOUTH CHINA     

潘蔚娟  钱光明  余克服  陈特固 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2007,13(2):177-180

To study the variation characteristics of SST in coastal south China, observed SST was analyzed for the past 44 years. The results show that the monthly and yearly averaged SST have rising trends, the yearly averaged SST's linearity rising rate is 0.12-0.19 ℃/decade in the years, the rising extents in winter are higher than those in summer. The variability in winter is larger than that in summer, with the largest in February and March. A majority of significant cold or warm events occurred in winter. A wavelet multiresolution method was used to analyze periodical characteristics of SST in coastal south China, all timescale decomposition series are very similar, and high-frequency decompositions within the year are dominant. Low-frequency decompositions show rising trends since the mid-1970.  相似文献   

冬春季江苏沿海大风的特征   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

孙燕  吴海英  沈树勤  曾明剑  严明良 《南京气象学院学报》2007,30(5):699-704

利用江苏2005-2006年460个自动站和加密站的风速资料,分析了2005-2006年冬春季发生的大风过程,研究发现冬春季沿海大风多由强冷空气引发,并具有一定的间断性、持续性、突发性和阵性特点,并对典型过程的阵性特征进行了分析.发现冷空气的入侵促使地面风场发展,大风u、v分量的变化与旋转系数具有很好的相关性,旋转系数的逐时波动与v分量的波动基本呈同位相变化趋势,而其与u分量的波动则有反位相关系;在冷空气影响前后,这样的相关特征始终维持.  相似文献   

Environmental Impact of Artificial Harbors in Tropic Pacific Oceanic Islands     

XUEChunting RussellHoworth HEChaoxiong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):99-105

1　Introduction　Oceanicislandsfallintoseveraldifferenttypes .Thecommontypesarevolcanicislands ,atollsandemer gentlimestoneislands (ScottandRotondo ,1 983;Woodroffe ,1 992 ) .Avolcanicislandinthetropicshasfringingor andbarrierreefs .Anatollhasaring shaped…  相似文献   

Bioenergetic responses in green lipped mussels (Perna viridis) as indicators of pollution stress in Xiamen coastal waters, China     

Wang S  Hong H  Wang X 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):738-743

Samples of green lipped mussels (Perna viridis) were collected from three sites (Huoshao, I’Maluan and Tong’an) around Xiamen coastal waters, where levels of various trace organic pollutants have been studied. Samples were also collected at a “cleaner” reference site near Dongshan Island for comparison. Clearance rate, absorption efficiency and oxygen consumption of the mussels were measured under controlled laboratory condition; organic pollutants in their tissues were also analyzed. Scope for growth (SFG) was employed as a general biomarker to evaluate the stress of pollutants. Specimens from Tong’an site had the lowest SFG values (1.14 J/h/g); while specimens from the I’Maluan site and Huoshao site had SFG values of 5.01 and 6.72 J/h/g, respectively. Specimens from Dongshan (reference site) had a relatively high SFG value of 10.96 J/h/g. There was a significant negative correlation between the SFG of the different populations of green lipped mussels and the concentration of DDT in their tissues.  相似文献   

Specific accumulation and temporal trends of organochlorine contaminants in Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) from Japanese coastal waters     

Kajiwara N  Watanabe M  Tanabe S  Nakamatsu K  Amano M  Miyazaki N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(10):1089-1099

Organochlorine compounds (OCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), chlordane related compounds, hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (HCHs), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), tris(4-chlorophenyl) methane (TCPMe) and tris(4-chlorophenyl) methanol were determined in the blubber of Dall's porpoises (Phocoenoides dalli) collected from Japanese coastal waters in 1998/1999. Among OCs analyzed, PCBs were the predominant contaminants with concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 39 microg/g on a wet weight basis. OCs concentrations were relatively low and less variable in mature females possibly due to the lactational excretion from their bodies, while in males the concentrations were increased with body length. Concentrations and compositions of DDTs and HCHs showed significant differences between the truei-type population off the Pacific coast of northern Japan and dalli-type from the Sea of Japan/Okhotsk, suggesting its usefulness to discriminate different populations. OCs levels detected in truei-type porpoises collected in 1998/1999 were lower than those collected in 1984, except TCPMe. On the other hand, except DDTs, the residue levels of other organochlorines in dalli-type porpoises showed no significant decrease since 1984.  相似文献   

全球变化中的浅海沉积作用与物理环境演化——以渤、黄、东海区域为例   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

高抒 《地学前缘》2002,9(2):329-335

以渤、黄、东海陆架区为例 ,综合评述入海沉积物通量、浅海沉积作用和人类活动影响下的物理环境变化。黄河、长江沉积物入海后主要堆积于河口附近 ,沉积速率为 10～ 10 0mm/a ,部分物质输运至陆架区 ,形成泥质沉积体 ,其沉积速率为 1mm/a量级。但目前河流入海沉积物通量呈减小趋势 ,今后河口附近的堆积将会减缓 ,并在总体上转化为侵蚀状态。在过去的 7ka里 ,来自黄河、长江等河流的沉积物形成了河口三角洲、滨海平原、潮流脊和潮汐汊道沉积体系 ,其演化方式是双重的 ,既有常态边界条件和外力作用下的演化 ,又有边界条件和外力作用发生变异时的演化。边界条件和外力作用变异的原因包括入海通量变化、全球气候变化、海面上升和人类活动等。建议从中国海岸带城市化发展的现状和需求出发 ,对此进行深入研究。  相似文献