露天煤矿周围的四种植被重金属富集和转移特征分析     

阿不都艾尼&#  阿不里  塔西甫拉提&#  特依拜  玉米提&#  哈力克  师庆东  尼格拉&#  塔西甫拉提  塔依尔江&#  艾山  阿尔祖娜&#  阿布力米提 《干旱区地理》2017,40(6):1207-1217

采用野外调查和室内化学分析相结合的方法,对新疆准东露天煤矿周围常见的假木贼（Anabasis aphylla）、梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）、琵琶柴（Reaumuria songoonica）、蛇麻黄（Ephedradistachya）等四种植物对重金属的吸收、富集能力和来源进行了分析。结果表明：植物体内重金属含量大小来看,Zn、Cu、Cr含量较大,Pb、As和Hg含量较少。假木贼根部的Cr含量以及四种植被体内Hg含量均超过了植被生长的正常范围。从植物与相应土壤中的重金属相关性来看,假木贼,琵琶柴体内Zn、Cu元素,琵琶柴体内Zn、Hg、As元素,梭梭体内的Zn、Cu、As元素与相应土壤中的重金属含量相关性较好,植物体内的重金属主要来自于土壤,交通运输,大气降尘等多种来源。植物对重金属的富集和转移能力表明,假木贼（2.89）,琵琶柴（1.14）,梭梭（1.72）对Hg有一定的富集能力,其富集能力大小顺序为假木贼>梭梭>琵琶柴,它们属于潜在的Hg富集植物。蛇麻黄对Cu具有较强富集能力。假木贼,琵琶柴和梭梭对Zn、Cr和Pb具有较好的转移能力。这三种植物对重金属均有一定的耐性,可作为矿区土壤植物修复的优选物种。  相似文献   

LONG TERM SEDIMENT YIELD AND MITIGATION IN A SMALL SOUTHERN PIEDMONT WATERSHED     

D.M. Endale 《国际泥沙研究》2000,(1)

lINTRoDUCTlONTheSouthernPiedmo12tph}siographicregioninthesoutheasternUnitedStatescoversaboutl6.5millionhae\tendingl2OOkmtYomsouthernVirginiatoeast-centralAlabamaandliesbetweentheAppalachianMountainsandthesouthernCoastalPlain(Carrekeretal.,l977).ThePiedmontslopessoutheast\\ardtbrapproximatel}25Oto3ookmtYom35omabovesealeveladjacenttothemountainsto]OOmabo\7esealevela1ongthesoLltheasternedge.Thislbothillsregionisdissectedbymanystreams.Thetopograph}isgentI}rolling,x`ithgentletomoderates…  相似文献   

海湾扇贝南移后繁殖期的变动     

陈敏  何进金 《台湾海峡》1994,(2)

本文根据海湾扇贝的肥满度、肉柱百分数、性腺指数及消化脓指数等指标的周年变化，并结合性腺的组织切片来确定其繁殖期。结果表明，海湾扇贝南移后的繁殖期是从每年的10月下旬开始的，直到翌年5月下旬，其中4月为繁殖盛期。繁殖期间，扇贝的性腺分批成熟，分批排放，并有消退与恢复的现象。同时，海湾扇贝引进中国北方海区并南移福建后，其繁殖规律与原产地（美国大西洋沿岸）的繁殖期有很大的不同。  相似文献   

Land‐use Effects on Anion‐associated Cation Leaching in Response to Above‐normal Precipitation     

Kristofor R. Brye  John M. Norman 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2004,32(3):235-248

Fertilizers and liming agents are generally used to achieve optimal economic yields. However, several negative effects of long‐term annual fertilization of nitrogen (N) in particular have been observed, such as reduced cation exchange capacity and decreased base saturation, which may stimulate accelerated leaching loss of other nutrients. Equilibrium‐tension lysimeters installed at a depth of 1.4 m were used to evaluate leaching of soil‐solution ionic constituents from a tallgrass prairie restoration and optimally and deficiently N‐fertilized, no‐tillage (NT) and chisel‐plowed (CP) maize (Zea mays L.) agroecosystems on Plano silt loam soil (fine‐silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudoll). This study was conducted in south‐central Wisconsin, USA during a 1‐year period of above‐normal precipitation between January 2000 and January 2001. The loss of soluble constituents added to agroecosystems to maintain adequate soil fertility and pH, such as N, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium, was generally numerically smaller from the natural prairie 25 years after conversion from cultivated agriculture than from optimally and deficiently N‐fertilized, NT and CP maize agroecosystems, though the differences were not significant. Tillage and fertilizer N‐rate generally did not significantly affect drainage, ionic concentrations, or their leaching losses in the maize agroecosystems, though all parameters evaluated tended to be numerically smaller in the deficiently than optimally N‐fertilized maize agroecosystems. Nitrate‐N leaching losses were generally significantly positively correlated with leaching losses of K, Ca, Mg, and Na in the maize agroecosystems, but not for the prairie, indicating that nitrate‐N leaching plays a significant role in the concomitant loss of cations to maintain soil‐solution charge balance in N‐fertilized maize agroecosystems in a temperate environment.  相似文献   

Measurement and prediction of water movement in a field soil: The matrix-macropore dichotomy     

K. R. J. Smettem  P. J. Ross 《水文研究》1992,6(1):1-10

The saturated and unsaturated flow properties of a field soil under two tillage treatments were obtained with ponded rings and disc permeameters of dissimilar radii. No difference was observed between tillage treatments but the flow properties displayed a distinct macropore-matrix dichotomy, with K changing by an order of magnitude as ψ₀ went from just - 30 mm to zero. Accurate prediction of time to incipient ponding was achieved using both numerical and analytical models calibrated with field hydraulic properties that were characteristic of the soil matrix. However, extension of the numerical model to the prediction of the wetting front development under non-ponded conditions was less accurate due to localized preferred wetting It is hypothesized that at this site, localized concentration of rainfall and hence, preferred wetting, May, occur by interception and stemflow associated with lines of standing stubble present in the original seeding slots.  相似文献   

南极长城站地区卫星多普勒定位的数据处理及精度分析          下载免费PDF全文

陈春明  鄂栋臣  徐绍铨 《极地研究》1990,2(4):57-63

本文论述了南极长城站地区卫星多普勒定位的数据处理工作。简要介绍定位的数学模型,并着重分析了南极地区卫星多普勒定位的结果。通过对预处理、仪器频漂、单点定位、联测定位、解的收敛状态以及广播星历误差等方面的分析,作者认为在南极地区利用卫星多普勒定位技术进行高精度大地测量或冰川运动监测等都是一种有效的定位手段。最后给出了一些有关数据与结论。  相似文献   

Comparing traditional and modern methods of kākahi translocation: implications for ecological restoration     

《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2012,46(1):102-114

ABSTRACT

Handling methods are an important determinant of translocation success. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, tangata whenua traditionally used insulated kete to translocate aquatic animals to new environments as part of ahumoana tawhito (ancient aquaculture). In this study we investigated the influence of three transport methods (traditional [flax kete], modern [bucket], and a hybrid of the two [bucket with flax support structures]) on the short-term performance (burrowing speed) of kākahi (freshwater mussels). We also tested whether assisted release (planting kākahi in the substrate) resulted in enhanced burrowing speeds. Kākahi that were transported using the traditional method were slower to begin probing the substrate, but there was no difference in overall burrowing speed. We also found that assisted release resulted in faster burrowing speeds. We conclude that handling and release procedures can influence the short-term performance of translocated kākahi, and we recommend procedures for future translocation projects, including transporting animals in immersion vessels where practical, and planting them at the release site  相似文献   

Metal(loid)s Uptake and Effects on the Growth of Helianthus tuberosus Cultivar‐Clones Under Multi‐Polluted Hydroponic Cultures          下载免费PDF全文

Blanca Montalbán  Mª Carmen Lobo  Juan Alonso  Araceli Pérez‐Sanz 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2016,44(10):1368-1374

  相似文献   

Changes in SOC and nutrients under intensive tillage in two types of slope landscapes   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Fucheng Li  Jianhui Zhang  Zhengan Su 《山地科学学报》2012,9(1):67-76

The net effect of tillage erosion on soil properties would be associated with the spatial variation in soil constituents,and therefore plays an important role in ecological agriculture.We conducted a consecutive tillage by hoeing 15 times during a period with no rainfall in the two slope landscapes(a linear slope and complex slope) of the Yangtze Three Gorges reservoir areas,to examine the relationship between soil erosion rates and the variations in soil chemical properties and compare the effects of soil redistribution on SOC and nutrients between the linear and complex slopes.After the simulated tillage,notable changes in 137 Cs inventories of the soil occurred in the summit and toeslope positions on the linear slope,while there were significant changes in 137 Cs inventories at convex and concave positions on the complex slope.Soil profile disappeared at the summit slope boundary,with the exposure area of 16.0% and 7.6% of the experimental plot,respectively,for the linear and complex slopes due to no soil replacement.Soil organic C and nutrients were completely depleted with the disappearance of soil profiles at soil eroding zones,whereas a remarkable increase in SOC,total N and available nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil and a decrease in total nutrient concentrations(P and K) were found at depositional zones on the linear slope.For the complex slope,however,changes in SOC and nutrient concentrations of the post-tillage surface soil exhibited a patterndifferent from that on the linear slope,which showed a remarkable decrease in SOC and total nutrient concentrations but a slight increase in available nutrient concentrations after tillage in the toeslope position.Due to the gradual increase in soil depth from top to bottom of the slope,SOC and nutrient inventories in the soil profiles were significantly correlated with soil redistribution rates on both the linear and complex slopes.Tillage causes remarkable changes of soil chemical properties in the surface soil layer and soil profile,and increases SOC and nutrient inventories for the soil profile downslope in steeply sloping landscapes.  相似文献   

Nesting ecology and hatching success of the hawksbill turtle (2004–2014) on Cousine Island,Seychelles     

J Gane  I Olivier  M Brown 《African Journal of Marine Science》2020,42(1):53-65

Populations of the Critically Endangered hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata in the Seychelles showed significant declines in the past. They have since recovered and nesting numbers are increasing because of increased protection and management intervention. Data on their nesting ecology on Cousine Island were collected and analysed for the breeding seasons from 2004/2005 to 2013/2014 with the aim of improving management methods. The findings indicate that the number of nesting individuals increased during the study period (from x? = 34.3 nesters between 2004 and 2009, to x? = 55.4 nesters between 2010 and 2014); however, the clutch frequency was relatively low compared with other study areas. Night-time nesting increased, most likely because of increased disturbances across the study period. Clutch sizes decreased significantly across the nesting season, and there was a significant drop in hatching success in clutch sizes exceeding 200 eggs. The predation rate and infertility rate each showed an increasing trend over time. Nests incubating in full sun showed the highest mean hatching success rate and had the shortest mean incubation duration. The present study provides insight into the species’ nesting ecology on Cousine Island and will better inform management decisions aimed at increasing hatching success and minimising threats such as beach erosion and predation.  相似文献