基于GIS的区域地质调查数字制图——以1∶5万《里庄幅》为例          下载免费PDF全文

廖忠礼  刘晓蓉  陈乔  廖光宇  朱弟成 《沉积与特提斯地质》2002,22(3):107-111

本文以1：5万里庄幅为例，阐述了运用G1S系统对区调过程中各种资料的处理与编辑方法，并介绍了数字制图方法及工艺流程，提出了GIS系统在1：5万区调工作中的应用前景。  相似文献   

The sedimentary record of drifting ice (early Wisconsin Sunnybrook deposit) in an ancestral ice-dammed Lake Ontario, Canada     

Nicholas Eyles  Carolyn H. Eyles  Todd A. Randall 《Quaternary Research》2005,63(2):171-181

Outcrops of pebbly mud (diamict) at Scarborough in Southern Ontario, Canada (the so-called Sunnybrook ‘Till’) are associated with the earliest incursion of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) into mid-continent North America some 45,000 years ago. The Sunnybrook is a blanket-like deposit containing deepwater ostracodes and occurs conformably within a thick (100 m) succession of deltaic and glaciolacustrine facies that record water depth changes in a large proglacial lake. Contextual evidence (associated facies, sedimentary structures, deposit geometry and landforms) indicates a low energy depositional setting in an ice-dammed ancestral Lake Ontario in which scouring by floating ice masses was an important process. U-shaped, iceberg-cut scours (with lateral berms) up to 7 m deep, occur on the upper surface of the Sunnybrook and are underlain by ‘sub-scour’ structures that extend several meters below the scour base. Ice-rafted concentrations of clasts (‘clast layers’), grooved surfaces formed by floating ice glissading over a muddy lake floor (‘soft sediment striations’) and melanges of sand and mud mixed by grounding ice keels (‘ice keel turbates’) are present and are all well known from modern cold environments. The wider significance of this depositional model is that the LIS margin lay east of Scarborough and did not overrun Southern Ontario. This finding is in agreement with recent data from the Erie Basin of Canada, Ohio, and Indiana where deposits formerly correlated with the Sunnybrook (and thus implying an extensive early Wisconsin ice sheet) are now regarded as Illinoian. A speculative hypothesis is proposed that relates deposition of the Sunnybrook and two younger deposits of similar sedimentology, to surge-like instabilities of the southern LIS margin.  相似文献   

南极冰川学与全球变化研究新进展          下载免费PDF全文

温家洪  康建成  孙波 《极地研究》1997,9(3):72-77

南极冰川学与全球变化是最近举行的“南极与全球变化：相互作用和影响”国际学术研讨会的主题。南极冰盖净物质平衡的观测和估算，冰盖物质平衡与气候变化的预测模型；南极冰雪大气、气候和环境化学；南极深冰芯分析，及其与其它古环境记录的对比研究，是目前南极冰川学研究的几个热点、关键问题。  相似文献   

Single grain optical dating of glacigenic deposits   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

G.A.T. Duller   《Quaternary Geochronology》2006,1(4):296-304

Determining the age of glacigenic sediments is difficult for many geochronological methods because of the lack of suitable materials for analysis. Luminescence dating can be applied to the mineral grains making up the glacigenic sediments. However a major source of uncertainty in previous studies has been whether the mineral grains were exposed to sufficient daylight prior to deposition for the luminescence signal to be reset. Measurements of the optically stimulated luminescence signal from single sand-sized quartz grains offers the potential for explicitly identifying if a sediment contains grains that were not exposed to sufficient daylight to reset their signal. Statistical analysis of the resulting data can then reject those grains to allow the age of the sample to be determined. This study is the first to apply single grain optical dating to glacigenic sediments, and demonstrates the issues involved by analysis of samples from Chile and Scotland. Ages from 2.4±0.5 to 17.3±1.5 ka are produced. Comparison of the results with independent age control suggests that the ages are reliable. The results also show that the extent of bleaching at deposition varies considerably from one sample to another. For the most incompletely bleached sample, luminescence measurements based on the average of many hundreds or thousands of grains would have overestimated the age of the sample by 60 ka, but the single grain method proposed here was able to reliably date it.  相似文献   

藏北羌塘盆地上三叠统那底岗日组与下伏地层沉积间断的确立及意义   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

付修根 王剑汪正江  陈文西 《地质论评》2007,53(3):329-336,I0003

藏北羌塘盆地上三叠统那底岗日组呈近东西带状展布，下部主要为凝灰岩、凝灰质砂岩夹流纹岩、玄武岩，上部主要为含砾砂岩、泥质粉砂岩和生物碎屑泥灰岩。笔者等野外调查中首次在下伏的上三叠统肖茶卡组顶部发现古风化壳，结合在那底岗日组底部识别出来的不同底界类型和底砾岩特征，证实那底岗日组与下伏地层之间存在沉积间断。早期磁性地层研究中也曾发现了该沉积间断的存在，间断时间被认为约2Ma。运用已有的生物地层资料确定肖茶卡组地层的沉积时间（晚三叠世诺利期一瑞替期），从而推测那底岗日组火山岩形成时代略晚于这个时间，很可能早于前人关于该套地层的时代认识。那底岗日组火山岩可能对研究东特提斯地区的晚三叠世生物绝灭、气候变化以及海退事件有重要意义。  相似文献   

藏北若拉岗日结合带上、下二叠统之间不整合界线的发现及其地质意义     

杨子江李学智  王海涛李咸阳 《地质通报》2007,26(4):398-403

若拉岗日结合带是金沙江结合带的西延部分,通过近年来的研究和地质调查,在该地区和邻区原命名的中、上三叠统若拉岗日群(T2-3rl)中有了较多的新发现。这些新发现表明这套地层是多时代地层的组合体,不限于中、上三叠统,并发现上二叠统地层与下伏石炭系—下二叠统之间为不整合接触关系,与上覆下三叠统之间为整合接触关系。这些发现都为重新认识该地区的地质构造演化提供了重要的资料。  相似文献   

藏北北羌塘盆地那底岗日组时代归属的新证据   总被引：17，自引：9，他引：17  

王剑  汪正江  陈文西  付修根  陈明 《地质通报》2007,26(4):404-409

藏北北羌塘盆地那底岗日组是一套角度不整合于三叠系肖茶卡组灰岩之上、假整合伏于侏罗系雀莫错组陆源碎屑岩之下的一套陆相火山岩夹火山碎屑岩及陆源碎屑岩地层,现有的资料都将其时代归属于早侏罗世。取自北羌塘盆地不同地区的2个那底岗日组流纹质晶屑凝灰岩和1个流纹质英安岩样品的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果分别为205Ma±4Ma、208Ma±4Ma和210Ma±4Ma,它们代表了那底岗日火山岩的形成时代,即那底岗日组的时代应为晚三叠世中期(诺利期)。那底岗日组形成时代的重新确定,对于重新认识羌塘盆地中生代火山喷发事件、羌塘盆地的性质与沉积构造演化具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Velocity and concentration profiles of particle movement in sheet flows     

Yu-Hai Wang  Guo-Hua Yu 《Advances in water resources》2007

Sheet flows occur widely in natural free-surface flows including rivers in flood, tidal estuaries and coastal waters in storm conditions when bed shear stress becomes sufficiently high. Particle volumetric concentration in sheet flows normally follows a linear distribution with the Rouse [Rouse H. Modern conceptions of the mechanics of fluid turbulence. Trans ASCE, 1937;102:463–543] distribution applicable in the dilute water column above the sheet-flow layer. However, a well-verified formula for determining particle velocity distribution in sheet flows is still lacking. This paper presents formulas to describe the particle velocity profile in steady or oscillatory sheet flows. They compare well with measured data. In particular, the novel formula for determining the particle velocity at the top of bedload–sediment-dominated sublayer in sheet flows is also well verified with measured data.  相似文献   

淮北平原覆盖区土壤采样密度及其环境质量研究——以1∶5万高炉集幅为例     

陶春军  史春鸿  张笑蓉  管后春  贾十军 《物探与化探》2021,(1):200-206

以1∶5万高炉集幅为研究对象,在6个点/km 2及4个点/km 2两种采样密度条件下,土壤元素在地球化学参数特征及空间分布上均相近,表明该图幅内采样密度4个点/km 2可以满足1∶5万土地质量调查评价工作的要求。基于不同采样密度下土壤元素地球化学特征的对比分析,提出淮北平原覆盖区地质背景相对单一的连片耕地区开展1∶5万土地质量调查时可采用最低采样密度(4个点/km 2)。土壤环境质量评价结果显示,区内土壤环境质量优良,以优先保护类土壤为主,安全利用类土壤仅零星分布,影响土壤环境质量的指标为Cd,研究结果可为该地区实施绿色无公害产业发展提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Glacial geomorphology of Teesdale,northern Pennines,England: Implications for upland styles of ice stream operation and deglaciation in the British-Irish Ice Sheet     

David J.A. Evans  Matthew Dinnage  David H. Roberts 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(6):697-735

The glacial geomorphology of Teesdale and the North Pennines uplands is analysed in order to decipher: a) the operation of easterly flowing palaeo-ice streams in the British-Irish Ice Sheet; and b) the style of regional deglaciation. Six landform categories are: i) bedrock controlled features, including glacitectonic bedrock megablocks or ‘rubble moraine’; ii) discrete mounds and hills, often of unknown composition, interpreted as weakly streamlined moraines and potential ‘rubble moraine’; iii) non-streamlined drift mounds and ridges, representing lateral, frontal and inter-ice stream/interlobate moraines; iv) streamlined landforms, including drumlins of various elongation ratios and bedrock controlled lineations; v) glacifluvial outwash and depositional ridges; and vi) relict channels and valleys, related to glacial meltwater incision or meltwater re-occupation of preglacial fluvial features. Multiple tills in valley-floor drumlin exposures indicate that the subglacial bedform record is a blend of flow directions typical of areas of discontinuous till cover and extensive bedrock erosional landforms. Arcuate assemblages of partially streamlined drift mounds are likely to be glacially overridden latero-frontal moraines related to phases of “average glacial conditions” (palimpsests). Deglacial oscillations of a glacier lobe in mid-Teesdale are marked by five inset assemblages of moraines and associated drift and meltwater channels, named the Glacial Lake Eggleshope, Mill Hill, Gueswick, Hayberries and Lonton stages. The Lonton stage moraines are thought to be coeval with bedrock-cored moraines in the central Stainmore Gap and likely record the temporary development of cold-based or polythermal ice conditions around the margins of a plateau-based icefield during the Scottish Readvance.  相似文献