Three-dimensional numerical simulation for transport of oil spills in seas   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Shou-Dong Wang  Yong-Ming Shen  Ya-Kun Guo  Jun Tang 《Ocean Engineering》2008,35(5-6):503-510

This study extends previous two-dimensional research [Wang, S.D., Shen, Y.M., Zheng, Y.H., 2005. Two-dimensional numerical simulation for transport and fate of oil spills in seas. Ocean Engineering 32, 1556–1571] to three dimensions in order to investigate the vertical dispersion/motion of the spilled oil slick, which is a more realistic model of the motion of the spilled oil. To this end, a three-dimensional (3-D) model, based on the particle approach, is developed for simulating oil spill transport and fate in seas. The amount of oil released at sea is distributed among a large number of particles tracked individually. These particles are driven by a combination of water current, wave- and wind-induced speed and move in a 3-D space. Horizontal and vertical diffusion are taken into account using a random walk technique. The model simulates the most significant processes which affect the motion of oil particles, such as advection, surface spreading, evaporation, dissolution, emulsification, turbulent diffusion, the interaction of the oil particles with the shoreline, sedimentation and the temporal variations of oil viscosity, density and surface tension. In addition, the processes of hydrolysis, photo-oxidation and biodegradation are also considered in this model. The model has been applied to simulate the oil spill accident in the Bohai Sea.  相似文献   

适应人口发展的现代化综合交通运输体系研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

赵鹏军  吕迪  胡昊宇  曹毓书  谢金芯  庞亮  曾良恩  张听雨  袁丹丹 《地理学报》2020,75(12):2699-2715

自国家“十五”规划起,中国现代化综合交通运输体系构建以填空白、补短板、大规模设施建设为主,但近年来人口的增长、流动、空间集聚和生活方式等均发生了新的显著变化。以人为本,科学实施“交通强国”国家战略,亟待开展适应人口发展的现代化综合交通运输体系研究。本文基于国家发展与改革委员会国家“十四五”规划前期重大问题研究的部分成果,从人口与交通系统耦合协同机制出发,在深入分析人口发展及其交通需求趋势的基础上,提出适应人口发展的中国综合交通体系“钻石战略”。以京津冀、长三角、粤港澳、成渝城市群为“钻石”四极,以京沪通道、沪粤通道、粤川通道、京川通道为四边,以长江水陆通道、京港澳通道为十字骨架,以人口流入流出高强度的节点地区为枢纽,并提出构建适应人口发展的现代化综合交通运输体系实施重点,支撑国家重大空间发展战略;实施交通强国、适应人口发展;以人民为中心,打造高品质交通服务。  相似文献   

中国交通部门污染物与温室气体协同控制模拟研究     

冯相昭  赵梦雪  王敏  杜晓林  田春秀  高霁 《气候变化研究进展》2021,17(3):279-288

开展交通领域大气污染物与温室气体协同减排研究对于实现能源、环境和气候变化综合管理具有重要意义.文中以我国交通部门污染物与温室气体协同治理为切入点,开展道路、铁路、水运、航空和管道运输等各子部门未来需求预测,并运用长期能源可替代规划系统模型(LEAP),通过构建基准情景、污染减排情景、绿色低碳情景和强化低碳情景,模拟分析...  相似文献   

中国建设用地省际分布的统计分析   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

梁进社 《地球科学进展》2002,17(2):195-200

建设用地的扩张是中国耕地减少的最重要因素，通过建立建设用地分布的定量关系，揭示建设用地增长的动力学基础。通过居民点和工矿用地、交通用地、建设用地总量（前二者之和）的省际分布与人口、人均耕地的省际分布的单因素和双因素统计分析发现：这三者的分布与这两个因素存在很强的二元线性相关；人口分布对居民点和工矿用地总量分布的影响要比对交通用地总量分布的影响大，人均耕地分布对这二者的人均值分布的影响，则恰恰相反。  相似文献   

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S167498711200151X     

Xiaoyue Gao  Luofu Liu  Zhenxue Jiang  Xiaoqing Shang  Guodong Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2013,4(6):779-786

The unconformity surface at the bottom of the Paleogene is one of the most important migration pathways in the Sikeshu Sag of the Junggar Basin,which consists of three layers：upper coarse clastic rock,lower weathering crust and leached zone.The upper coarse clastic rock is characterized by higher density and lower SDT and gamma-ray logging parameters,while the lower weathering crust displays opposite features.The transport coefficient of the unconformity surface is controlled by its position in respect to the basal sandstone; it is higher in the ramp region but lower in the adjacent uplifted and sag areas.The content of saturated hydrocarbons increases with the decrease of the content of nonhydrocarbons and asphaltenes.The content of benzo[c] carbazole decreases as the content of benzo[a]carbazole and [alkyl carbazole]/[alkyl ＋ benzo carbazole] increases.This suggests that the unconformity surface is an efficient medium for the transportation of hydrocarbons.  相似文献   

唐山开滦煤矿区Se、Hg元素地球化学特征及其迁移循环规律研究          下载免费PDF全文

张秀芝  马忠社  王志军  谢伟民 《地质科学》2012,(3):908-920

唐山开滦煤矿已有百余年的开采史。河北平原多目标区域地球化学调查在矿区内发现了以Se、Hg元素为主的多种微量元素土壤地球化学异常。本文利用地球化学方法,研究Se、Hg元素地球化学空间分布特征、赋存状态及其在表生环境中的迁移循环规律。结果表明,Se、Hg元素含量在大气降尘中高度富集,土壤异常区与煤田分布范围几乎一致。Se、Hg元素主要通过大气降尘及地表水系途径在煤-大气-土壤-水系体系内迁移,迁移过程中其赋存状态发生了改变,活化趋势明显。迁移范围遍及矿区外围1 200 km²区域及流经矿区的整个水系覆盖区域。  相似文献   

Mode of occurrence and taphonomy of the heteromorph ammonite Pravitoceras sigmoidale Yabe from the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group,Japan     

《Cretaceous Research》2016

The heteromorph ammonite Pravitoceras sigmoidale Yabe, of the family Nostoceratidae, is the zonal marker of the upper Campanian P. sigmoidale Zone in southwest Japan, and is the main component of ammonite assemblages in this zone. We explain the taphonomic processes underlying the occurrence of P. sigmoidale in the Izumi Group, specifically in the Minato (Awaji Island), Anaga (Awaji Island), Koike–Omoizaki (Shikoku), and Hidonodani sections (Shikoku). The first two sections consist mainly of the non-turbiditic Northern Marginal Facies (NMF), while the latter two sections comprise the Main Facies (MF), a turbiditic facies deposited in waters deeper than those of the NMF. We recognise three modes of occurrence of P. sigmoidale, as follows: (1) In nodules crowded with P. sigmoidale (NCP); this mode occurs only in the NMF, and includes juvenile and adult specimens, together with other ammonites such as Solenoceras (Oxybeloceras) aff. humei (Douvillé), (2) In mudstone with isolated P. sigmoidale (MIP), which is found in all of the sections studied, (3) In sandstone with isolated P. sigmoidale (SIP), which occurs only in the MF. Adult individuals of P. sigmoidale are dominant in most of the sections, while juveniles were observed only in the Minato section, which originally was closer to land areas. The number of specimens of P. sigmoidale and Solenoceras spp. tends to increase in sections representing depositional environments proximal to terrestrial areas. Ammonite assemblages could have been transported from shallow- to deep-water settings by turbidity currents. The sorting of components by transport processes likely contributed to the formation of these fossil assemblages in different areas. This is an important clue to understanding the habitat of heteromorph ammonite life assemblages consisting mainly of P. sigmoidale.  相似文献   

Application of Uranium Isotope Chronology for Partical Comminution in the Eolian Dust System     

Yuanhe Fu  Le Li  Jun Chen 《地球科学进展》2018,33(10):1034-1047

The wind dust system is an important part of the terrestrial surface system and plays an important role in many key belts. The mechanism of wind dust and the handling process are important to understand the environmental function of wind dust and to interpret the paleoclimate record. In the past, traditional geochemical methods can only reflect the rock composition or age in the final denudation zone, and it is not possible to distinguish the different silt mechanism and the intermediate process under the same eventual source background, which is one of the biggest challenges of the present research. The ²³⁴U/²³⁸U ratio of fine matter caused by alpha decay recoil reflects the time experienced by the particle since it was broken and may be able to effectively trace the mechanism of wind dust generation and the transport of the intermediate process, but the age of uranium isotope fragmentation is rarely used in the wind dust system. The complicated factors restricting the wide application of uranium isotope were summarized, and according to the latest research progress, the verification and development of the uranium isotope comminution age in the wind dust system, and the problem solution of the mechanism of wind dust production and the way of transporting were discussed.  相似文献   

2008年9月四川一次持续暴雨过程触发及维持特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李金建  张宗磊  马振峰  范雄 《气象与减灾研究》2010,33(1):53-57

利用NCEP1°×1°6h再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2008年9月22—27日四川盆地持续性暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明:副热带高压、东北冷涡、低空切变、青藏高原东部高空槽以及台风是影响此次暴雨过程的主要天气系统;来源于南海及孟加拉湾的低层偏南气流提供了稳定的水汽输送;暴雨前期850hPaθse场呈典型的"Ω"形分布;强烈的上升运动触发不稳定能量释放,有利于强降水天气的发生发展。  相似文献   

东海透光度分布的夏季特征及其与陆架悬浮体运移的关系     

白虹  华锋  冯志纲  靳朝晖 《海洋科学》2002,26(5):45-48

利用1987年夏季 (6～7月 )中国科学院海洋研究所“科学1号”船在东海考察的透光度资料 ,分析了透光度在东海的分布特征以及与东海陆架悬浮体运移的关系 ,结果表明 :(1)沿123 30′E北上的台湾暖流宛如一道屏障 ,将长江的悬浮物质阻挡在123 30′E以西 ;(2)长江口门北面的悬浮物质由于受到长江冲淡水转向和北上的台湾暖流的共同作用 ,难以继续贴岸南下 ;(3)台湾暖流和黄海暖流很可能是黄海沿岸流携带的悬浮物质不能继续向深海输运的主要原因 ,两支流似乎也起到了屏障作用 ,将悬浮物质阻挡在126 30′E以西和30 30′N以北 ;(4)温跃层的存在是底层高悬浮体含量的海水难以到达表层的主要原因  相似文献