Fish Canyon Tuff榍石He扩散及(U- Th)/He年代学研究     

喻顺  田云涛 《地质学报》2023,97(1):278-290

榍石富含U和Th,是(U-Th)/He定年的理想矿物之一。本文以Fish Canyon Tuff榍石为例,开展了榍石He扩散行为和榍石(U-Th)/He定年实验方法研究。榍石分步加热扩散实验结果表明He扩散系数ln(D/a²)与温度倒数呈负相关,与期望的热活化扩散过程一致。测试Fish Canyon Tuff榍石(U-Th)/He年龄分布在28.3～24.6 Ma之间,平均值为26.7±1.2 Ma (1σ),Th/U分布在4.6～5.5之间,平均值为5.2±0.2,在误差范围内与国际上已出版数据一致,表明建立的榍石(U-Th)/He定年实验方法可靠。本次测试15粒榍石碎片外表层(～20μm)存在不同程度的磨蚀(即不完整晶体),且榍石表层磨蚀厚度随着等效半径的增加而增大。榍石碎片(U-Th)/He年龄介于完整晶体(U-Th)/He年龄和真实(U-Th)/He年龄之间,且随着榍石等效半径及表层磨蚀厚度(<20μm)的增大,(U-Th)/He年龄更接近真实年龄,这表明榍石(U-Th)/He年龄不确定度与等效半径大小和表层磨蚀厚度有关。  相似文献   

Volcanic tuffs from Hesse (Germany) and their weathering behaviour   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Enno Steindlberger 《Environmental Geology》2004,46(3-4):378-390

In the Hessian region of Germany numerous deposits of tuffs are known from which natural building stones were extracted. Many buildings show examples of the use of this material in the past. In contrast to their attractive appearance and ease of extraction from quarries, tuffs are liable to destruction by weathering. Most common damages are disintegration, crumbling, cracking, scaling and flaking. In this paper, the causes of damage of selected varieties have been analysed using petrographical and petrophysical methods. The measured values are disadvantageous in comparison to other natural building stones. Large amounts of swellable clay minerals, mostly forming the cementing material, cause scaling due to repeated humidification. High porosity including negative pore structures and high adsorption effects results in structural damages while freezing. Consequently, most varieties of the described tuffs possess a limited usage as an outdoor building material.  相似文献   

Lateral variations within coarse co-ignimbrite lithic breccias of the Kos Plateau Tuff, Greece     

S. R. Allen  R. A. F. Cas 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(5):356-377

 Coarse, co-ignimbrite lithic breccia, Ebx, occurs at the base of ignimbrite E, the most voluminous and widespread unit of the Kos Plateau Tuff (KPT) in Greece. Similar but generally less coarse-grained basal lithic breccias (Dbx) are also associated with the ignimbrites in the underlying D unit. Ebx shows considerable lateral variations in texture, geometry and contact relationships but is generally less than a few metres thick and comprises lithic clasts that are centimetres to a few metres in diameter in a matrix ranging from fines bearing (F2: 10 wt.%) to fines poor (F2: 0.1 wt.%). Lithic clasts are predominantly vent-derived andesite, although clasts derived locally from the underlying sedimentary formations are also present. There are no proximal exposures of KPT. There is a highly irregular lower erosional contact at the base of ignimbrite E at the closest exposures to the inferred vent, 10–14 km from the centre of the inferred source, but no Ebx was deposited. From 14 to <20 km from source, Ebx is present over a planar erosional contact. At 16 km Ebx is a 3-m-thick, coarse, fines-poor lithic breccia separated from the overlying fines-bearing, pumiceous ignimbrite by a sharp contact. This grades downcurrent into a lithic breccia that comprises a mixture of coarse lithic clasts, pumice and ash, or into a thinner one-clast-thick lithic breccia that grades upward into relatively lithic-poor, pumiceous ignimbrite. Distally, 27 to <36 km from source Ebx is a finer one-clast-thick lithic breccia that overlies a non-erosional base. A downcurrent change from strongly erosional to depositional basal contacts of Ebx dominantly reflects a depletive pyroclastic density current. Initially, the front of the flow was highly energetic and scoured tens of metres into the underlying deposits. Once deposition of the lithic clasts began, local topography influenced the geometry and distribution of Ebx, and in some cases Ebx was deposited only on topographic crests and slopes on the lee-side of ridges. The KPT ignimbrites also contain discontinuous lithic-rich layers within texturally uniform pumiceous ignimbrite. These intra-ignimbrite lithic breccias are finer grained and thinner than the basal lithic breccias and overlie non-erosional basal contacts. The proportion of fine ash within the KPT lithic breccias is heterogeneous and is attributed to a combination of fluidisation within the leading part of the flow, turbulence induced locally by interaction with topography, flushing by steam generated by passage of pyroclastic density currents over and deposition onto wet mud, and to self-fluidisation accompanying the settling of coarse, dense lithic clasts. There are problems in interpreting the KPT lithic breccias as conventional co-ignimbrite lithic breccias. These problems arise in part from the inherent assumption in conventional models that pyroclastic flows are highly concentrated, non-turbulent systems that deposit en masse. The KPT coarse basal lithic breccias are more readily interpreted in terms of aggradation from stratified, waning pyroclastic density currents and from variations in lithic clast supply from source. Received: 21 April 1997 / Accepted: 4 October 1997  相似文献   

塔里木盆地北部下奥陶统碳酸盐岩孔洞充填物特征及其成岩环境分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

张聪  于炳松  樊太亮  黄文辉  朱井泉  吴仕强 《地学前缘》2008,15(2):100-108

为了正确分析和评价碳酸盐岩溶蚀孔洞在埋藏成岩环境中的发育和保存条件,对塔里木盆地北部露头剖面中下奥陶统白云岩及其溶蚀孔洞的充填物进行了详细的矿物学和地球化学研究,试图对这类孔洞充填物沉淀时的成岩环境进行恢复。大型洞穴充填物的矿物学特征和微孔洞充填物扫描电镜的分析表明,此类孔洞的环带状充填物具有明显的世代性,由基岩向孔洞中心,至少可识别出4期充填物,即第1期的乳白色白云石,第2期的铁质浸染的杂色高镁方解石,第3期的无色透明白云石和第4期的自形石英。碳、氧同位素分析结果表明,孔洞充填物形成于高温条件,结合微量元素、稀土元素所示的成岩信息可进一步推断其形成于高温埋藏环境,而非现代表生暴露期的充填物;第1期和第3期白云石充填物形成在相对还原且高盐度的流体性质条件下,而第2期高镁方解石充填物沉淀时相对偏氧化,盐度也偏低。据下奥陶统此类4期充填物的特征分析可知,第2期高镁方解石充填物的发育可能与构造抬升导致成岩环境的改变有关。  相似文献   

The Study on Pyroclastic Deposits in the Longgang Volcanic Swarm, Northeastern China     

《东北亚地学研究》2000,(1)

  相似文献   

无锡某地基埋藏型岩溶发育特征及充填物来源   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

李肖南  阎长虹  许宝田  段成龙  周殷康 《中国岩溶》2015,34(1):79-85

研究埋藏型岩溶的发育特征和充填物来源对拟建超高层建筑的选址及持力层的选择具有重要意义。本文通过跨孔地震CT对溶洞和破碎带进行探测,并对部分代表性溶洞的充填物进行比重试验、颗粒分析和X射线衍射分析,结合现场工程地质情况,研究了距地表以下80余米处岩溶的规模、分布情况、岩溶发育特征及溶洞充填物来源。结果表明:溶洞发育规模较小,面积多在2m2以下,在垂直方向具有多层性;溶洞充填率达到92.7%,多为硬塑泥质全充填,承载力较大,可作为基础持力层;溶洞填充物的矿物成分基本相同,且与上覆基岩一致,充填物来源主要为上覆基岩的剥蚀;溶洞之间不存在大的连通通道,且地下水位已降至场地溶洞以下,故该处溶洞不会进一步发育,不会对上部地基稳定性造成威胁。   相似文献   

西太平洋中段沉积盆地新生代构造-沉积演化特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

何陵沅  鲍志东  覃勤  田作基  茆书巍  宋健  张云逸  邓堃 《古地理学报》2016,18(3):441-456

西太平洋中段位于欧亚板块、太平洋板块和印度洋板块的交汇处,是全球沟弧盆体系最为发育的地区,主要发育弧后盆地、弧前盆地和陆架边缘盆地。文中通过综合研究西太平洋中段17个盆地的大地构造背景、盆地的形成与演化和沉积特征后认为:(1)各类盆地的构造-沉积演化均经历4个期次。弧前盆地和弧后盆地的构造-沉积演化可分为俯冲期(K₂-E)、盆地发育期((Ｎ_１^１ -Ｎ_１³)、沉降期(Ｎ_１⁴-Ｎ_１⁵)和挤压期(N₂-Q):俯冲期发育火山岩和变质岩基底,局部为海相碎屑岩;盆地发育期以海相沉积为主,伴有火山活动,局部发育陆相沉积;沉降期以海相和三角洲相沉积为主;挤压期以三角洲相和海相沉积为主,局部发育河湖相沉积。陆架边缘盆地的构造-沉积演化也分为4期,分别为前裂陷期(K₂-E₁)、裂陷期(E₂-(E₃^１)、拗陷期(E₃²-Ｎ_１³)和沉降期(Ｎ_１⁴-Q):前裂陷期和裂陷期主要发育冲积扇—河流—湖泊沉积体系,火山活动强烈;拗陷期沉积环境由陆相向海陆过渡相演化;沉降期以海相和海陆过渡相沉积为主。(2)不同类型盆地的构造-沉积演化特征各不相同:弧前盆地构造以挤压和板块俯冲为主,平均沉积厚度为3.6,km,总体由海陆过渡相向陆相演化;弧后盆地构造受板块俯冲后撤和弧后洋壳扩张作用控制,平均沉积厚度为4.8,km,总体由海相向海陆过渡相演化;陆架边缘盆地构造呈下断上拗双层结构,平均沉积厚度超过10,km,总体由陆相演化为海相。  相似文献   

The basaltic to trachydacitic upper Diliman Tuff in Manila: Petrogenesis and comparison with deposits from Taal and Laguna Calderas     

Maria Carmencita B. Arpa  Lina C. Patino  Thomas A. Vogel 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008

The basaltic to trachydacitic (50–65 wt.% SiO₂) upper Diliman Tuff is the youngest deposit of a sequence of tuffaceous deposits in Metro Manila. The deposit is located north of Taal Caldera and northwest of Laguna Caldera, which are both within the Southwest Luzon Volcanic Field. Chemical variations in the pumice fragments within the upper Diliman Tuff include medium-K basalt to basaltic andesite, high-K basaltic andesite to andesite and trachyandesite to trachydacite. Magma mixing/mingling is ubiquitous and is shown by banding textures in some pumice fragments, considerable range in groundmass glass composition (54 to 65 wt.% SiO₂) in a single pumice fragment, and zoning in plagioclase phenocrysts. Simple binary mixing modeling and polytopic vector analysis were used to further evaluate magma mixing. Trace-element variations are inconsistent with the medium-K and high-K magmas being related by crystal fractionation. The medium-K basalts represent hotter intrusions, which induced small degrees of partial melting in older crystallized medium-K basaltic material within the crust to produce the high-K magmas. All melts likely differentiated in the crust but the emplaced and new basaltic intrusions originated from the mantle wedge and were generated by subduction zone processes. The volcanic source vent for the upper Diliman Tuff has not been identified. In comparisons with the deposits from adjacent Taal and Laguna Calderas it is chemically distinct with respect to both major- and trace-element concentrations.  相似文献   

塔里木盆地玉北地区中下奥陶统鹰山组溶洞充填物稀土元素特征及其意义^*          下载免费PDF全文

吴仕强  高晓鹏  蔡习尧  李慧莉  余腾孝  唐攀 《古地理学报》2017,19(3):469-479

中下奥陶统碳酸盐岩古岩溶型储集层的特征、演化及纵横向分布是塔里木盆地玉北地区勘探关注的重要问题,而YB7井在鹰山组钻遇的溶洞及其充填物为研究该地区中下奥陶统古岩溶作用提供了契机。研究区YB7井中下奥陶统鹰山组溶洞充填物以长石石英砂岩为主,文中将其稀土元素组成特征与该地区志留系依木干他乌组和克孜尔塔格组、泥盆系东河塘组、石炭系巴楚组及塔中地区志留系柯坪塔格组和塔塔埃尔塔格组进行对比,以分析其物源及溶洞的演化时限。结果显示: 4个溶洞充填物样品稀土元素配分模式表现为轻稀土轻微富集,重稀土稍显亏损,具有明显的Ce负异常和轻微的Eu正异常,与东河塘组和柯坪塔格组的特征较为接近。溶洞充填物的ΣREE平均为36.48 μg/g,与东河塘组最为接近,而与柯坪塔格组相距甚远。玉北地区缺失柯坪塔格组,至巴楚组沉积前一直处于构造高部位,故柯坪塔格组不具备为YB7井溶洞提供物源的基础。玉北地区西部局部钻遇东河塘组,而YB7井周边缺失该组,故综合稀土元素组成特征、沉积特征及构造背景认为,YB7井溶洞充填物来源于东河塘组,其形成于暗河系统,且东河塘组沉积后至巴楚组沉积前是玉北地区重要的岩溶储集层发育时期。  相似文献   

充填物的力学响应对裂隙渗流的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈金刚  张景飞 《岩土力学》2006,27(4):577-580

针对膨胀性充填物对裂隙岩体渗流影响方面研究较少的现状,基于大冶铁矿充填介质的水理性质和蚀变岩体力学参数测试成果,在充填物膨胀压力与蚀变岩体力学参数对比分析的基础上探讨了充填物的力学响应对裂隙渗流的影响。研究表明,充填物的膨胀效应对蚀变岩体力学变形起着重要的控制作用,充填物膨胀产生的拉张效应和剪切效应都导致裂隙渗透性的显著增加,并且充填物的塑化效应和液化效应也明显提高了裂隙的渗透性。  相似文献