Grouting and support techniques used in the Karstic limestones of the Jura mountains for the LEP underground laboratory     

C. Laughton 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1988,6(4):353-365

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遥感在灾害调查中产生的社会经济效益——以北京市门头沟区洪水、地质灾害遥感调查为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卓宝熙 《地球信息科学学报》2001,3(4):48-52

本文叙述了北京市门头沟地区洪水、泥石流等灾害遥感技术调查的概况。同时指出,该成果对门头沟区历年的汛期防灾部署起到重要作用,成为防灾救灾的重要依据,产生了巨大的社会经济效益。文中对该区主要灾害的类型及其危害程度作了评价,同时按村镇的受害程度,将村镇分为4类,并对每类村镇受灾害的危害程度及应采取的措施,提出了具体意见。还对日后可能发生严重灾害的潜在因素进行了分析。  相似文献   

深层地震勘探在深埋特长隧道勘察中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄正发  王云安  王红明 《山地学报》2004,22(3):363-367

以沪蓉国道主干线湖北省高坪一吉心段大水井隧道的工程地质勘察为例，讨论了深层地震勘探在深埋特长隧道勘察中的应用。利用深层地震反射波法可以有效地探测覆盖层、各风化层以及不同基岩界面的埋藏深度，根据波速判断隧道围岩类别、探测不良地质现象(喀斯特、断层、节理裂隙等)等。因此，深层地震勘探可为隧道的设计、施工提供必要的地质依据。  相似文献   

Displacement analysis of tunnel support in soft rock around a shallow highway tunnel at Golovec   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Karmen Fifer Bizjak  Borut Petkovšek 《Engineering Geology》2004,75(1):89-106

Within the last 10 years Slovenia has been constructing its highway network. The Golovec tunnel, as a part of Slovenia's capital ring is thus one of the most important connections of Ljubljana to the east and to the north. It is a double tube three-lane tunnel in soft rock with small to medium overburden. Its construction, following NATM, caused huge problems to all parties involved. The tunnel support was well monitored during its construction, which gave the authors a good opportunity to analyse the results.The Golovec tunnel is constructed through one of few hills surrounding Ljubljana, of Carboniferous age, consisting of clastic rock: siltstone, claystone and sandstone. Golovec hill belongs to the first of two overthrusting zones from this area, so the rock is strongly faulted.Tunnel monitoring consisted of daily 3-D tunnel tube displacement measurements in 97 measuring sections, and of two measuring sections within the tunnel with more complex measuring equipment, to monitor stress changes and rock deformations around both tunnel tubes. Monitoring of the surface 3-D movements gave us the opportunity to study the influence of the tunnel construction on the surface above it. The tunnel, its geology, construction procedure and monitoring results are described in the first part of the paper.The second part consists of the interpretation of monitored results, with an emphasis on results concerning development and evolution of the excavation-damaged zone in the rock around the tunnel. Back-calculations, performed as a basis for the interpretation procedure, are also presented in this part. Calculations of the propagation of the tunnel destressed zone and stress-field around the tunnel, up to the surface, were performed by means of numerical model with the finite difference method. The evolution of tunnel displacements and their prediction was based on the use of Back Propagation Neural Networks, whose principles are presented in one chapter of this paper. Results showed that the most important, for the final settlement at the surface above the tunnel, was the time of installation and rigidity of the primary support. On the basis of the calculated final displacements, this support could easily be strengthened in a short time, when necessary.  相似文献   

Tunnelling in difficult ground: a case study from Dranaz tunnel, Sinop, Turkey     

A. Aydin  A. Ozbek  I. Cobanoglu 《Engineering Geology》2004,74(3-4):293-301

This paper presents a case study of the instability mechanisms, and the excavation sequence, re-qualification and reinforcement methods adopted to pass through a short segment of a nearly 2-km tunnel built as part of a new 55-km state highway in northern Turkey. The instability problems were encountered during tunnel excavation due to the failure to recognize the fact that alteration in stress field and resulting deformation could cause dilation and increase in the permeability of claystone-shale layers and local fault gouge zones, and in turn significant reduction in shear strength. Change in natural drainage pattern and capillarity exacerbated saturation and the consequent strength reduction. The 92-m³ loose material flowed into the tunnel due to the collapse and caused 2.5 months of delay in completion of the tunnel. Longitudinal and oblique cracks observed in shotcrete were attributed to the reduction in modulus upon saturation, which caused a large cumulative deformation of approximately 110 mm at a section about 30 m behind the collapse face.

It is concluded that early detection or prediction of potentially problematic zones (via probe drilling and monitoring) in tunnelling is of paramount importance, especially through mixed or difficult ground conditions characterized by alternating layers, folding, faulting and localized zones of high water pressure. Because mechanical detection methods cannot be fully relied upon, availability of experienced personnel to predict and deal with such instability problems effectively and promptly is the best insurance for successful completion of tunnelling contracts.  相似文献   

卫星遥感技术在城市绿地调查方面的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孟昭山  杨士伟 《测绘与空间地理信息》2003,26(2):54-56

采用卫星遥感图像作为主要的数据源,以野外调查和其他资料为辅,通过对影像的解译,进行绿地调查,对有效地提高绿化生态环境效益具有重要意义。  相似文献   

用SPOT图像进行土地利用调查和动态监测研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

张京红  申双和  李秉柏 《南京气象学院学报》2001,24(1):99-105

选取常熟市绿塘等5个乡为试验区，用1994年和1999年的SPOT资料作为信息源，用人机交互式解释法进行土地利用现状分类及动态监测，并将1994年调查结果与同年航空像片详查值作对比，进行了精度分析。将1999年SPOT卫片判读结果与1994年航片详查对比，可得到5乡一级土地分类的动态面积和动态率，其中耕地5a间的动态率为－18．3‰，并与常熟市国土局统计值得出的动态面积和动态率作了比较。研究结果表明：SPOT卫片监测县级土地利用是可行的，选择适宜的SPOT卫片时相以及剔除细小地物的影响，可提高解释判读精度。  相似文献   

遥感技术在安徽省石台县崩塌地质灾害调查中的应用     

晁玉珠  杨则东 《安徽地质》2001,11(4):289-291

利用遥感航卫片解译，结合野外实地调查，分析研究石台县崩塌地质灾害的分布现状及发育特征和形成条件以及发展趋势预测。  相似文献   

农业地质与土壤调查   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱礼学  郭建强  邓泽锦 《四川地质学报》2001,21(3):181-183

土壤是农业生态系统中的物质基础，是农业地质研究的主要对象。土壤调查按研究的目的不同，可分为农业土壤学调查。环境土壤学调查和地球化学土壤学调查。本文扼要阐述了各种土壤调查的方法和应用前景。  相似文献   

渝怀铁路圆梁山隧道桐麻岭背斜东翼岩溶涌水突泥灾害与整治方案比选     

蒋良文  易勇进  杨翔  陶伟明 《地球科学进展》2004,(Z1)

圆梁山隧道是在建铁路重庆至怀化线的关键性控制工程,隧道全长11.068km,最大埋深约780m。隧道施工穿越桐麻岭背斜东翼时,遇到了水平循环带岩溶强烈发育地段,该地段岩溶十分发育,且连通性好;加之数次强降雨,DK361 764、DK360 873等段多次突发大规模的涌水突泥砂、块石灾害,造成部分施工机具掩埋损毁,施工掘进严重受阻,蒙受巨大的经济损失,初步分析认为涌水突泥与地下暗河或岩溶泉群的主管道网络发生较为密切的联系,可以直接接受大气降水补给。为了确保隧道施工和运营安全,针对背斜东翼段岩溶发育情况、涌水突泥特征及其降雨影响程度,进行了泄水洞排水、平导排水、封堵和堵排结合4个整治方案比选,最终采用了泄水洞方案;2003年5～9月雨季,背斜地区多次普降(特)大暴雨,DK361 764、DK360 873等地段又再次突发大规模的涌突水(泥、砂、块石),都通过兴修的泄水洞排泄掉了,隧道及其村砌结构安然无恙,表明采用泄水洞方案整治背斜东翼段的岩溶涌水突泥灾害是正确的选择。  相似文献