大别山碰撞造山带的地球动力学   总被引：33，自引：4，他引：33  

王清晨  林伟 《地学前缘》2002,9(4):257-265

大别山碰撞造山带的形成和其中超高压变质岩的形成折返具有统一的动力学过程。对大别山超高压变质岩形成 -折返的研究表明 ,大别山的超高压变质作用是冷大陆地壳被前导洋壳下拽而持续俯冲的结果。超高压变质岩的折返是多阶段的。第一阶段 (2 30～ 2 10Ma)在低地温梯度 (约10℃ /km)下发生同俯冲折返 ;第二阶段 (2 10～ 170Ma)的折返由深俯冲板片的断离引发 ,浮力开始起作用 ;第三阶段 (170～ 12 0Ma) ,以区域性岩浆活动、穹隆伸展构造活动和深剥蚀沉积为特征。从分析超高压变质岩的形成折返过程入手 ,以侏罗纪末作为时间参照点 ,以合肥盆地的侏罗系顶界作为当时的地理参照点 ,根据不同岩石单元中岩石的形成深度和碰撞造山中的位移状态 ,可把大别山碰撞造山带划分为原位系统、准原位系统、异位系统和热穹隆改造系统等结构单位。陆陆碰撞造山带形成的物理学前提是俯冲陆壳物质的低密度 ,而最终形成造山带的直接动力学过程则是深俯冲板片的断离及其引发的一系列近垂向运动的地质过程。  相似文献   

Subduction of Continental Crust in the Early Palaeozoic North Qaidam Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphic Belt, NW China:Evidence from the Discovery of Coesite in the Belt   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

YANG Jingsui  XU Zhiqin  SONG Shuguang  ZHANG Jianxin  WU Cailai  SHI Rendeng  LI Haibing  Maurice BRUNEL  Paul TAPPONNIER Institute of Geology  Chinese Academy of Geological Science  Baiwanzhuang Rd.  Beijing  China Department of Earth Sciences  University of Montpellier II  Montpellier  France Institut de Physique du Globe  Paris Cedex  France 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(1):63-68

Coesite was discovered as inclusions in zircon separates from pelitic gneiss associated with a large eclogite body in the North Qaidam ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane. Some graphite inclusions were also found. This finding suggested the occurrence of in-situ UHP metamorphism and that the terrane was most likely recrystallized at pressures below the diamond stability field. It supported other previous indirect UHP evidence, such as polycrystalline quartz inclusions in eclogitic garnet, quartz lamellae in omphacite and P-T estimates for both eclogite and garnet peridotite. The U-Pb and Sm-Nd ages of the North Qaidam eclogite indicated that subduction of continental crust occurred in the Early Palaeozoic, which probably recorded a collision between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze plates.  相似文献   

On Continent-Continent Point-Collision and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

DONG Shuwen  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Baiwanzhuang Ro  Beijing WU Hongling  LIU Xiaochun  XUE Huaimin Institute of Geomechanics  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing Fei Zhenbi 《《地质学报》英文版》2002,76(1):69-80

Up to now it is known that almost all ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism of non-impact origin occurred in continent-continent collisional orogenic belt, as has been evidenced by many outcrops in the eastern hemisphere. UHP metamorphic rocks are represented by coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogites and eclogite facies metamorphic rocks formed at 650-800℃ and 2.6-3.5 GPa, and most of the protoliths of UHP rocks are volcanic-sedimentary sequences of continental crust. From these it may be deduced that deep subduction of continental crust may have occurred. However, UHP rocks are exposed on the surface or occur near the surface now, which implies that they have been exhumed from great depths. The mechanism of deep subduction of continental crust and subsequent exhumation has been a hot topic of the research on continental dynamics, but there are divergent views. The focus of the dispute is how deep continental crust is subducted so that UHP rocks can be formed and what mechanism causes it to be subducte  相似文献   

大别山碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩构造分析   总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7  

索书田  钟增球等 《地学前缘》2001,8(2):385-394

大比例尺 (1∶10 0 0 0 )构造制图及构造分析表明 ,碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩石含有丰富的构造演化历史记录。同碰撞或挤压组构只保留于榴辉岩及其它超高压变质岩透镜体内部 ,表现为高角度网络状超高压剪切带与弱应变透镜体域规律组合格式。前者由面理或糜棱岩化榴辉岩组成 ,后者由块状榴辉岩及石榴橄榄岩组成。碰撞期后伸展构造表现为区域性的假单斜状 ,内部呈低缓角度的网络状强应变带及所环绕的透镜状弱应变域组合格式 ,强应变带的岩石为由榴辉岩退变成的角闪岩相高压片麻岩及部分熔融形成的含榴花岗岩 ,透镜状弱应变域的岩石为弱角闪相改造的榴辉岩及石榴橄榄岩。不同尺度上同碰撞或挤压组构及碰撞期后伸展组构所显示的这种残斑基质流变学结构样式 ,虽然与先期原岩成分、结构、流变学的不均一性有关 ,但主要是多期递进应变分解作用的结果 ,支持榴辉岩“原地”成因模式。依据构造学证据和可利用的岩石学及同位素年代学资料 ,分析了超高压变质岩石的形成及折返过程 ,指出碧溪岭地区超高压变质岩石是在 2 45～ 2 10Ma形成的 ,碰撞期后伸展作用主要发生在 2 0 0～ 170Ma。在超高压变质岩石向地壳表层折返过程中 ,张扭作用可能有重要功能 ,不支持碧溪岭地区遭受过多期超高压变质作用的推论。  相似文献   

赣中变质岩带对该区铀成矿控制作用的研究     

胡恭任  刘丛强  余达淦  章邦桐  于瑞莲 《大地构造与成矿学》2001,25(3):296-301

本文从变质岩带的含铀性分析入手,研究了赣中变质岩带中铀矿化与变质岩带的含铀性、构造岩浆活动带、变质岩带出露的动力学机制及变质核杂岩构造的关系。研究表明:铀成矿与构造岩浆活动带以及地壳减薄、地幔上隆和在变质核杂岩边缘沿着低角度正断层的地壳伸展构造有着实质的关系。  相似文献   

Strain segmentation and lateral membrane deformation rate of the subducted Ryukyu slab     

LingYun  Chiao 《Island Arc》1993,2(2):94-103

Abstract Focal mechanisms of intermediate-depth earthquakes within the subducted Ryukyu slab indicate a systematic pattern of down-dip extension in the northern part under Kyushu. These mechanisms switch rapidly around the Tokara channel to down-dip compression in the southern part toward Taiwan. This intriguing pattern of strain segmentation, together with the differences between the slab geometry of the northern and southern parts, has raised the question of whether stress segmentation, as defined possibly by a tear fault, might exist in the slab. However the Ryukyu trench has a concave oceanward shape in the northern segment while it is convex in the southern oceanward part toward Taiwan. The inflection zone is located around the Tokara channel. The concept of Gaussian curvature of a curved surface suggests that the along-arc variation of the geometric configuration of a subducted slab is related to the shape of the trench. This is in order to accommodate the lateral membrane deformation of the slab as the oceanic lithosphere subducts from a spherical shell to the geometry delineated by the Wadati-Benioff zone. The membrane deformation regime of the subducted Ryukyu slab and its relation with the trench geometry was examined by assuming that the subduction be modelled by the flow field of a thin viscous sheet. A projection operator was utilized to compute the membrane strain-rate tensor of an arbitrary non-Euclidean surface. Numerical experiments indicated that the northern segment of the slab was dominated by lateral compression and down-dip extension and the southern part by lateral extension and down-dip compression. This transition is sharply located near the Tokara channel. These patterns were compatible with what had been observed from studies of focal mechanisms, suggesting that the strain segmentation might be controlled, at least in part, by the lateral membrane deformation within the slab due to the trench shape in this subduction zone. The slab geometry was predicted by minimizing the integrated total dissipation power; this revealed distinct features that were consistent with observations. This implies that the slab geometry may also be affected by the membrane deformation in a systematic fashion.  相似文献   

Modification Of The Standard ∈-Equation For The Stable Abl Through Enforced Consistency With Monin–Obukhov Similarity Theory     

Frank R. Freedman  Mark Z. Jacobson 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,106(3):383-410

A condition is derived for consistency of the standard-equation with Monin–Obukhov (MO) similarity theory of thestably-stratified surface layer. The condition is derivedby extending the procedure used to derive the analogous condition forneutral theory to stable stratification. It is shown that consistencywith MO theory requires a function of flux Richardson number, Ri_f, to be absorbed into either of two closure parameters, c ₁ or c ₂.Inconsistency, on the other hand, results if constant values of these are maintained for all Ri_f, as is done in standardapplication of the equation, and the large overpredictions ofturbulence found in such application to the one-dimensionalstable atmospheric boundary layer (1D-SBL) are traced to thisinconsistency. Guided by this, we formulate a MO-consistent-equation by absorbing the aforementioned function intoc ₁, and combine this with a Level-2.5 second-orderclosure model for vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivities.Numerical predictions of the 1D-SBL by the modified model converge to a quasi-steady state, rectifying the predictive failure of the standard -equation for the case.Quasi-steady predictions of non-dimensional variables agree stronglywith Nieuwstadt's theory. Qualitative accuracy of predictionsis inferred from comparisons to field data, large-eddy simulationresults and Rossby-number similarity relationships.  相似文献   

江苏青龙山磷灰石中出溶体的初步研究   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：5  

陈晶  曾令森陈方远梁凤华 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1921-1926

最近的研究证实，在大别-苏鲁超高压变质带的多硅白云母榴辉岩和超基性岩中的磷灰石矿物内普遍发育有针柱状出溶晶体，初步研究证明这些出溶晶体多为各种硫化物：如黄铁矿、黄铜矿等。本文重点研究苏鲁青龙山地区的多硅白云母榴辉岩和退变榴辉岩中磷灰石内的出溶晶体，通过扫描电镜、电子探针和X-光能谱的线扫描分析，确认这些出溶晶体是铜的硫化物，并根据无标样定量的分析结果初步推测有可能是CuS2晶体。目前已知的CuS2晶体都是在高温高压（T=700-1000℃和P=4．5-5．0GPa）条件下人工合成的。这样的温压条件与青龙山榴辉岩的超高压变质条件是吻合的。在磷灰石中能保存超高压的硫化物，可能是由于磷灰石自身的稳定性和化学惰性。因此推测在超高压变质作用中，磷灰石晶体中易于保存硫化物出溶体与石榴石和绿辉石中易于保存柯石英和金刚石的作用相类似。  相似文献   

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩绿帘石化学成分与流体包裹体特征     

翟伟孙晓明  梁金龙徐莉汤倩梁业恒苏丽薇 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):2029-2038

青龙山超高压变质榴辉岩中的绿帘石经历了四个演化阶段：早期绿帘角闪岩相进变质阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分以含铁高为特征，Fe2O3为14．796～17．84％，XFe=0．413～0．486，而CaO和Al2O3含量较低；柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段和石英榴辉岩相变质阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分呈现连续变化，核部相对富Fe2O3，为11．933～12．993％，XFe=0．322-0．358，而CaO和Al2O3含量低，主要形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段；边部Fe2O3的含量低，为9．628-10．138％，XFe=0．275～0．286，而CaO和Al2O3的含量高，主要形成于石英榴辉岩相退变质阶段；晚期退变质角闪岩相阶段形成的绿帘石，其化学成分与绿帘角闪岩相变质阶段相似，也以富含Fe2O3为特征，XFe=0．433。绿帘石化学成分的变化反映了苏鲁超高压变质带快速俯冲快速折返的过程。绿帘石中存在三种不同盐度的含Mg^2＋、Fe^2＋等金属阳离子的NaCl水溶液包裹体，高盐度（22．5wt％NaCl至略大于23．2wt％NaCl）的水溶液包裹体形成于柯石英榴辉岩相变质阶段，中高盐度（12．6-16．0wt％NaCl）的水溶液包裹体形成于石英榴辉岩相变质阶段，而中等盐度（6．4-11．7wt％NaCl）的溶液包裹体形成于角闪岩相退变质阶段。绿帘石中流体包裹体的研究证实超高压变质作用及后期的折返过程中并不存在大规模的流体作用，变质流体的活动限于矿物晶体颗粒范围。  相似文献   

The problem of underpowered rivers     

Fred Worrall  Tim P. Burt  Gregory R. Hancock  Nicholas J.K. Howden  John Wainwright 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(15):3869-3878

This study has hypothesized that for many rivers the trade-off between flow accumulation and the decrease in slope along channel length means that stream power increases downstream and, moreover, that given the low slope angles in headwater and low-order streams, they would have insufficient stream power to erode let alone transport sediment. The study considered the stream power profile, the particle travel distances and the application of the Hjulström curve based on the velocity profile of nine, large UK catchments. The study showed that:

1. Some rivers never showed a maximum in their longitudinal stream power profile, implying that some rivers never develop a deposition zone before they discharge at the tidal limit.
2. Particle travel distances during a bankfull discharge event showed that for some rivers 91% of the upper main channel would not be cleared of sediment. Furthermore, while some rivers could transport a 2 mm particle their entire length in one bankfull event, for another river it would take 89 such events.
3. The Hjulström curve shows that for three of the study rivers the upper 20 km of the river was not capable of eroding a 2 μm particle.
4. The study has shown that for all rivers studied, erosion is focused downstream and deposition upstream. Many UK rivers have a dead zone where, on time scales of the order of centuries, no erosion or transport occurs and erosion only occurs in the lower courses of the channel where discharge rather than slope dominates – we propose these as underpowered rivers.

© 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd  相似文献