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21.
Karen Holm Olsen 《Climate Policy》2013,13(6):599-612
Abstract This article explores the history, from a developing country perspective, of how external interventions to implement global policies on the Climate Convention and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) have been integrated into national development policy frameworks in the period 1990–2005. The main question asked is to what extent external interventions have formed part of a country-driven approach in Uganda. The conflicting national and global priorities concerning the need for adaptation to the impacts of climate change versus the need for global mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are explored first. Against this background, Uganda's policy response to climate change is reviewed. National climate policies are found not to exist, and the implementation of global policies is not integrated into national policy frameworks, partly due to conflicting national and global priorities. Given limited national awareness and the fact that climate policy is marginal compared to other national interests in Uganda, the experiences with donor support for the implementation of global climate policy nationally are analysed. This article demonstrates that neither national policies nor national management of donor support have secured a country-driven approach to external interventions in Uganda. 相似文献
22.
《Limnologica》2021
In order to understand the ecological functioning of lake ecosystems, little is more crucial than knowledge of their mixing regime. However in tropical regions, this information is scarce for all except the largest lakes, and often inferred from occasional observation of physical water-column properties. In this study, a total of 276 water-column profiles of temperature, conductivity and dissolved oxygen collected between 2000 and 2017 in 60 volcanic crater lakes in equatorial western Uganda are used to classify these lakes according to mixing regime. Most study lakes are small (on average 29 ha), but together they cover a spectacularly large gradient in maximum depth (Zmax) between 1.4 m and > 220 m, and consequently they display a wide range of mixing regimes. We identified four lakes as continuous warm polymictic, 12 as discontinuous warm polymictic, and 11 other lakes mix completely once or twice each year. We classify these 11 lakes as equatorial dimictic, because they experience deep mixing during both dry seasons separated by long periods of stable stratification, while the season of complete mixing may differ between years and among neighbouring lakes. The 33 remaining lakes do not usually mix completely and are thus meromictic. Relative depth (Zr) is the main factor controlling the mixing regime of these lakes. The presence of a shallow permanent chemocline reduces mixing depth, and the smallest meromictic lakes (< 3 ha) tend to occasionally mix deeper than predicted by Zr. Based on these variables, predictions can be made about the mixing dynamics of Ugandan crater lakes not covered by our dataset. Previous suggestions that the mixing depth of tropical crater lakes is strongly influenced by the wind shelter provided by a high crater rim or by water-column transparency could not be confirmed. 相似文献
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24.
Increase in ownership and use of radios and mobile phones in Uganda may present opportunities for interactive and efficient agricultural extension services. Yet the impact of interactive radio on rural development has rarely been evaluated. In a participatory project, the International Union for the Conservation of Nature together with Farm Radio International and stakeholders from local government, radio, and community-based organizations promoted the increased use of forest landscape restoration activities though interactive rural radio programs, including innovative methods to reach populations not covered by radio. An evaluation found that 98% of people who listened to most or all of the broadcasts carried out one of the practices, whereas 84% of those who had listened to only one episode had used one of the practices. Inclusion of a wide range of community stakeholders from project inception was vital for presenting the project and embedding it within local institutional contexts. 相似文献
25.
ABSTRACTThe “subsumption of nature” framework focuses on productivity increases and extractive innovations in nature-based industries. In this article, we argue that it can also be employed beyond that context in order to capture the convoluted dynamics of market environmentalism. To substantiate our argument, we draw on recent fieldwork on “Trees for Global Benefits,” a forestry-based offsetting project in western Uganda. Like industrial tree plantations, this project relies on the subsumption of carbon sequestration to market imperatives in order to guarantee the quality of its carbon credits. The ecological and socioeconomic difficulties this process engenders give rise to unintended consequences and set in motion the disciplining of the carbon offset producers themselves. The application of the subsumption framework to nonindustrial sectors in this way calls attention to the interlinked socioecological dynamics involved in the subsumption of nature, and highlights potential synergies with previous work on the subsumption of labor. 相似文献
26.
We here respond to the critique by Purdon of an article on carbon forestry that we published in this journal last year (Carton and Andersson). While we welcome critical engagements with our work, Purdon’s argument is wide of the mark and appears based largely on misconceptions regarding our theoretical entry point and empirical findings. Underlying this are fundamental disagreements about the nature of carbon forestry, structure-agency dynamics, and how to understand environmental interventions in the global South more broadly. We argue that we are unlikely to “find common ground” in our respective analyses of the Trees for Global Benefits project unless we share a common understanding of the unequal power relations and fundamental geographical unevenness within which carbon projects operate. Contrary to what Purdon argues, this position has nothing to do with ignoring local benefits, nor with denying the agency of the smallholder farmers who participate in the project. We see no contradiction between an analysis that does justice to the various structural conditions that frame carbon forest projects, and a recognition of local agency. 相似文献
27.
'The gloomy forebodings of this dread disease', climate, famine and sleeping sickness in East Africa
GEORGINA H ENDFIELD DAVID B RYVES† KEELY MILLS† LEA BERRANG-FORD‡ 《The Geographical journal》2009,175(3):181-195
Identifying the nature of the association between climate, environmental, socio-economic and political context and disease remains a major challenge, yet a better comprehension of the linkages is imperative if predictive models to guide public health responses are to be devised. Our understanding of the relationships could be improved through investigations of historical epidemics. In this paper we draw on a range of published and unpublished documents to explore the complex relationship between climate, environmental change and epidemic disease (re)emergence in East Africa, and Uganda in particular. This is a region which has experienced climate variability at a range of temporal and spatial scales, but which also has a long history of episodic epidemic disease. We focus on the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries – a time of social, economic and political reordering in East Africa associated with European colonial intervention, but also a period which witnessed a variety of climatic, ecological and disease events. It will be argued that these developments coalesced, creating a set of spatially distinctive social and environmental conditions which fostered the emergence and prolongation of one of the most deadly episodes of disease in East African history, the sleeping sickness epidemic of c.1900–20. 相似文献
28.
B Smith S.R.N Chenery J.M Cook M.T Styles J.V Tiberindwa C Hampton J Freers M Rutakinggirwa L Sserunjogi A Tomkins C.J Brown 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》1998,65(1):1-15
The presence of elevated levels of dietary Ce and deficient levels of dietary Mg in southern India have been assigned as potential environmental cofactors in the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis. However, environmental exposure to Ce in tropical environments, where EMF is prevalent, is poorly understood because of wide variation in geochemical environments and local dietary habits. This paper describes collaborative studies based in Uganda to define environmental exposure pathways within a region where EMF is endemic, and represents the most common form of infantile heart condition. Data are presented from a survey of major foodstuffs, soils and waters which indicate that the most probable pathway for Ce exposure is from dust and inadvertent carriage of soil. In addition to substantiating observations made in southwestern India, detailed studies of Ugandan soils, dusts and waters indicate that Ce within the Ugandan environment is controlled by the presence of sub-20 μm particles in the soil. These are probably present as secondary rare earth minerals rather than monazite as assumed by workers in India. 相似文献
29.
I.Tumwikirize 《中国地震研究》1999,(1)
For earthquake-prone countries of the world, it is crucial to develop countermeasures and to share experiences in seismic hazard mitigation. The measures for seismic hazard mitigation are related to many factors, e.g., social, economic, and political. Research focused on modern science and technology paves the way for a better understanding of the earthquake phenomenon and helps to plan against its effects in seismically active areas.In this paper, we consider some of the events that occurred in earthquake-prone countries, both developing and developed, which caused devastation to the society and economy. These are mainly major events that have affected a considerable portion of the gross domestic product of these economies.Measures to mitigate seismic hazard are stressed and suggested. In addition, experiences in seismic hazard mitigation in Uganda and the rest of the world are discussed in general terms. Attention is given to geotectonic settings as well as the work of seismic hazard and disaster mana 相似文献
30.
A tectono-geomorphic model of the hydrogeology of deeply weathered crystalline rock: Evidence from Uganda 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
Deeply weathered crystalline rock forms important aquifers for public water supply throughout low-latitude regions of Africa,
South America, and Asia, but these aquifers have considerable heterogeneity and produce low well yields. Aquifers occur in
the bedrock and overlying weathered mantle and are the products of geomorphic activity of meteoric water, principally deep
weathering and stripping. The fundamental relationship between the hydrogeology and geomorphology of these terrains has, however,
remained unresolved. This study demonstrates the ability of a recently developed tectono-geomorphic model of landscape evolution
in Uganda to explain the hydrogeological characteristics of two basins, as determined using a combination of textural analysis,
slug tests, packer tests, and pumping tests. The geopetal imprint of long-term deep weathering and erosional unloading is
identified in the vertical heterogeneity of the fractured-bedrock and weathered-mantle aquifers; horizontal heterogeneity
is lithologically controlled. The two units form an integrated aquifer system in which the more transmissive (5–20 m2/d) and porous weathered mantle provides storage to underlying bedrock fractures (transmissivity, T, ≈1 m2/d). The thickness and extent of the more productive weathered-mantle aquifer are functions of contemporary geomorphic processes.
The utility of the tectono-geomorphic model, applicable to deeply weathered environments, is that it coherently describes
the basin-scale hydrogeological characteristics of these complex terrains.
Received, June 1999/Revised, January 2000/Accepted, January 2000 相似文献