徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件及其成因讨论   总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19  

潘国强  刘家润  孔庆友  吴俊奇  张庆龙  曾家湖  刘道忠 《高校地质学报》2000,6(4):566-575

徐宿地区震旦系为陆表浅海沉积,沉积 相以碳酸盐台地相为主。在潮上－潮下低 能沉积中,常间有阵发性高能沉积,并伴生有异常沉积构造。这些异常沉积构造及同生阶梯 状小断裂多为古地震遗迹,据此可识别出五个古地震遗迹密集分布层段。在研究区至少有两 次浅成-超浅成基性岩浆侵入活动,分别发生在早震旦世和晚震旦世。地震事件、岩浆侵入 事件与海平面升降有成因联系。研究表明,研究区震旦纪地质事件受控于伸展构造,地质事 件发生于738.6～604Ma之间。这一时限与中－新元古代超大陆Rodinia在780～600Ma逐步裂 解的时间是一致的,因而徐宿地区震旦纪地质事件的起因可能与Rodinia的裂解过程有关。 由“古郯庐裂陷带”至北秦岭北部边界断层北侧可能就是当时华北板块边缘的板内裂解带。  相似文献   

Review of the tectonics of the Levant Rift system: the structural significance of oblique continental breakup   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Yossi Mart  William B.F. Ryan  Oxana V. Lunina 《Tectonophysics》2005,395(3-4):209-232

The Levant Rift system is an elongated series of structural basins that extends for more than 1000 km from the northern Red Sea to southern Anatolia. The system consists of three major segments, the Jordan Rift in the south, El Gharb–Kara-Su Rift in the north, and the Lebanese Fault splay in between. The rifted parts of this structural system are accompanied by intensively uplifted margins that mirror-image the basinal pattern, namely, the deeper the basin—the higher its margins, and vice versa. Uplifts also occur along the fault splay section. The Jordan Rift comprises axial basins that diminish in size from the south northwards, and are separated from each other by shallow threshold zones along the axis of the rift, where the margins are also subdued. The Lebanese Fault splay consists of five faults that emerge from the northern edge of the Jordan Rift and trend like a fan between the north and the northeast. One of these faults connects the Jordan and El Gharb–Kara-Su rifts. The Levant Rift and its uplifted margins started to develop in the middle-late Miocene, and most of the structural development occurred in the Plio-Pleistocene.The Levant Rift system is characterized by its oblique displacement, and evidence for both dip-slip and strike-slip displacement was measured on its faults. Earthquakes also indicate that same mixed pattern, some of them show strike-slip offset, and others normal. It is generally conceded that the amount of normal offset along the boundary faults of the Rift system reaches 8–10 km, but the lateral displacement is disputed, and offsets ranging from 11 to 107 km were suggested. Assessment of the available data led us to suggest that the sinistral offset along the Levant Rift system is approximately 10–20 km. The similarity between the vertical and the lateral displacements, the basin and threshold structural pattern of the Rift, model experiments in oblique rifting, as well as the significant tectonic resemblance to the Red Sea and the East African rifts, indicate that the Levant Rift is the product of continental breakup, and it is probably an emerging oceanic spreading center.  相似文献   

南苏鲁超高压变质地体中罗迪尼亚超大陆裂解事件的记录   总被引：14，自引：11，他引：14  

许志琴刘福来  戚学祥张泽明杨经绥  曾令森梁凤华 《岩石学报》2006,22(7):1745-1760

通过苏鲁超高压变质地体南部不同类型超高压变质岩石的原岩重塑．揭示超高压变质岩的原岩形成于由大陆玄武质岩石、辉长岩、表壳岩和花岗岩组成的被动陆缘拉伸构造环境。中国大陆科学钻探主孔中不同类型超高压变质岩石的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年表明。花岗质片麻岩原岩年龄为780～680Ma；榴辉岩、石榴角闪岩的原岩年龄为765～730Ma，副片麻岩中包含了730Ma、680Ma、621Ma和较年轻的继承性碎屑锆石和结晶锆石年龄。结合前人的研究成果表明，苏鲁超高压变质地体南部正片麻岩类和榴辉岩的原岩所代表的花岗岩浆和基性岩浆活动为罗迪尼亚超大陆形成后的新元古代裂解事件的产物．而副片麻岩的原岩为新元古代．古生代时期形成的扬子被动陆缘的沉积-火山表壳盖层，它们与结晶基底一起在240～220Ma期间经历了超高压变质作用。  相似文献   

Political ecology in North America: Discovering the Third World within?     

Richard A. Schroeder  Kevin St. Martin  Katherine E. Albert 《Geoforum》2006,37(2):163-168

Political ecologists working in many other parts of the world are now heading north, or simply going global, posing a series of important questions related to theory, methodology, politics, and policy along the way. This special issue, contains papers originally delivered at a conference held at Rutgers University in 2003 that addressed this phenomenon. The papers collected offer case studies that reveal the First World as subject to a host of processes that can be insightfully understood via a political ecology perspective. First, globalized production and consumption regimes have created new linkages that demand synoptic analyses of often far-flung research sites. Second, the painful coincidence of deindustrialization and a radical restructuring of agricultural credit and price support systems have devastated North American and European heartlands, effectively producing “Third World” conditions in many depressed rural areas. Third, migration streams originating in Latin America, Africa and many parts of Asia have brought sizable Third World populations into the spatial heart of capitalism. Fourth, the belated recognition of some indigenous claims to resources, especially in Canada, and fierce opposition to others, have reopened questions of (internal) colonial domination. Finally, we see the burgeoning First World political ecology literature as the culmination of what Louise Fortmann has called “the long intellectual journey home” for many scholars who originally carried out research on/in the Third World. All of these factors have combined to help political ecologists discover suitable analytical terrain in the First World.  相似文献   

Gondwana breakup via double-saloon-door rifting and seafloor spreading in a backarc basin during subduction rollback   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A.K. Martin   《Tectonophysics》2007,445(3-4):245-272

A model has been developed where two arc-parallel rifts propagate in opposite directions from an initial central location during backarc seafloor spreading and subduction rollback. The resultant geometry causes pairs of terranes to simultaneously rotate clockwise and counterclockwise like the motion of double-saloon-doors about their hinges. As movement proceeds and the two terranes rotate, a gap begins to extend between them, where a third rift initiates and propagates in the opposite direction to subduction rollback. Observations from the Oligocene to Recent Western Mediterranean, the Miocene to Recent Carpathians, the Miocene to Recent Aegean and the Oligocene to Recent Caribbean point to a two-stage process. Initially, pairs of terranes comprising a pre-existing retro-arc fold thrust belt and magmatic arc rotate about poles and accrete to adjacent continents. Terrane docking reduces the width of the subduction zone, leading to a second phase during which subduction to strike-slip transitions initiate. The clockwise rotated terrane is caught up in a dextral strike-slip zone, whereas the counterclockwise rotated terrane is entrained in a sinistral strike-slip fault system. The likely driving force is a pair of rotational torques caused by slab sinking and rollback of a curved subduction hingeline.By analogy with the above model, a revised five-stage Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous Gondwana dispersal model is proposed in which three plates always separate about a single triple rift or triple junction in the Weddell Sea area. Seven features are considered diagnostic of double-saloon-door rifting and seafloor spreading:

i) earliest movement involves clockwise and counterclockwise rotations of the Falkland Islands Block and the Ellsworth Whitmore Terrane respectively;

ii) terranes comprise areas of a pre-existing retro-arc fold thrust belt (the Permo-Triassic Gondwanide Orogeny) attached to an accretionary wedge/magmatic arc; the Falklands Islands Block is initially attached to Southern Patagonia/West Antarctic Peninsula, while the Ellsworth Whitmore Terrane is combined with the Thurston Island Block;

iii) paleogeographies demonstrate rifting and extension in a backarc environment relative to a Pacific margin subduction zone/accretionary wedge where simultaneous crustal shortening occurs;

iv) a ridge jump towards the subduction zone from east of the Falkland Islands to the Rocas Verdes Basin evinces subduction rollback;

v) this ridge jump combined with backarc extension isolated an area of thicker continental crust — The Falkland Islands Block;

vi) well-documented EW oriented seafloor spreading anomalies in the Weddell Sea are perpendicular to the subduction zone and propagate in the opposite direction to rollback;

vii) the dextral strike-slip Gastre and sub-parallel faults form one boundary of the Gondwana subduction rollback, whereas the other boundary may be formed by inferred sinistral strike-slip motion between a combined Thurston Island/Ellsworth Whitmore Terrane and Marie Byrd Land/East Antarctica.

上扬子E-C转换期古地理格局及其地球动力学机制探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

侯明才  邢凤存  徐胜林  林良彪  刘欣春  熊富浩  黄虎 《沉积学报》2017,35(5):902-917

E-C转换时期上扬子陆块边缘呈现明显的台—棚格局,发育有广元—绵阳—磨溪、城口、峨边、彭水老厂坪和毕节等陆棚。整体呈近南北向展布,向边缘的开阔海开口,呈喇叭状。其中以广元—绵阳—大磨溪为最大,长约200 km,最宽处大于100 km,最窄处30 km,面积约5.4×104 km2。下震旦统陡山沱组—上震旦统灯影组三段—下寒武统筇竹寺组,从初始出现到最后消亡,经历了约110 Ma。台地上为碳酸盐岩沉积,深水陆棚相区内发育麦地坪+筇竹寺+沧浪铺黑色含磷硅质岩、硅质白云岩,夹有胶磷矿条带（资4井）,环陆棚的外缘发育碳酸盐岩颗粒滩。川西—川北沿龙门山—米仓山一线密集分布的800~760 Ma左右的岩浆岩及其Hf同位素值指示了伴随Rodinia大陆裂解,在上扬子的西部和北部边缘发育了以荥经、宝兴为节点的三叉裂谷,向北东方向的一支大致沿松潘甘孜地块与扬子地块的边界裂开,裂开的深度已经达到了上地幔（陆间裂谷）,向西北方向的原洋裂谷可能沿丹巴、小金—金川伸入古祁连海域。沿绵阳—广元、安康—平利、乐山—内江—女基井一线,有伸进上扬子台地内部的陆内裂谷发育。这些陆内裂谷控制了E-C转换时期上扬子西部和北部边缘台—棚分异格局。从Rodinia大陆裂解及其随后上扬子板块边缘的沉积格局看,大陆边缘的台—棚分异格局是超大陆的裂解的古地理效应。  相似文献   

掏土挤淤在某建筑物纠偏治理中的应用     

殷宝斌 《江苏地质》1999,23(2):115-117

通过对某倾斜建筑物的纠偏扶正处理,介绍了掏土挤淤纠偏法的作用机理、现场应用过程等,并从技术、经济等角度作了总结。  相似文献   

Oil slicks on water surface: Breakup,coalescence, and droplet formation under breaking waves     

Indrajith D. Nissanka  Poojitha D. Yapa 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):480-493

The ability to calculate the oil droplet size distribution (DSD) and its dynamic behavior in the water column is important in oil spill modeling. Breaking waves disperse oil from a surface slick into the water column as droplets of varying sizes. Oil droplets undergo further breakup and coalescence in the water column due to the turbulence. Available models simulate oil DSD based on empirical/equilibrium equations. However, the oil DSD evolution due to subsequent droplet breakup and coalescence in the water column can be best represented by a dynamic population model. This paper develops a phenomenological model to calculate the oil DSD in wave breaking conditions and ocean turbulence and is based on droplet breakup and coalescence. Its results are compared with data from laboratory experiments that include different oil types, different weathering times, and different breaking wave heights. The model comparisons showed a good agreement with experimental data.  相似文献