赞比亚东北部陇都地区首次发现中元古代辉长岩:哥伦比亚超大陆裂解在班韦乌卢地块的响应     

古阿雷  任军平  王杰  左立波  孙宏伟  许康康  陈靖  EZEKIAH Chikambwe  EVARISTO Kasumba 《地质通报》2022,(1):34-47

赞比亚东北部陇都地区位于班韦乌卢地块中东部,区内首次发现中元古代基性岩浆侵入事件,对于了解班韦乌卢地块中元古代构造演化历史及哥伦比亚超大陆的重建具有重要意义.针对研究区的辉长岩进行了系统的岩相学、LA-MC-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学和锆石Hf同位素研究.结果表明,辉长岩锆石中17粒具有他形板柱状,内...  相似文献   

地球旋转膨胀与冈瓦纳古陆裂解   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈廷愚 《地球学报》2005,26(3):195-202

地球自转速度变慢说明地球在旋转的同时其体积在膨胀。这与红移现象等说明的宇宙膨胀是一致的。地球放射性物质的放射性能导致软流圈及塑性地核外核的形成。地球自转的惯性与地球塑性层的共同作用导致了地球的层间滑动。地球外圈应相对于内圈转动较慢。转动较快的内层层圈的运动方向为自西向东,或左旋剪切。即,软流圈之下的下地幔应相对于岩石圈自西向东转动较快;塑性地核外核之下的内核应相对于外核自西向东转动较快。在地球层圈之间的剪切力和地球放射性能所引起的热能的共同作用下,在软流圈产生物质的对流,形成地幔物质对流。推测地核的外核也可能会产生塑性物质的对流。地轴倾角ε的变化以及潮汐转矩和岁差转矩是地球动力学的重要因素。地球的旋转膨胀是板块运动的地球动力学基础,也是冈瓦纳古陆裂解的运动学基础。  相似文献   

大火成岩省研新进展   总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13  

王德滋  周金城 《高校地质学报》2005,11(1):1-8

大火成岩省的含义是指连续的、体积庞大的火成岩(包括镁铁质和长英质火成岩)所构成的巨型岩浆岩建造。镁铁质大火成岩省可分为:大陆溢流玄武岩、火山被动陆缘、大洋高原玄武岩、大岩墙群和大层状侵入体。镁铁质大火成岩省是地幔柱岩浆活动的直接产物,一般与聚敛板块边界无关。长英质大火成岩省主要由酸性、中酸性熔结凝灰岩及与之有成因联系的花岗岩构成,与岩石圈伸展构造和玄武岩浆底侵作用有不可分割的联系。今后研究方向包括大火成岩省的形成与地幔动力学的联系以及它与大陆增生、大陆裂解和生物绝灭的关系。此外还包括大火成岩省与成矿作用研究  相似文献   

Supercontinental cyclicity in the Earth’s evolution     

N. A. Bozhko 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2009,64(2):75-91

The Earth’s evolution is determined by supercontinental cyclicity with a period of 400 Ma. A supercycle consists of a supercontinental proper and an inter-supercontinental stage, each of which includes two phases, respectively: integration-destruction and fragmentation-convergence. The worldwide analysis of geologic-historic and isotope-geochronologic data supports the existence of such cyclicity. In all, ten supercontinental cycles of supercontinents have been identified; in this case, the most ancient proto-supercontinent was recognized tentatively, Supercontinents identified previously by other researchers fit into this cyclicity. An association between magmatism from mantle plumes and certain phases of supercontinental cyclicity was revealed. Amalgamation and breakup of supercontinents occurred against the background of disymmetry of the Northern and Southern hemispheres of the Earth, which changed its polarity between the cycles.  相似文献   

Multiple model combination methods for annual maximum water level prediction during river ice breakup          下载免费PDF全文

Wei Sun  Bernard Trevor 《水文研究》2018,32(3):421-435

The Athabasca River is the largest unregulated river in Alberta, Canada, with ice jams frequently occurring in the vicinity of Fort McMurray. Modelling tools are desired to forecast ice‐related flood events. Multiple model combination methods can often obtain better predictive performances than any member models due to possible variance reduction of forecast errors or correction of biases. However, few applications of this method to river ice forecasting are reported. Thus, a framework of multiple model combination methods for maximum breakup water level (MBWL) Prediction during river ice breakup is proposed. Within the framework, the member models describe the relations between the MBWL (predicted variable) and their corresponding indicators (predictor variables); the combining models link the relations between the predicted MBWL by each member model and the observed MBWL. Especially, adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems, artificial neural networks, and multiple linear regression are not only employed as member models but also as combining models. Simple average methods (SAM) are selected as the basic combining model due to simple calculations. In the SAM, an equal weight (1/n) is assigned to n member models. The historical breakup data of the Athabasca River at Fort McMurray for the past 36 years (1980 to 2015) are collected to facilitate the comparison of models. These models are examined using the leave‐one‐out cross validation and the holdout validation methods. A SAM, which is the average output from three optimal member models, is selected as the best model as it has the optimal validation performance (lowest average squared errors). In terms of lowest average squared errors, the SAM improves upon the optimal artificial neural networks, adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference systems, and multiple linear regression member models by 21.95%, 30.97%, and 24.03%, respectively. This result sheds light on the effectiveness of combining different forecasting models when a scarce river ice data set is investigated. The indicators included in the SAM may indicate that the MBWL is affected by water flow conditions just after freeze‐up, overall freezing conditions during winter, and snowpack conditions before breakup.  相似文献   

Naturalizing the freezeup regimes of regulated rivers and exploring implications to spring ice-jam flooding     

Spyros Beltaos  Daniel L. Peters 《水文研究》2021,35(8):e14321

Naturalization of the flow hydrograph and ice regime is a key step in assessment of ecological and socioeconomic impacts of regulation across large portions of Europe, Asia and North America, where many rivers are dammed for hydropower generation. Building on previous naturalization of early-freshet flows that influence the nature of breakup and jamming events, novel methodology is developed to estimate natural freezeup flows and thence determine associated water levels, also known to influence subsequent breakup events. Using reservoir inflows, the new methodology is applied to the lower portion of the regulated Peace River, Canada, which forms the northern boundary of the Peace-Athabasca Delta (PAD), a Ramsar wetland of international importance that partially depends on spring ice-jam flooding for recharge of its high-elevation, or “perched” basins. The PAD provides habitat for numerous aquatic, terrestrial and avian species and is vital to the maintenance of indigenous culture and lifeways. Naturalized freezeup levels in the lower Peace River are shown to be nearly always lower than corresponding regulated values, with the difference averaging ~1.6 m. Consistent with known physics of river ice breakup processes, the present results suggest that ice-jam flood frequency would likely have been greater under natural conditions. Though potentially adverse from the ecological standpoint, reduction of spring ice-jam flooding can benefit riverside communities. Implications of the present results to and comparison with, other Canadian and international rivers are discussed.  相似文献   

滇西姚关上三叠统大水塘组钙屑浊积岩沉积特征及控制因素探讨          下载免费PDF全文

彭成龙  黄文俊  袁宏 《贵州地质》2014,31(3):201-205

笔者等在滇西姚关一带工作中,首次在上三叠统大水塘组中发育一套地质特征典型、沉积序列明显的钙屑浊积岩.其底面侵蚀构造清楚,各层段厚度变化较大,粒度分布上表现为从底到顶由粗变细的正粒序特征.鲍马序列发育不完整,c段多不明显,多为a、b、d、e段组合.初步认为浊流活动可能受近北东向古断裂控制,其活动与滇西陆内裂解事件有关.  相似文献   

雨滴下落过程谱分布演变的数值模拟   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张宇  牛生杰  贾星灿 《南京气象学院学报》2013,(6):699-707

利用一维雨滴分档模式,以飞机观测的空中雨滴谱和边界层气象要素廓线作为模式的初始背景场,模拟了雨滴在出云后下落过程中谱分布的演变。结果表明,一维雨滴分档模式能较好地模拟雨滴在下落过程中的蒸发、碰并和破碎过程;模拟的滴谱呈多峰分布。蒸发作用使得雨滴的直径变小,对小雨滴的消耗较大雨滴更为明显,并能增大中等大小雨滴的数浓度,但在整体上并不会改变雨滴的谱型。碰并和破碎机制可以使得雨滴谱呈现多峰分布,并增大了滴谱的谱型变化。  相似文献   

Paleodrainage and fault development in the southern Perth Basin,Western Australia during and after the breakup of Gondwana from 3D modelling of the Bunbury Basalt     

H. K. H. Olierook  N. E. Timms  R. E. Merle  F. Jourdan  P. G. Wilkes 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):289-305

The evolution of faults and paleodrainage patterns on the southwestern Australian passive margin during and after the breakup of Gondwana in the Early Cretaceous remains poorly understood. This contribution investigates the fault and paleodrainage evolution in the southern Perth Basin with the use of the ‘Bunbury Basalt’, the only lava flows known to be synchronous with continental breakup. New aeromagnetic data have been integrated with well intersections and outcrop constraints to establish the first 3D model of the Bunbury Basalt. The model reveals that flows are up to 100 m thick and are predominantly confined to two north–south-trending paleovalleys and their tributaries situated in the Bunbury Trough in the southern Perth Basin. The Donnybrook Paleovalley flow ponded in a paleovalley proximal to the Darling Fault and is truncated by the two later flows within the Bunbury Paleovalley, which is positioned centrally in the Bunbury Trough. Offsets of the Bunbury Basalt have been used to identify new northeast- and northwest-trending faults in the southern Perth Basin, and broad folding is interpreted as a consequence of drag into the Darling and Busselton faults. The model has been used to determine post-basalt net displacements for the Darling and Busselton faults of 370 and 210 m, respectively, and <175 m for the northeast and northwest-trending faults. The source vents for the Bunbury Basalt were probably located at extensional jogs at intersections between the Darling Fault and subordinate oblique faults. These results challenge the views on longstanding quiescence of the post-breakup western Australian passive margin.  相似文献   

Geochronology and geochemistry of the late Neoproterozoic A-type granitic clasts in the southwestern Tarim Craton: petrogenesis and tectonic implications     

《International Geology Review》2012,54(3):280-295

ABSTRACT

Due to sparse data for deciphering the late Neoproterozoic tectonic history, there is still considerable debate on whether long-lasting superplume-related or long-duration subduction-related dynamics dominated the Tarim Craton. In this contribution, our field investigations detail the late Neoproterozoic siliciclastic successions, and we report the first granitic conglomerates with zircon U–Pb ages of 753.9 ± 3.7 Ma in the SW Tarim Craton. Importantly, detrital zircons from the thick Cryogenian sedimentary basin also contain a major zircon population at ca. 750 Ma. Together with seismic data, this suggests a large ca. 750 Ma magmatic event in the SW Tarim Craton. Geochemically, the granitic clasts exhibit A-type granite features with high SiO₂, high alkali but extremely low K, high FeO^T/MgO and Ga/Al, and high high-field strength elements (HFSEs) (i.e. Nb, Hf, and Ta) with significant depletion in Rb, K, Sr, P, Eu, and Ti, and significant negative Eu anomalies (Eu* = 0.13–0.36), showing ferroan granite affinities. Including the detrital zircons, the ca. 750 Ma zircons have a large range of negative εHf(t) values (?19.46 to ?1.16). Elemental and zircon Hf isotope data suggest that the granites were derived from Palaeoproterozoic reworked continental crust and are probably related to crustal thinning and extension. By comparison with previous studies, we conclude that Rodinia breakup was diachronous in the outer parts of the supercontinent.  相似文献