上地幔橄榄岩流变性研究新进展及其地球动力学意义   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王子潮 《地球物理学进展》1995,10(2):1-15

本文系深部地幔流性研究进展综述文章之一，重点介绍了近年来国际地球物理学界在涉及橄榄岩上地幔流变性的下述三方面取得的进展：（１）化学环境因素对橄榄石高温塑性的影响；（２）高温高压下水在橄榄石晶体中的溶解度和赋存状态；（３）橄榄石多晶体的变形机制转变，并对由此得出的地球动力学意义作了讨论。  相似文献   

北京周口店地区Ⅳ阶地砾石层的发现及其意义     

关康年  叶俊林 《地球科学》1987,(2)

周口店河谷地区发现古宽谷地形及其相关的沉积物——Ⅳ阶地砾石层。砾石层形成于早更新世,是地表槽状流水作用的结果,命名为“捐兵湾组”。此地层的发现完善了周口店地区晚新生代地层系统,为重建北京猿人先期的古地理环境提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Petrochemical constraints on the models of Cretaceous-Eocene tectonic evolution of the Eastern Pontic chain (Turkey)     

P. Manetti  A. Peccerillo  G. Poli  F. Corsini 《Cretaceous Research》1983,4(2):159-172

Sixteen selected samples from the Upper Cretaceous volcanic belt of the Eastern Pontids have been analysed for major elements, Rb, Sr and Zr. On the basis of the K₂O versus SiO₂ distribution, two groups of rocks have been distinguished, one with calc-alkaline affinity and a second group with shoshonitic character. The calc-alkaline rocks have porphyritic texture with clinopyroxene, plagioclase and orthopyroxene as phenocryst and in the groundmass. The orthopyroxene is lacking in the shoshonites where plagioclase, clinopyroxene and, in the more evolved terms, amphibole and biotite are the main phenocryst minerals. The shoshonitic rocks have higher $\text{K}{}_2\text{O}\text{Na}{}_2\text{O}$ ratio, K₂O, P₂O₅ and Rb, contents with respect to the calc-alkaline samples. The TiO₂ content is invariably low, never exceeding approximately 1%. The occurrence of volcanic rocks ranging in composition from calc-alkaline to shoshonitic in the Upper Cretaceous volcanic belt of the Eastern Pontids suggests that the Upper Cretaceous volcanic cycle reached its mature stage before the onset of the Eocene calc-alkaline volcanism which is believed to be neither genetically nor tectonically related with the Upper Cretaceous volcanism.  相似文献   

图们江流域中更新世火山泥石流分布及其特征     

李花淑  崔天日 《吉林地质》2005,24(3):73-77

图们江流域中更新世火山泥石流仅分布在残留的Ⅲ阶地上，碎屑物的粒级范围很广，具正粒序层理，分选差，是在冰川作用或冰雪融化作用下快速搬运、沉积形成的，具有浊积岩的沉积模式。  相似文献   

西藏阿里札达盆地上新世-早更新世的古植被、古环境与古气候演化   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

朱大岗  孟宪刚  邵兆刚  杨朝斌  韩建恩  余佳  孟庆伟  吕荣平 《地质学报》2007,81(3):295-306

本文将西藏札达盆地河湖相地层重新划分为第四系下更新统香孜组(Qp1-1x)、新近系上新统古格组(N22g)和上新统托林组(N21t)。河湖相地层的古地磁法和ESR法测年结果表明,札达盆地内河湖相沉积地层的形成时代为新近纪上新世—第四纪早更新世。根据该套河湖相地层沉积演化和其中的孢粉组合特征、河湖相沉积中所发现的各种古动植物化石等的综合分析,笔者对札达盆地上新世—早更新世的古植被、古环境与古气候演变进行了探讨。结果表明,札达地区上新世—早更新世气候经历了从湿热—温暖潮湿—偏冷潮湿—寒冷干旱的变化,以及植被从森林—灌木—草原的逐渐演化。可将札达盆地上新世—早更新世环境演化划分为7个大的阶段,其总体特征是15.4~4.4Ma,札达地区处于亚热带湿热气候环境;24.4~3.95Ma,为暖温带温暖潮湿气候;33.95~3.5Ma,为偏凉潮湿阶段,气候开始转冷;43.5~3.2Ma,为温暖潮湿阶段;53.2~2.9Ma,气候转为偏冷潮湿阶段;62.9~2.57Ma,该阶段气候偏冷而干旱,整体较为干冷;72.57~1.36Ma,气候寒冷而干旱。表明自上新世—早更新世,该区的古气候环境在逐渐变干、变冷的总趋势上,经历了多次明显的冷暖与干湿波动。  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部上三叠统延长组震积岩的发现及地质意义   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：10  

夏青松  田景春 《沉积学报》2007,25(2):246-252

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界延长组长6—长8中发育与地震有关的震积岩，通过岩心观测识别出的震积岩标志主要有微同沉积断裂、震裂缝、液化砂岩脉、振动液化卷曲变形构造、地震角砾岩、负荷构造及枕状层等。同时在塔17井中发现完整的震积岩垂向序列，序列自下而上分为下伏未震层、微断裂层、微褶皱层、碎块层及液化均一层，上覆未震层。该震积岩的发现为盆地构造演化提供了动力学解释，表明晚三叠世随着秦岭、南祁连海槽的封闭，南北向逆冲带发生强烈活动，是本区延长组震积作用的直接诱发因素。同时该震积岩的发现，为盆地西南部延长组长6—长8发育的大规模浊积岩的外界触发机制是由地震活动引起的提供了有力证据。  相似文献   

Graben width controlling syn-rift sedimentation: the Palaeogene southern Upper Rhine Graben as an example     

Sebastian Hinsken  Kamil Ustaszewski  Andreas Wetzel 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2007,96(6):979-1002

Eocene to Early Oligocene syn-rift deposits of the southern Upper Rhine Graben (URG) accumulated in restricted environments. Sedimentation was controlled by local clastic supply from the graben flanks, as well as by strong intra-basinal variations in accommodation space due to differential tectonic subsidence, that in turn led to pronounced lateral variations in depositional environment. Three large-scale cycles of intensified evaporite sedimentation were interrupted by temporary changes towards brackish or freshwater conditions. They form three major base level cycles that can be traced throughout the basin, each of them representing a stratigraphic sub-unit. A relatively constant amount of horizontal extension (ΔL) in the range of 4–5 km has been estimated for the URG from numerous cross-sections. The width of the rift (L _f ), however, varies between 35 and more than 60 km, resulting in a variable crustal stretching factor between the bounding masterfaults. Apart from block tilting, tectonic subsidence was, therefore, largely controlled by changes in the initial rift width (L ₀). The along-strike variations of the graben width are responsible for the development of a deep, trough-like evaporite basin (Potash Basin) in the narrowest part of the southern URG, adjacent to shallow areas in the wider parts of the rift such as the Colmar Swell in the north and the Rhine Bresse Transfer Zone that delimits the URG to the south. Under a constant amount of extension, the along-strike variation in rift width is the principal factor controlling depo-centre development in extensional basins.  相似文献   

Revision of the Conchostracan Genus Tenuestheria from the Upper Cretaceous Lanxi Formation in Zhejiang and Its Biostratigraphic Significance in Southeast China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

LI Gang  WAN Xiaoqiao  Helmut WILLEMS  David J. BATTEN 《《地质学报》英文版》2007,81(6):925-930

The diagnosis of the conchostracan genus Tenuestheria from the Lanxi Formation in Jinhua, Zhejiang Province in Southeast China is revised following an examination of the type species under a scanning electron microscope, which revealed some morphological features on the carapace that had not been recognized previously. The importance of the Tenuestheria Fauna is considered in the context of correlation of six Turonian–Santonian formations in this region of China. The value of the Cenomanian Nemestheria and Turonian Linhaiella faunas in correlating the underlying early Late Cretaceous formations is also noted.  相似文献   

藏北申扎地区上二叠统木纠错组的建立及皱纹珊瑚组合   总被引：5，自引：6，他引：5  

程立人  王天武等 《地质通报》2002,21(3):140-143

在申扎县城东南木纠错南东岸附近发现一套巨厚的以白云岩、白云质灰岩为主组成的岩系,厚达2348m。该岩系整合覆于下二叠统下拉组之上,并于其底部发现中国南方晚二叠世早期珊瑚动物群中的重要分子WaagenophyllumindicumcrassiseptatumWu和LiangshanophyllumstreptoseptatumWang两种,与其共生的还有Lobatophyllumzakan-genseWu和WaagenophyllummegacolumetumWu,它们共同组成一个晚二叠世早期特有的皱纹珊瑚动物组合,命名为Waagenophyllum-Liangshanophyllum-Lobatophyllum组合。将含有这一珊瑚化石组合的以白云岩、白云质灰岩为主的岩系另建立新组———木纠错组,该组在层位上相当于中国南方上二叠统的吴家坪组。  相似文献   

中国北方晚更新世以来地质环境及未来生存环境变化趋势   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

张宗祜 《第四纪研究》2001,21(3):208-217

我国北方晚更新世以来古环境变化在总趋势上有一致性,但又有地区上的差别.青藏高原古气候变化有其特殊性,末次冰期寒冷气候开始早于其他地区;全新世暖期开始晚于其他地区1500年左右.除受全球性气候变化影响外,青藏高原的迅速上升也是影响我国北方晚更新世以来古环境的因素之一;华北平原未来生存环境变化中水资源的变化受人类活动影响很大.目前水资源开发利用程度高,预测于21世纪前半个世纪内缺水状况是严峻的,平原区缺水将大于80×108m3/a;我国北方在全新世大暖期后,气候环境的变化是在大暖期期间形成的环境基础上演变的.总的趋势是向以冷干为主的气候和向干旱化环境演化.  相似文献