法国巴黎区的规划与整治及其对上海建设的启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾刚 《世界地理研究》1997,(2)

本文对法国巴黎区城市膨胀扩展过程、城市规划指导思想由同心圆模式向轴线发展模式、由单个要素转移到郊区城市综合功能开发转变的原因进行了分析，并对以巴黎城市副中心和郊区新城建设等为主要内容的城市规划经验教训进行了介绍和总结。在此基础上，结合上海市经济社会发展的条件和目标，分析了上海市规划中存在的郊区城市规模小、城市工业“空洞化”、城市建设政策措施协调配套以及浦东建设项目利用效益低下等几个城市建设面临的主要问题，并提出了相应的改进建议。  相似文献   

An urban hydrological model with high spatial resolution rainfall from a meteorological model     

J. Thielen  J. -D. Creutin 《Journal of Hydrology》1997,200(1-4):58-83

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鹤岗盆地晚侏罗世石头河子组沉积环境及幕式聚煤作用   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

杨子荣  姜剑虹 《沉积学报》1997,15(3):55-61

鹤岗盆地是一中-新生代内陆盆地，主要含煤地层上侏罗统石头河子组是一套非海相含煤地层，充填于盆地底部，自下而上可划分为三个岩性段，五个亚段和２６个含煤旋回。底部第一亚段沉积期以冲积扇、辫状河环境为主；第二亚段以河流环境为主；第三亚段以河流-三角洲-湖泊环境为主；第四亚段演化为河流环境；第五亚段则以河流、冲积扇环境为主。垂向上五个亚段对应于盆地的填平补齐-扩张-稳定沉降-差异沉降-收缩五个演化阶段。富煤带位于同沉积中心的侧翼，一般含砂率６０%～７０%的区域含煤性最好。含煤旋回受控于盆地周期性地快-慢沉降，聚煤作用发育于每期幕式沉降的缓慢稳定沉降阶段。厚-特厚煤层都与湖泊三角洲冲积平原大面积沼泽化有关。  相似文献   

Radiative Exchange in an Urban Street Canyon   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1  

Ian N. Harman  Martin J. Best  Stephen E. Belcher 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2004,110(2):301-316

The influence of building geometry on the radiation terms ofthe surface energy balance is a principal reason for surfacetemperature differences between rural and urban areas.Methods exist to calculate the radiation balance in an urban area,but their validity across the range of urban geometries andmaterials has not been carefully considered.Here the exchange of diffuse radiation in an urban street canyon isinvestigated using a method incorporating all reflections of radiation.This exact solution is compared to two commonly used approximationsthat retain either no reflections, or just one reflection of radiation.The area-averaged net radiative flux density from the facets of the canyondecreases in magnitude monotonically as the canyon aspect ratio increases.The two approximate solutions possess unphysical differences from thismonotonic decrease for high canyon aspect ratios or low materialemissivities/high material albedos.The errors of the two approximate solutions are small for near blackbodymaterials and small canyon aspect ratios but can be an order ofmagnitude for intermediate material properties and deep street canyons.Urban street canyon models need to consider at least one reflectionof radiation and multiple reflections are desirable for full applicability.  相似文献   

城市利用地下咸水节省淡水资源     

王长明  方生 《地下水》2004,26(1):32-33

开发地下咸水,用于城市居民生活,可节省58%淡水资源.还可腾出地下库容,增大降雨入渗,淡化地下咸水,改善生态环境.  相似文献   

Dislocating modernity: Identity, space and representations of street trade in Durban, South Africa     

E. Jeffrey Popke  Richard Ballard 《Geoforum》2004,35(1):99-110

South Africa’s cities have experienced dramatic changes over the past decade. Cities are now home to a multiracial population, and have been transformed by new forms of economic and social interaction. For some, these changes have become a significant source of fear and anxiety. In this paper, we examine reactions to urban spatial change in the city of Durban, as expressed in local newspapers and interviews with suburban residents. We describe how the discourses of urban change in Durban have centred on the increased presence of street traders within the city’s public spaces, and the various ways in which the activity of street trade has disrupted long-established modernist norms governing the occupation and use of the urban space. Specifically, we offer a detailed reading of three prominent narratives within the discussion of street traders in Durban--chaos, congestion and pollution. We argue that street traders have come to embody a wide range of more deeply seated cultural anxieties, which have been brought to the fore in the context of South Africa’s transition. These anxieties arise from the ways in which modern understandings of order, agency and subjectivity have been called into question by material changes in the city, and have implications for the nature of citizenship and civic engagement in post-apartheid South Africa.  相似文献   

Exploring the attractions of city centre living: evidence and policy implications in British cities   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Andrew R. Tallon  Rosemary D. F. Bromley   《Geoforum》2004,35(6):771-787

The British city centre has been the focus of dynamic housing development and repopulation strategies as a key dimension of the government's urban renaissance programme. Through large scale interview surveys in the provincial city centres of Bristol and Swansea, this paper explores the positive and negative features of city centre living, and how these vary amongst a range of social and physical characteristics. The findings suggest that the practical and mundane attractions of city centre living are more important than the more widely publicised lifestyle and cultural attractions of the city centre commonly emphasised in the gentrification literature. Moreover, the research points to differences in attitudes between age groups, with younger adults placing greater value on the range of social and cultural activities in the city centre, whilst older people express high levels of satisfaction with the attractiveness of the environment. A number of policy implications emerge to encourage inclusive marketing strategies within the continued urban renaissance, particularly to challenge the negative perceptions and promote the varied attractions of city centre living to a mix of social groups.  相似文献   

Marine and limnic radiocarbon reservoir corrections for studies of late- and postglacial environments in Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland, British Columbia, Canada and Washington, USA     

Ian Hutchinson  Thomas S. James  Brian D. Bornhold 《Quaternary Research》2004,61(2):193-203

Models of late-glacial environmental change in coastal areas are commonly based on radiocarbon ages on marine shell and basal lake sediments, both of which may be compromised by reservoir effects. The magnitude of the oceanic reservoir age in the inland waters of the Georgia Basin and Puget Lowland of northwestern North America is inferred from radiocarbon ages on shell-wood pairs in Saanich Inlet and previously published estimates. The weighted mean oceanic reservoir correction in the early and mid Holocene is −720±90 yr, slightly smaller than, but not significantly different from, the modern value. The correction in late-glacial time is −950±50 yr. Valley-head sites yield higher reservoir values (−1200±130 yr) immediately after deglaciation. The magnitude of the gyttja reservoir effect is inferred from pairs of bulk gyttja and plant macrofossil ages from four lakes in the region. Incorporation of old carbon into basal gyttja yields ages from bulk samples that are initially about 600 yr too old. The reservoir age declines to less than 100 yr after the first millennium of lake development. When these corrections are accounted for, dates of deglaciation and late-glacial sea-level change in the study area are pushed forward in time by more than 500 yr.  相似文献   

Discourse,representation and urban planning: How a critical approach to discourse helps reveal the spatial re-ordering of street sex work1     

Kate Kerkin 《The Australian geographer》2004,35(2):185-192

This paper shows how a critical approach to discourse sheds light on processes of spatial re-orderings. It uses a case study of urban planning in an area of street sex work to explore the ways in which various representations of prostitution can be used to inform planning decisions. Representations of sex worker identity also expose complex spatial and social geographies and evolving processes of marginalisation and exclusion.  相似文献   

A large landslide on the urban fringe of metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

John Douglass  Ronald I. Dorn  Brian Gootee 《Geomorphology》2005,65(3-4):321-336

A granitic rock avalanche, one of the largest Quaternary landslides in Arizona outside the Grand Canyon with a volume of approximately 5.25 M m³ and a width a little under 0.5 km, ran 1 km from the eastern McDowell Mountains. With lateral levees and pressure ridges, the rock avalanche deposit displays many features found on classic sturzstroms. Failure occurred along a major joint plane paralleling the slope with a dip of 44°, when a major base level lowering event in the Salt River system would have undermined the base of the failed slope, and probably during a period of more moisture than normally available in the present-day arid climate. Failure at the subsurface weathering front highlights the importance of the dramatic permeability change between grussified regolith and relatively fresh bedrock. Rock varnish microlaminations (VMLs) dating, in concert with other geomorphic evidence, suggests that the rock avalanche deposit is slightly older than 500 ka. The rock vanish results also have important implications for sampling strategies designed to use cosmogenic nuclide to date Quaternary landslide deposits. Discovery of a large landslide in close proximity to the extending urban fringe of metropolitan Phoenix argues for a more careful analysis of landslide hazards in the region, especially where rapid development excavates bedrock at the base of steep mountain slopes and where the subsurface weathering front is near the surface.  相似文献