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挥发性有机污染物标准物质使用的短期稳定性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为对挥发性有机物标准物质的短期稳定性进行评价,选取美国ChemService公司生产的LVOC-1RPM(甲醇中54种挥发性有机污染物混合标准物质)和SS-524RPM(甲醇中4-溴氟苯和1,2-二氯苯-d4混合标准物质),将其开封后转移至2 mL带聚四氟乙烯衬盖的棕色螺口样品瓶中再密封,于-18℃避光贮存,采用气相色谱-质谱法测试各组分量值随贮存时间的变化。结果表明,在65 d内,两种标准物质各组分量值测量的标准偏差在12～60 mg/L范围内,最大相对标准偏差为2.97%(n=5),测量结果的相对不确定度小于5.39%。在置信度为95%时,χ2-检验和不确定度评定结果表明,评价方法满足标准物质稳定性检验的精密度和准确度要求;标准物质各组分量值在(2000±128)mg/L范围内时,测量的偏差不显著。在不超过标准物质的有效期内,开封后再密封的LVOC-1RPM标准物质至多可保存65 d,而SS-524RPM标准物质至少可保存65 d。 相似文献
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氯代挥发性有机物（VOCs）氯同位素测试技术及其在地下水污染中的应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在有机氯污染的研究中,氯同位素（37Cl）的应用能够在原子水平上识别污染源并研究污染机理,为更加有效地研究地下水的有机污染提供了有利的工具。综述了8种氯代VOCs氯同位素的测试方法与技术,论述了氯代VOCs氯同位素在识别地下水污染源、监测有机污染物的降解过程、检验防治措施的修复效果、鉴别氯代VOCs的生产厂商、示踪氯代VOCs在土壤和水体中的迁移和混合过程等方面的应用,认为应尽快在国内研制先进的测试流程,开展有机氯同位素分馏机理的研究,加强应用C和Cl同位素技术对氯代VOCs污染和检测修复效果的研究。 相似文献
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在调查华北平原一个污染年限超过35年的石油化工场地时,采用便携式仪器土层测气方法,快速、准确地测定了场地内40多个钻孔不同深度土层中挥发性有机物(VOCs)的浓度。基于对场地地质水文地质条件的认识,以及通过对大量数据的分析对比和应用空间变异分析方法,得出了对场地土层介质中VOCs污染特征的如下认识:(1)土层VOCs浓度的垂向变化可概括为污染源淋滤型、包气带扩散污染型、地下水波动带污染型和混合污染型四种污染类型;(2)在包气带砂土层和粉土层中,VOCs的扩散规律可近似用指数模型描述;(3)包气带土层中VOCs优先积聚在渗透性强的砂性土层中,砂土层中VOCs浓度是粉土层中VOCs浓度的1.5～12倍,平均3.76倍;(4)土层VOCs浓度的水平变异性表现为包气带土层的变异性要比地下水波动带土层大,且水平变异性能在25m尺度内得到充分显示;而土层VOCs浓度的垂向变异性随地而异,变化复杂,很难用统一的一个量化尺度来表征。本文对这一典型污染场地的剖析,有助于从事污染场地调查人员认识我国华北平原石油化工类场地的污染特征,并为调查与治理类似污染场地提供技术依据。 相似文献
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Assessment of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) near major roads in urban Nanjing, China 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a major component of atmospheric pollutants in Nanjing, a large city in the east of China. Accordingly, 12-h diurnal monitoring for ten consecutive days was performed adjacent to major roads in five districts, ca.1.5 m above ground level, in April, July and October 2006, and January 2007. The most numerous species of VOCs (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, m/p-xylene, o-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, tetrachloromethane, trichloroethane and tetrachloroethane) were selected as the target pollutants for this field study of atmospheric distribution. The eleven VOCs were mostly found in gas phase due to their high vapor pressures. Gas-phase concentrations ranged between 0.6 and 67.9 μg m− 3. Simultaneously, the levels of those VOCs measured near major roads were associated slightly with their regional background level. For all these areas, as expected, the high traffic area was the highest in terms of concentration. A positive correlation was also found between the VOC levels and traffic density. Our studies also provided VOC distribution, and vertical/horizontal profiles. The results show that traffic-related exposure to VOCs in major road microenvironments is higher than elsewhere and poses a potential threat to pedestrians, commuters, and traffic-exposed workers. 相似文献
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Since April 2001, an Electrokinetic Biofence (EBF) is in operation at the site of a chemical laundry at Wildervank in the Province of Groningen in the Netherlands. The EBF is located at the western part of the building and covers an area of 10×2 m=20 m2. Prior to the installation of the fence, the top soil, heavily polluted with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VOCs), has been removed. The fence consists of a row of alternating cathodes and anodes with a mutual distance of 5 m. Upstream of the line of electrodes, a series of infiltration wells were installed, which have been periodically filled with nutrients. The aim of the EBF is to enhance biodegradation of the VOCs in the groundwater at the zone of the fence by electrokinetic dispersion of the dissolved nutrients in the groundwater. After running the EBF for nearly 2 years, clear results have been observed. The concentration of nutrients in the zone has increased, the chloride index is decreasing, and VOCs are being dechlorinated by bio-activity. The electrical energy for the EBF is being supplied by solar panels. 相似文献
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监测自然衰减(monitoring natural attenuation,MNA)技术是目前普遍认可的去除地下水中挥发性有机污染物(volatile organic compounds,VOCs)的技术。但受其修复周期长、监测费用昂贵等因素的影响,实地开展MNA技术修复污染场地具有一定的局限性。基于此,本研究运用多相流数值模拟手段识别了某石油污染场地内典型VOCs污染物(苯、甲苯、萘)在地下水中的自然衰减过程并评估了其自然衰减能力。结果表明:采用TMVOC所建立的多相流数值模拟模型能较好地预测和识别VOCs在地下水中的衰减规律;在研究区中,苯、甲苯和萘由于理化性质差异,在地下水中的污染羽分布特征不同,其自然衰减过程受挥发、吸附和生物降解作用的影响程度也不同;挥发和生物降解作用对VOCs自然衰减的影响程度均为苯>甲苯>萘,而吸附作用对VOCs自然衰减的影响程度为萘>甲苯>苯;在污染源被阻断的前提下,苯、甲苯和萘分别在泄漏发生7.0、6.5和6.0年后通过自然衰减达到理想去除效果。本文研究成果可以为水文地质条件类似的VOCs污染场地MNA修复方案的制定和修复效果评估提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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就办公室内家俱释放的挥发性有机物（VOC）的组成和含量进行跟踪测定，在查阅国内资料的基础上，选择了苯、甲苯、对（间）二甲苯、邻二甲苯、苯乙烯、乙苯、乙酸丁酯、十一烷作为应识别组分，进行分析研究。结果表明，家俱释放的VOCs成份复杂，有大量的末识别组份，需要进一步定性研究；在已识别的8种组份中甲苯含量最高，二甲苯次之，而苯和苯乙稀含量最少；家俱中VOCs的释放随时间增长，浓度逐步降低，5天内降幅可达40％以上，且可满足GB／T18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》中关于TVOC的限量值要求。 相似文献