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21.
Horizontal and vertical components of earthquake ground motions at liquefiable sites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field observations on ground motions from recent earthquakes imply that current knowledge is limited with regard to relating vertical and horizontal motions at liquefiable sites. This paper describes a study with the purpose of clarifying this emerging issue to some extent. A series of numerical analyses is carried out on a liquefiable soil deposit with a verified, fully coupled, nonlinear procedure. It is shown that the transformation of vertical motions in the deposit differs considerably from the transformation of horizontal motions. Both the amplitude and frequency content of the horizontal motions are strongly dependent on the shaking level or the associated nonlinear soil behavior. The transfer function for vertical motions is however likely to be independent of the intensity of input motions; no reduction in the amplitude occurs even in the case of strong shaking. The results are shown to be in consistence with the laboratory observations on shaking table tests and recent field observations that less nonlinearity exists for vertical motions. It is also shown that the possibility exists for using information on spectral ratios between the horizontal and vertical surface motions to quickly identify in situ soil behavior and liquefaction that are not readily covered by conventional field or laboratory experimentation procedures. 相似文献
22.
Under seismic excitation, liquefied clean medium to dense cohesionless soils may regain a high level of shear resistance at large shear strain excursions. This pattern of response, known as a form of cyclic mobility, has been documented by a large body of laboratory sample tests and centrifuge experiments. A plasticity-based constitutive model is developed with emphasis on simulating the cyclic mobility response mechanism and associated pattern of shear strain accumulation. This constitutive model is incorporated into a two-phase (solid–fluid), fully coupled finite element code. Calibration of the constitutive model is described, based on a unique set of laboratory triaxial tests (monotonic and cyclic) and dynamic centrifuge experiments. In this experimental series, Nevada sand at a relative density of about 40% is employed. The calibration effort focused on reproducing the salient characteristics of dynamic site response as dictated by the cyclic mobility mechanism. Finally, using the calibrated model, a numerical simulation is conducted to highlight the effect of excitation frequency content on post-liquefaction ground deformations. 相似文献
23.
Spatial variation of earthquake ground motion is an important phenomenon that cannot be ignored in the design and safety of strategic structures. Several models have been developed to describe this variation using statistical, mathematical or physical approaches. The latter approach is not specific to an event. A recent contribution, which uses such an approach and called complete stochastic deamplification approach (CSDA), was developed [1]. The aim of this paper is to analyze the spatial variation of earthquake motion induced by the propagation of body waves using the CSDA. Coherency functions are evaluated for the cases of SH–SV–P waves propagating through stratified soil. Results obtained show that the variation of the coherency function is not the same for vertical and horizontal components and that the motion is more coherent at depth than at the free surface. In fact, we found that the rate of decrease with frequency and distance is not the same if P–SV waves propagate through stratified soil. 相似文献
24.
Velocity profile of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Particle dynamic analyzer (PDA) measurement technology was used to study the turbulent characteristics and the variation with height of the mean horizontal (in the downwind direction) and vertical (in the upward direction) particle velocity of a sand cloud blowing over a gravel surface. The results show that the mean horizontal particle velocity of the cloud increases with height, while the mean vertical velocity decreases with height. The variation of the mean horizontal velocity with height is, to some extent, similar to the wind profile that increases logarithmically with height in the turbulent boundary layer. The variation of the mean vertical velocity with height is much more complex than that of the mean horizontal velocity. The increase of the resultant mean velocity with height can be expressed by a modified power function. Particle turbulence in the downwind direction decreases with height, while that in the vertical direction is complex. For fine sands (0.2–0.3 mm and 0.3–0.4 mm), there is a tendency for the particle turbulence to increase with height. In the very near-surface layer (<4 mm), the movement of blown sand particles is very complex due to the rebound of particles on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air. Wind starts to accelerate particle movement about 4 mm from the surface. The initial rebound on the bed and the interparticle collisions in the air have a profound effect on particle movement below that height, where particle concentration is very high and wind velocity is very low. 相似文献
25.
部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文进行了四个部分预应力混凝土扁梁框架节点的拟静力试验研究。通过四个不同试件的试验研究分析了节点的变形能力、耗能能力、延性和刚度退化等抗震性能,同时分析了低周反复荷载作用下预应力混凝土框架节点的破坏机理。 相似文献
26.
Least-squares prediction using an empirically deduced local covariance function was performed to investigate the temporal
change in the rates of vertical crustal movements in the Tohoku district, Japan. Levelling data covering an area of approximately
450 × 275 km2 observed between 1966 and 1995 were used and the results shown in the form of contour maps. Firstly we derived a covariance
function of the rates of vertical crustal movement with a Gaussian form function. We used this function to estimate the spatial
distribution of the rates of vertical crustal movements. By the present method, a steady tilt of the Tohoku district to the
east, toward the Japan Trench and an areal uplift in the southwestern part were well reproduced. Moreover, a significant temporal
change in vertical movement rates is clearly seen.
Received: 15 July 1996 相似文献
27.
Sarbari Ghosh Utpal Kumar De Atmospheric Science Research Department of Physics Jadavpur University Calcutta India Received April revised July 《大气科学进展》1997,(1)
AComparativeStudyoftheAtmosphericLayersbelowFirstLiftingCondensationLevelforInstantaneousPre-MonsoonThunderstormOcurenceatAga... 相似文献
28.
Vertical Ozone Profile over Tibet Using Sage I and II Data 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
VerticalOzoneProfileoverTibetUsingSageIandIData①ZouHan(邹捍)andGaoYongqi(郜永祺)InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,ChineseAcademyofScie... 相似文献
29.
云南地壳形变与丽江7.0级地震 总被引:9,自引:5,他引:9
本利用滇西、滇中地区大地垂直形变和跨断层短水准、短基线的监测资料进行综合分析论证,其结果表明:1996年2月滇西丽江7.0级地震前,该区应力场方向自1990年以来产生了由北东-北西的转变,震源区出现高达109mm的垂直差异运动1993-1996年有75%的断层形变测点相继出现不同程度的中期、短期和临震异常。大地垂直形变与断层形变的共性演变特性,为强震的预测提供了一个较好的震例。 相似文献
30.
广东沿海地区现代地壳垂直运动研究 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
对30多年来1万多km精密水准复测数百个重合点资料进行了综合研究,结果表明,广东沿海岸段的地壳平均以-0.5mm/a幅度沉降,表现出粤西抬升,粤东沉降,珠江三角洲大面积下沉的格局。粤西岸段平均以+0.6mm/a速率上升,粤东沿海岸段平均以-0.7mm/a速率下降;珠江三角洲以-1.8mm/a速率下沉,桂东南岸段则以+3.4mm/a的速上升。 相似文献