The effects of sodium sulfate on the emissions characteristics of an emulsified marine diesel oil-fired furnace     

Cherng-Yuan Lin  Jenq-Yih Pan 《Ocean Engineering》2001,28(4)

Degraded diesel oils are commonly used in marine power plants to conform to the demands of shipowners for fuel economy. The burning of these marine fuel oils, which frequently contain various extents of oxides of iron, silicon, calcium, vanadium and potassium, such as Na₂SO₄, Fe₂O₃, SiO₂, CaO, V₂O₅, etc., are susceptible to form much more complex compounds of either gaseous or solid phases. The release of these emissions to the environment may cause atmospheric pollution and a health hazard to human beings. Emulsification of a fuel oil with water to produce a micro-water-particles-dispersed-in-oil (W/O) emulsion has been considered as one of the promising techniques to improve combustion characteristics of low-grade marine oils and in turn effectively help to reduce the release of air pollutants. Marine fuel oil A, which approximates ASTM No. 2D oil was used as the test oil and the surfactant Span 80 was used to promote the affinity and integrating force between the components of the emulsion. An emulsifying/homogenizing machine was employed to stir the emulsion mixture of the marine oil, distilled water, surfactant Span 80 and sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄) powder of 300 ppm. The mechanically blended emulsion mixture was injected, atomized and burned in an oil-fired furnace using an automatic burner. Burning gas composition, burning efficiency and gas temperature were measured and analyzed. Compared to neat marine diesel oil, W/O emulsions had higher combustion efficiencies, higher concentrations of O₂ and SO₂, while gas temperatures were lowered and CO and NO_x production was reduced. The addition of sodium sulfate decreased combustion efficiency and NO_x concentration and increased O₂, CO, and SO₂ concentrations.  相似文献   

Discussion of the genetic relations between W and Sb-Au mineralization of Xiangzhong ore district: Constraints from Sr-Nd-H-O isotopic compositions of the Caojiaba W and Longshan Sb-Au depositsSCIEI北大核心CSCD     

张志远  谢桂青  袁亮 《岩石学报》2023,(6):1847-1860

湘中是全球最大的锑金矿集区,近年来又陆续探明了一批钨矿床,但这些钨矿和锑金矿之间的关系目前尚不明确。曹家坝钨矿床是目前该矿集区内规模最大的钨矿床(19.03Mt@0.37%WO3),矿体与矽卡岩密切共生,成矿作用划分为矽卡岩阶段、退化蚀变阶段和石英-白钨矿-硫化物阶段。不同阶段白钨矿δ18OV-SMOW变化范围为6.0‰-7.9‰,δDV-SMOW变化范围为-79.1‰--68.9‰,对应的δ18OH2O变化范围为3.3‰-5.2‰。白钨矿(87Sr/86Sr)t变化范围为0.72215-0.73049,εNd(t)变化范围为-12.8--10.6。龙山锑金矿床是矿集区内发育的大型脉状锑金矿床(4.2Mt@3.4%Sb和3.7g/t Au),矿体赋存在震旦系江口组板岩中,发育两个世代的白钨矿与辉锑矿共生。白钨矿δ18OV-SMOW变化范围为5.4‰-9.0‰,δDV-SMOW变化范围为-72.9‰--60.2‰,对应的δ18OH2O变化范围为3.1‰-6.7‰。Sr-Nd-H-O多元同位素特征显示,曹家坝钨矿床的成矿物质和成矿流体以岩浆来源为主,龙山锑金矿床有岩浆流体参与成矿,两者均有少量板溪群基底地层和大气降水的加入。综合本次及前人研究成果,曹家坝钨矿床和龙山锑金矿床具有成因联系,二者均是湘中矿集区晚三叠世岩浆热液W-Sb-Au成矿系统的重要组成部分。  相似文献   

SN 1994W: an interacting supernova or two interacting shells?     

Luc Dessart  D. John Hillier  Suvi Gezari  Stéphane Basa  Tom Matheson 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,394(1):21-37

We present a multi-epoch quantitative spectroscopic analysis of the Type IIn supernova (Type IIn SN) 1994W, an event interpreted by Chugai et al. as stemming from the interaction between the ejecta of a SN and a  0.4 M_⊙  circumstellar shell ejected 1.5 yr before core collapse. During the brightening phase, our models suggest that the source of optical radiation is not unique, perhaps associated with an inner optically thick cold dense shell and outer optically thin shocked material. During the fading phase, our models support a single source of radiation, an hydrogen-rich optically thick layer with a near-constant temperature of ∼7000 K that recedes from a radius of  4.3 × 10¹⁵  at a peak to  2.3 × 10¹⁵ cm  40 d later. We reproduce the hybrid narrow-core broad-wing line profile shapes of SN 1994W at all times, invoking an optically thick photosphere exclusively (i.e. without any external optically thick shell). In SN 1994W, slow expansion makes scattering with thermal electrons a key escape mechanism for photons trapped in optically thick line cores, and allows the resulting broad incoherent electron-scattering wings to be seen around narrow-line cores. In SNe with larger expansion velocities, the thermal broadening due to incoherent scattering is masked by the broad profile and the dominant frequency redshift occasioned by bulk motions. Given the absence of broad lines at all times and the very low ⁵⁶Ni yields, we speculate whether SN 1994W could have resulted from an interaction between two ejected shells without core collapse. The high conversion efficiency of kinetic to thermal energy may not require a SN-like energy budget for SN1994W.  相似文献   

地面高精度磁测在印尼滨海型磁铁矿应用     

胡维竹  杨茂齐 《云南地质》2010,29(2):197-200

综合运用低纬度化极与建立模型正演等数据处理手段进行隐伏矿体预测,发现与成矿有关的磁异常,显示良好成矿前景。钻孔证实有工业矿体。  相似文献   

Deep optical observations of the interaction of the SS 433 microquasar jet with the W50 radio continuum shell     

P. Boumis  J. Meaburn  J. Alikakos  M. P. Redman  S. Akras  F. Mavromatakis  J. A. López  A. Caulet  C. D. Goudis 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,381(1):308-318

  相似文献   

一个罕见的铀钨矿物组合     

罗兴章  闵茂中  李贤国  翟丽英  杨哲 《矿物学报》2001,21(2):129-132

本文首次报导钨锰矿和铀矿物在空间上叠生的现象。这种叠生现象出现在一种很特别类型的矿床中，与传统的铀钨伴生理论有悖，这种铀、钨叠生矿化不仅具有重要的经济价值，而且也会拓展铀、乌伴生理论的研究。  相似文献   

滇西耿马四排山地区地质新认识   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5  

杨伟平  贾进华 《地层学杂志》1995,(1)

滇西耿马四排山地区弄巴组（原南皮可组上部）盛产化石抱粉，通过５０多块样品的分析，获得了晚泥盆世末（Ｒｅｔｉｓｐｏｒａｌｅｐｉｄｏｐｈｙｔａ）叶至早石炭世早期（Ｇｒａｎｄｉｓｐｏｒａｓｐｉｃｕｌｉｆｅｒａ）孢粉组合。它们可以与西欧同期孢粉进行对比，并能部分地与澳大利亚同期孢粉对比。因原南皮河组岩性复杂，已经被刘本培等（１９９３）改为南皮河群。本文对原南皮河组上部地层进行了研究并命名为弄巴组，其时代为晚泥盆世末至早石炭世。通过抱粉相分析和野外沉积标志的观察以及对孢粉比较学的研究，从而获得了对该套地层沉积相和植物古地理方面的新认识。  相似文献   

THE GREATER MIDDLE EAST AND REFORM IN THE BUSH ADMINISTRATION'S IDEOLOGICAL IMAGINATION     

DONA J. STEWART 《Geographical review》2005,95(3):400-424

ABSTRACT. In pursuit of its foreign‐policy goals, the administration of President George W. Bush has attempted a dramatic reshaping of the vision of the Middle East in the American mind. References to the “new” or “greater” Middle East now include countries far outside traditional concepts of the region, including those in West Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central Asia. The administration argues that this region is defined not by cultural (Arab) or religious (Islam) characteristics but by a lack of democracy; hence a grand strategy is needed to execute reform. This article examines current U.S. efforts to achieve reform in the region, the components of the ideological construction of the New Middle East, the perceived role of Iraq, Turkey's potential role as a “model” for the region, and responses from the region to current U.S.‐led reform efforts.  相似文献   

机载W波段毫米波辐射计扫描成像研究     

孔德才  李靖  张升伟  孙茂华  刘和光  姜景山 《遥感学报》2004,8(4):362-369

通过机载试验 ,本文进行了W波段毫米波辐射计 (RADW92 )扫描成像研究 ,取得了黄河、渭河部分水域的微波辐射图像。试验结果表明 ,RADW92基本满足星载应用的要求。文中分析了影响图像质量的各种误差因素 ,并且提出了相应的解决方案。RADW92工作的中心频率为 92GHz ,带宽 2GHz ,积分时间 6 0ms ,系统灵敏度 0 6K ,线性度 0 999,天线为卡塞格伦 (Cassegrain)天线  相似文献   

On the ore-forming conditions and ore-forming model of the superlarge multimetal deposit in Shizhuyuan     

Yimao Liu  Huanzhang Lu  Changlie Wang  Youzhi Xu  Weiqing Kang  Ti Zeng 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》1998,41(5):502-512

Eight favorable ore-forming conditions for the Shizhuyuan W-multimetal deposit are proposed. They are: (i) the geochemistry background special enriching the volatile and W and Sn ore-forming elements; (ii) the existence of melt-fluid system very rich in volatile and ore-forming elements; (iii) supply of sufficient ore-forming material and volatile multi-source; (iv) the infiltration and convection water source and driving force partly supplied by the Jurassic reservoir basin; (v) favorable tectonic conditions; (vi) ore-bearing greisen and vein superimposed in the pre-existing skarn rocks; (vii) favorable ore-transport and ore-concentration strata condition; (viii) there were a set of favorable ore-forming structures in Shizuyuan area; (ix) the orebody has good ore-reserve condition. Finally, ore-forming models are proposed. The paper is one of the achievements on the research related to the Climbing Project “The basic related to searching for the superlarge deposits supported by the State Science and Technology Commission. This research is also granted by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49572134).  相似文献