Assessment of toxicological status of a SW Mediterranean segment population of striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) using skin biopsy     

M. Cristina Fossi  Letizia Marsili  Giancarlo Lauriano  Caterina Fortuna  Simone Canese  Stefania Ancora  Claudio Leonzio  Teresa Romeo  Ruben Merino  Esteban Abad  Begoa Jimnez 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):269

Various studies have revealed high concentrations of contaminants such as organochlorines (OCs) and heavy metals in Mediterranean cetaceans. A geographical trend of contamination (PCBs and DDTs) has been found for striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba). In this study we used a non-lethal approach (skin biopsy) to investigate bioaccumulation of OCs, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), DDTs, polychlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorodibenzofurans (PCDFs), trace elements (Hg, Cd, Pb) and CYP1A activity (BPMO) in nine striped dolphins sampled in the Aeolian area (Sicily – Italy) in summer 2002. The arithmetic mean value of BPMO activity in this group was 43.46 AUF/g tissue/h. This value is approximately 3 times and 5 times lower, respectively, than the value found in the Ionian and in the Ligurian groups. Skin biopsies of striped dolphins emerged as a suitable material for assessing the toxicological status of the various Mediterranean groups.  相似文献   

MODIS渤海海冰遥感资料反演   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

吴龙涛  吴辉碇  孙兰涛  张蕴斐  刘煜  韦小琴 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,36(2):173-179

鉴于渤海海冰监测和预报对海冰卫星遥感数字化产品的迫切需求,本文利用MODIS的1B级数据进行渤海海冰参数反演,提供海冰遥感图像和海冰密集度、冰厚数值产品,作为渤海海冰监测和海冰数值预报初始场的重要信息来源,以及海冰预报质量检验的参考依据之一。反演结果表明,其各通道对海冰性质有很好的反映,资料信号比较稳定,对不同密集度和厚度的冰有较好的区分,相对NOAA/AVHRR和HY-1A资料有更好的实际应用价值;Terra/MODIS和HY-1A/COCTS海冰遥感反演结果对比也为HY-1A系列卫星海冰遥感的改进和提高提供有益的启示。  相似文献   

贝类麻痹性毒素的昆明小鼠测定法若干问题探讨   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

林燕棠  贾晓平  杨美兰  全桂英 《热带海洋学报》2001,20(2):88-91

探讨了昆明小鼠用于贝类麻痹性毒素测定的3个问题，（1）石房蛤素素（Saxitoxin简称STX）剂量明小鼠死亡时间为典型关系，其曲线方程为Y=7.1271X^-0.7497,(2)把死亡时间t变为时间的倒数1/t,STX的毒性，MU取对数为logMU ,再进行回归分析得斜率和截距分别为140和0.2,相关系数为0．97，直线回归方程Y＝140X－0．2，所得直线回归方程与AOAC方法中Sommer's表之STX－小鼠死亡时间直线回归方程Y＝145X－0．2比较相近。（3）通过系列实验，求得昆明小鼠一个鼠单位所代表的毒素剂量为0.189ugSTX.  相似文献   

溴素的有机化学Ⅵ.多溴代邻羟基苯甲酸—2,3,5,6—四溴—1,4—苯二酯的合成     

崔伟  钱佐国  孙明昆  孙汉章 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1997,(1)

由邻羟基苯甲酸、１，４—苯二酚和溴素起始，经溴代、氧化—溴代、形成酰氯和酰化等步骤，合成了三种新的多溴代邻羟基苯甲酸—２，３，５，６—四溴—１，４—苯二酯。通过对产物溴含量、ＩＲ和１ＨＮＭＲ的分析，验证了产物的结构  相似文献   

Surface geostrophic currents across the Antarctic circumpolar current in Drake Passage from 1992 to 2004     

Stuart Cunningham  Marko Pavic 《Progress in Oceanography》2007,73(3-4):296

The Southern Ocean plays an important role in the global overturning circulation as a significant proportion of deep water is converted into intermediate and deeper water masses in this region. Recently, a secular trend has been reported in wind stress around the Southern Ocean and it is thought theoretically that the strength of the ACC is closely related to wind stress, so one consequence should be a corresponding increase in ACC transport and hence changes in the rate of the global overturning. There are no long-term data sets of ACC transport and so we must examine other data that may also respond to changing wind stress. Here we calculate surface currents in Drake Passage every seven days over 11.25 years from 1992 to 2004. We combine surface velocity anomalies calculated from satellite altimeter sea surface heights with measured surface currents. Since 1992, the UK has regularly occupied WOCE hydrographic section SR1b across the ACC in Drake Passage. From seven hydrographic sections surface currents are estimated by referencing relative geostrophic velocities from CTD sections with current measurements made by shipboard and lowered acoustic Doppler current profilers. Combining the seven estimates of surface currents with the altimeter data reduces bias in the estimates of average currents over time through Drake Passage and we show that surface current anomalies estimated by satellite and in situ observations are in good agreement. The strongest surface currents are found in the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts with average speeds of 50 cm/s and 35 cm/s, respectively and are inversely correlated, so that maximum westward flow in one corresponds to minimum westward flow in the other. The average cross-sectional weighted surface velocity from 1992 to 2004 is 16.7 ± 0.2 cm/s. A spectral analysis of the average surface current has only weakly increasing energy at higher frequencies and there is no dominant mode of variability. The standard deviation of the seven day currents is 0.68 cm/s and a running 12 month average has only a slightly smaller standard deviation of 0.52 ± 0.16 cm/s. The southern annular mode (SAM) measures the circumpolar average of wind stress and like the surface currents its spectrum has slightly increased energy at frequencies greater than 1 cpy. A cospectral analysis of these, averaging cospectra of five slightly overlapping 36 month segments improve statistical reliability, suggests that there is coherence between them at 1 cpy with the currents leading changes in the Southern annular mode. We conclude that the SAM and average Drake Passage surface currents are weakly correlated with no dominant co-varying modes, and hence predicting Southern Ocean transport variability from the SAM is not likely to give significant results and that secular trends in surface currents are likely to be masked by weekly and interannual variability.  相似文献   

基于光谱阈值法和分裂合并聚类算法的“HY-1A”CCD云检测算法和应用     

王瑞富  孙凌  张杰  宋平舰 《海洋学报》2006,28(6):158-163

“海洋1号A”卫星(简称“HY-1A”)是我国第一颗海洋卫星,它搭载了水色扫描仪和CCD成像仪,其中CCD成像仪主要应用于海岸带地区.为了对海岸带地区进行准确的信息提取和分析,必须去除云的影响和干扰,因此本文针对“HY-1A”CCD数据的特点,对云检测算法进行了评估、遴选和改造,实现了业务化应用,这也是“HY-1A”卫星CCD成像仪海岸带应用示范系统的重要工作之一.云检测的方法众多,主要可以分为可见光/红外阈值法和聚类法两种,每种方法还可以辅以空间均匀性判识.  相似文献   

Identification of aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 in aquatic birds; cDNA cloning of AHR1 and AHR2 and characteristics of their amino acid sequences     

Yasui T  Kim EY  Iwata H  Tanabe S 《Marine environmental research》2004,58(2-5):113-118

The toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and its related planar halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (PHAHs) are mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). To investigate the potential sensitivity to PHAHs and the evolutional diversity of AHR in aquatic birds, AHR cDNAs were initially cloned and sequenced from the livers of a black-footed albatross (Diomedea nigripes) and a common cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). In this study, we report the identification of two distinct AHR paralog genes in these species. The two full-length AHR cDNAs from albatross were highly divergent (33% overall amino acid identity, and 60% identity in the N-terminal half). Phylogenetic analysis showed that one of them belongs to the AHR1 clade and the other one to the AHR2 clade, which has been identified only from fishes, but not yet from mammals and birds. Albatross AHR1 encoded a 861-residue protein with a predicted molecular mass of 96.7 kDa, and in the case of albatross AHR2, 925 amino acids and 100.7 kDa. From cormorant liver, the full-length AHR1 cDNA and the partial AHR2 cDNA were cloned. This result strongly suggests that bird species also possess two distinct AHR genes (AHR1 and AHR2). To our knowledge, this is the first report on the presence of an AHR2-like isoform in bird species as well as in fish.  相似文献   

长江三角洲第一硬土层中微结核的矿物化学特征及其成因   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

金秉福  张云吉  宋键 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2007,27(3):9-15

长江三角洲第一硬土层是古土壤层,是长江河漫滩型沉积物,其形成经历多次沉积和成土过程.硬土层中的铁锰结核以菱铁矿、菱锰矿和褐铁矿为主,通过铁锰元素离子和矿物Eh-pH稳定关系分析,最有利于菱锰矿和菱铁矿结核生成的条件是:Eh＜0且pH＞8.成土期处于末次冰期低海面、气候寒冷干燥期,土壤的化学过程是以氧化作用为主,是褐铁矿等氧化性矿物形成时期;冰后期海相层的沉积覆盖使土壤层进入成岩阶段,土壤层的化学过程以还原作用为主,成岩过程是铁锰碳酸盐结核的主要生成期.  相似文献   

The inventory and chemical characterization of dissolved proteins in oceanic waters     

Namiha Yamada  Eiichiro Tanoue 《Progress in Oceanography》2006,69(1):1-18

One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were applied to separate protein molecules in dissolved organic matter (DOM) from oceanic waters. Results were: (1) The 2-DE distinguished a total of 412 protein spots in 10 samples from five water columns over the Pacific, although fewer than 30 proteins were resolved as bands from the identical samples by SDS-PAGE. (2) Major and ubiquitous protein bands (34 and 39 kDa proteins) on the SDS-PAGE gel were resolved into horizontally spread arrays (trains) of spots on the 2-DE gels, indicating that these bands were a mixture of protein species that have the same molecular weight (MW) but different isoelectric points (pIs). (3) Proteins that exhibited such electrophoretic patterns on the 2-DE gels were glycosylated with variable linkages between the sugar and polypeptide chains. (4) N-terminal amino-acid sequencing demonstrated that individual spots within each train of spots had identical N-terminal amino-acid sequences.The N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the 39 and 34 kDa glycoprotein spots in samples collected at different sites were also identical. Protein isoforms with the same amino-acid sequence but different glycosylation profiles, termed glycoforms, were often observed on the 2-DE gel. Thirty-one and 24 spots on the 2-DE gels were glycoforms of two glycoproteins with MWs of 39 and 34 kDa, respectively; they were one protein species. The glycoforms of the 39 kDa protein were identified as a low molecular weight alkaline phosphatase (L-AP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by a homology search through five amino-acid sequence databases. The present and earlier work indicates that all identified source organisms of dissolved proteins belong to the Pseudomonas group. We propose the hypothesis that proteins associated with membrane vesicles liberated from a minor member of the bacterioplankton assemblage, the marine Pseudomonas group, are one of the important sources of dissolved proteins in oceanic waters. This hypothesis may apply to the source pathway and survival not only of proteins and also to the universally occurring bacterial peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide components in DOM.  相似文献   

Effect of fluid column dynamics on longitudinal vibrations of an ultra deepwater riser covered by an orifice plug     

Vadim S. Tikhonov  Alexander I. Safronov 《Ocean Engineering》2002,29(1):99-112

The paper studies longitudinal vibrations of an ultra-deepwater drilling riser whose bottom end is disconnected from the sea floor and covered by a plug (a blind one or the one with a hole). An elastic shell is used as a model of a riser pipe. The fluid column motion in the riser is described by the Navier–Stokes equation for a compressible fluid. Losses of fluid pressure during its flowing through a hole in the plug are taken into account. Solution of the riser equations is carried out in the frequency domain. Analysis of the effect which the riser length, wave period and height, and the plug-hole diameter on the amplitude of the riser's tension vibrations is conducted. A riser manufactured of strong aluminium alloys, some of prospective materials for ultra deepwater drilling, was considered as a prototype. It has been shown that risers 2000–4000 m long, plug-hole, and a riser 6000 m long with plug-hole of 0.087 m in diameter can withstand wave height of >15 m throughout the frequency range.  相似文献