The scramble for the Waste Lands: Tracking colonial legacies,counterinsurgency and international investment through the lens of land laws in Burma/Myanmar     

Jane M. Ferguson 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2014,35(3):295-311

This article traces the revenue category and legal concept of the Waste Land in Burma/Myanmar from its original application by the British colonial apparatus in the nineteenth century, to its later use in tandem with Burma Army counterinsurgent tactics starting in the 1960s, and finally to the 2012 land laws and current issues in international investment. This adaptation of colonial ideas about territorialization in the context of an ongoing civil war offers a new angle for understanding the relationship between military tactics and the political economy of conflict and counterinsurgent strategies which crucially depended on giving local militias—both government and nongovernment—high degrees of autonomy. The recent government changes, including the more civilian representation in parliament and its shift to engage with Western economies, raise questions regarding the future of the military, as well as local autonomy and the rural peasantry's access to land. As increasing numbers of international investors are poised to enter the Myanmar market, this article will revisit notions of land use and appropriation, and finally the role of the army and its changing relationship with Waste Lands.  相似文献   

Waste governance and ecological identity in Maui,Hawaii, USA     

《Geoforum》2017

Recent scholarship examining environmental governance and solid waste management (SWM) in Hawaii has demonstrated the complexities of managing refuse in a remote, ecologically sensitive archipelago. Despite decades of calls for intensive recycling, composting, incineration, and other non-landfill disposal technologies, most islands of Hawaii continue to rely on sanitary landfilling. On Maui, a minor bureaucratic scandal centered on landfill permitting triggered the formation of an ad hoc entity intended to change SWM once and for all – the Solid Waste Resources Advisory Committee (SWRAC). I mobilize scholarship on waste governance, and in particular the ‘modes of governing’ framework to interrogate the decision-making processes of the SWRAC, evaluate their outputs, and consider the reasons for their ultimately limited impact on SWM governance on Maui. Based on a close reading of SWRAC meeting minutes and documents, I identify several factors, including the lack of clear goals or targets for SWRAC activity; a flawed, consensus-oriented decision-making process; and a failure to contextualize SWM within the broader environmental and cultural terrain of Maui. Taken together, I contend that these three problem areas underline the significance of seriously incorporating and harmonizing competing conceptions of ecological identity into both the ‘modes of governing’ framework and the scholarship of environmental governance more broadly.  相似文献   

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场填土层工程特性及净化机理研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

张莲花 《地质灾害与环境保护》1999,(Z1)

城市生活垃圾卫生填埋场中,填土层对垃圾淋滤液的渗透阻滞和净化作用具有重要意义。对成都万兴固体废弃物处置场填土料的压实性、渗透性及其相互关系,在大量试验的基础上作了深入探讨并导出关系式。填土层对垃圾淋滤液中污染物的衰减净化,是各种因素综合作用的结果。以工程地质为基础,研究生活垃圾淋滤液中常见离子净化规律和机理,认为土层结构的不同,对淋滤液的净化有一定影响,而这种影响因离子的不同而有不同程度的表现：二价离子交换吸附,引起渗透系数在０．５～１．０个数量级范围内变化;离子的负吸附,表明土层吸附的可逆性;而典型的一价离子ＮＨ＋４和Ｃｌ－的净化规律,可用指数函数表征;有机物的衰减与土的有机碳的含量有关。这些研究成果,为全面研究填埋体结构的合理化设计提供了重要依据。  相似文献   

Use of the Spectrometric Sum Parameter for Aromatic Amines in the Monitoring of a Former Ammunition Plant     

T. C. Schmidt  U. Bütehorn  K. Steinbach  R. Kotke  D. Bruns‐Nagel  E. von Lw 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(3):117-122

Aromatic amines are important metabolites of nitroaromatic explosives, hence monitoring of aromatic amines’ content at former ammunition plants is necessary. Twenty years ago, a threshold limit value of 0.1 μg/L for the sum of diazotizable aromatic amines in water distributed from the waterworks at the former ammunition plant in Stadtallendorf/Hesse was established. This value is still measured with a spectrometric sum parameter, in which diazotization and a subsequent azo coupling of the analytes are utilized. The sum parameter is well suited for the long‐term monitoring of filter installations, and it allows very quick measurements and a non‐target screening of aniline contents, both of which are important in research. Nevertheless, as several problems are associated with this parameter, we developed analytical methods suitable for the determination of the most important single compounds contributing to the overall sum. Initial results of these methods show that amphoteric anilines are of considerable importance in ammunition waste but have been neglected up to now in official monitoring schemes. The summation of single compound contents in ammunition wastewater generally gives 3 to 6 times higher values than the spectrometrically determined sum, which is mainly due to the choice of the reference substance 4‐nitroaniline in the sum parameter.  相似文献