天水渭北地区花岗岩类的岩石地球化学特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李永军  栾新东  付国民  李注苍 《地质科技情报》2005,24(4):37-44

天水渭北地区地处祁连造山带与北秦岭造山带的结合部位.在渭河断裂以北出露广泛的花岗岩类属铝过饱和岩石,为钙碱性岩类.前石炭纪花岗岩类w(Al2O3)/[w(Na2O K2O CaO)]值均小于1.1;石炭纪以来岩体w(Al2O3)/[w(Na2O K2O CaO)]值大多大于1.1;岩体贫大离子亲石元素如Ba、Rb、Sr、Y、Ta、Be、B、Zr、Nb,低亲硫元素Ga、Cu,而高Mo、Sn、Bi、W等高温热液成矿元素和亲铁元素Sc、Cr、Ni、Co.稀土元素显示石炭纪以来岩体形成于稳定大陆环境,前石炭纪岩体的形成环境与造山作用密切相关.  相似文献   

Geometric Parameters as Key Factors for the 3D-modeling of Fluvial Deposits     

Raimo Becker-Haumann 《Transactions in GIS》2007,11(1):83-100

GIS is an established and appropriate tool for the management and evaluation of geodata which is being increasingly used for the three‐dimensional modeling of strata. An advanced technique for the GIS‐based 3D‐modeling is developed here in order to integrate genetic aspects of deposition into the modeling process. The ArcView^® software (ESRI, Inc., Redlands, California) and the extensions 3D‐Analyst and Spatial Analyst have been used for the data management and layer rendering. The tools VirGIL and GSI‐3D (Insight Corp., Germany) have been applied for the purpose of visualization of the layers in 3D. The main topic of the work is the generation of geometrically consistent models of fluvial terrace bodies, which represent monogenetic fills of Pleistocene palaeovalleys. One peculiarity of the investigated Illerglacier foreland, southern Germany, is the occurrence of highly eroded terrace remnants. The preserved deposits are tied to several accumulation levels, but the usual way of morphostratigraphic interpretation is limited and results in lots of different stratigraphies and palaeogeographic ideas presented in literature. The sediment fill of meltwater valleys, which can be identified in the Illerglacier area is reconstructed based upon intense field mapping. The terrace accumulations are defined by the base and surface layers, which are thought to be isochronous. Some 1,400 data points were used to model these layers in 3D. The geometry of the sediment deposits is defined using basic parameters, e.g. the gradient and the thickness of the terrace, which are used as bench levels for the modeling process. The quality of the calculated maps and cross‐sections far surpasses that of those derived in the classic way without a genetic concept and without using the 3D‐modeling technique. The results derived from the terrace models are relevant for the stratigraphy and palaeogeography of the investigated region of the Alpine foreland. The advanced modeling technique can be used for the detail analyses of terrace sequences of other regions.  相似文献   

贵州高原北部河流阶地发育与喀斯特地貌演化     

蒋玺  陈文奇  宁凡  孙玉慧  敖进  罗维均  况光显 《地理研究》2021,40(1):81-92

贵州高原北部发育平缓丘丛和深切峰丛2种喀斯特地貌组合,保存于喀斯特山间盆地的河流阶地对区域地貌演化具有指示意义。本文根据阶地发育特征和光释光（OSL）测年,分析阶地形成的时代和动力,结合区域地质背景,探讨构造抬升和河流侵蚀对黔北喀斯特地貌演化的驱动作用。结果显示,绥阳盆地T1阶地时代18.8~8.2 ka,T2时代144.4~104.1 ka;旺草盆地T1年龄为5.5 ka,T2年龄为45.1 ka。绥阳盆地阶地以漫滩相沉积物为主,旺草盆地阶地则多切割了白云岩基岩。分析认为,气候条件影响了阶地的沉积过程,但差异性构造抬升应为区域河流阶地差异发育的主要因素。阶地测年显示,旺草盆地的河流平均下切速率明显高于绥阳盆地,表明芙蓉江流域构造抬升和河流下切强度明显高于洋川河。在差异性构造抬升和河流侵蚀综合作用下,北部大娄山区形成了深切的喀斯特峰丛-峡谷地貌,南部乌江中游流域则发育以平坦盆地和宽缓丘丛为主的地貌组合。  相似文献   

The Oyambre coastal terrace: a detailed sedimentary record of the Last Interglacial Stage in northern Iberia (Cantabrian coast,Spain)     

Elisa Sainz de Murieta  Pedro P. Cunha  Alejandro Cearreta  Andrew S. Murray  Jan-Pieter Buylaert 《第四纪科学杂志》2021,36(4):570-585

A detailed study is presented of a 15.3-m-thick Pleistocene coastal terrace located on the Cantabrian coast (northern Spain). Stratigraphic, sedimentological, topographic and micropalaeontological information is combined with a chronology based on luminescence dating to characterize the deposits. The sedimentary succession records: (i) a basal transgressive system, consisting of a wave-cut surface covered by a lower layer of beach gravels and upper beach pebbly sands; and (ii) a thicker upper highstand system (aggrading), comprising medium to very fine aeolian sands interbedded with thin palustrine muds. Luminescence dating involved a detailed sampling strategy (36 samples and two modern analogues) and the use of both quartz optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and feldspar post-infrared infrared stimulated luminescence single aliquot regeneration protocols; feldspar results were used to confirm the completeness of bleaching of the quartz OSL signal. The quartz OSL luminescence age–depth relationship shows significant dispersion, but nevertheless two rapid phases of deposition can be clearly identified: one at ~130 ka [Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5] and one at ~100 ka (MIS 5c). The top of the succession is dated to ~70 ka. The MIS 5e marine maximum flooding surface is identified at an elevation of 6.85 m above mean seal level. This elevation provides evidence of a regional sea-level highstand for this sector of the Cantabrian coast.  相似文献   

黄山北麓青弋江发育研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡春生  刘邵晨  胡晨琦  曹乐  周迎秋 《地理学报》2018,73(1):138-151

青弋江位于黄山北麓,为长江下游最长的支流。野外考察发现青弋江泾县盆地段存在溪口剖面和城北剖面等2个天然剖面,共发育了1级洪积扇台地（P）和3级河流阶地（T3、T2和T1）,并相应堆积了4级砾石层。通过对砾石层进行砾组分析,并借助电子自旋共振（ESR）测年和古地磁测年等方法,初步探讨了青弋江发育的年代、过程和成因。研究结论为：① 砾组分析表明青弋江T3阶地是青弋江的最老阶地,并且其砾石层是青弋江的最老砾石层;② 测年结果表明青弋江发育的年代区间为1300~900 ka,其中~1300 ka为青弋江发育的最早年代,而~900 ka则为青弋江发育的最晚年代;③ 青弋江发育于~1377 ka前的洪积扇辫状河,并先后经历了洪积扇及辫状河发育、辫状河下切、青弋江形成等阶段,即所谓的源于洪积扇辫状河的青弋江发育过程;④ 青弋江发育可能是降水增加和构造抬升共同作用的结果。该研究有助于为中国东部地区中小河流发育研究提供参考。  相似文献   

北京平谷山前河流阶地发育序列、形成时代及地质意义     

王晓亮  赵元艺  赵希涛  陈军典  吴文彬 《地质论评》2024,70(1):2024010023-2024010023

河流阶地是研究河流演化、构造运动的良好载体, 虽然北京地区第四纪地质研究程度较高, 但北京东部地区对河流阶地的相关研究资料较少。本文以北京平谷燕山山前发育的泃河、黄松峪石河、将军关石河为研究对象, 通过野外地质调查、光释光测年技术（OSL）详细划分了上述河流阶地的发育序列, 在此基础上讨论了部分河流阶地的形成时代、阶地成因及河流阶地对燕山隆升的响应等地质问题, 认为泃河南岸发育有3级阶地, 北岸发育2级阶地;黄松峪石河最多发育有6级阶地;将军关石河发育有5级阶地。将军关石河至晚形成于中更新世晚期（161. 7±7. 7 ka BP）, 黄松峪石河至晚形成于晚更新世早期（121. 2±5. 4~100. 3±4. 1 ka BP）, 泃河至晚形成于晚更新世中期（79. 4±3. 3~70. 8±3. 4 ka BP）。泃河、黄松峪石河、将军关石河各级阶地的形成受到了古气候变化和燕山隆升的双重影响, 平谷地区燕山在中更新世晚期以来, 一直处于隆升的状态, 晚更新世早期时隆升速率达到最大, 可达0. 24~0. 34 mm/a, 晚更新世中期时隆升速率降低, 0. 18~0. 24 mm/a。以上成果对研究北京东部河流阶地发育特征、形成时代具有重要参考价值, 也为中更新世晚期以来燕山的隆升提供了新的证据。  相似文献   

大别山东麓河流阶地初步研究     

杨源源  李鹏飞  郑海刚  潘浩波  路硕  疏鹏 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(12):1294-1299

基于遥感解译、野外调查、光释光(OSL)测年和无人机地形测绘,对大别山东麓桐城-太湖段河流阶地发育特征与变形情况进行初步研究。结果表明：1）大别山东麓河流阶地发育较差,各中小型河流普遍发育一级阶地,少数大型河流发育2级阶地;2）大别山东麓河流T1阶地形成时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期(约25 ka BP~12 ka BP),T2阶地形成时代为晚更新世中期(约55 ka BP);3）郯庐断裂带大别山东麓段自河流T2阶地形成以来未发生明显活动,该段最新活动时代为中更新世。  相似文献   

利用HVSR法探测渭河盆地浅部构造     

阮明明  王帅军  田晓峰  程国亮  周铭  郑成龙 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(6):584-587

利用渭河盆地眉县至扶风段地震测线的连续地震背景噪声数据,基于噪声水平和垂直向谱比（HVSR）法,得到各台站HVSR曲线;再通过频率与深度的转换关系,获得测线下方近地表第四系沉积层结构埋深。结果显示,盆地第四系沉积层厚度呈U型分布,由盆地两侧向中间腹部逐渐变厚,两侧厚度为100~400 m,中部厚度为400~600 m;沉积层深度剖面在距测线起点25 km和33 km处明显表现出沉积界面间断跳跃特征,该变化与岐山-马召断裂和扶风-乾县断裂在空间位置上有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

2011年渭河和汉江上游秋汛期环流特征及暴雨致洪成因     

蔡新玲  康岚  孙娴  李茜  毛明策 《湖北气象》2013,(2):120-125

利用气候统计和天气分析方法,结合气象和水文资料,对2011年9月华西秋雨的时空分布特点、大尺度环流形势及相关流域的洪水与秋雨关系进行了分析。结果显示,2011年华西秋雨主雨区位于渭河、汉江上游及渠江流域,雨区集中和强降水时段集中是2011年华西秋雨的主要特点。分析大尺度环流表明,欧亚中高纬度地区位势高度距平场从西北到东南呈现"+-+"的典型波列分布,副热带高压的东西摆动和稳定维持直接影响雨带位置变化,西风槽与高原槽的叠加导致了大范围的强降水。渭河和汉江上游流域水位变化与流域强降水过程有很好的对应关系。与秋汛期历年洪涝年比较,2011年渭河和汉江上游流域秋汛期总降水量低于2003年,但暴雨过程集中、强度大导致该流域出现自1983年以来最大洪水。  相似文献   

Increasing probability of concurrent drought between the water intake and receiving regions of the Hanjiang to Weihe River Water Diversion Project,China     

Wang  Xiaohong  Liu  Xianfeng  Sun  Gaopeng 《地理学报(英文版)》2022,32(10):1998-2012

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Water diversion projects are an effective measure to mitigate water shortages in water-limited areas. Understanding the risk of such projects increasing...  相似文献