江苏南通地区晚第四纪下切河谷沉积与环境演变   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林春明  张霞  邓程文  王红  冯旭东  刘芮岑 《沉积学报》2016,34(2):268-280

采用层序地层学基本原理,以海平面升降旋回为主线,根据钻井岩芯、古生物、测年和分析化验等资料,探讨了江苏南通地区晚第四纪地层层序、层序界面、沉积特征及沉积环境的演变。结果表明,研究区晚第四纪发育三期下切河谷,形成了三套沉积层序,自下而上三个层序的地质时代分别相当于晚第四纪早期、晚第四纪中期和晚第四纪晚期。由于后期河流的强烈下切破坏,早期沉积层序往往被剥蚀殆尽,仅残留下部的河床相粗粒沉积,造成不同期河床相的叠置;相对而言,晚第四纪晚期形成的下切河谷沉积层序以不同的沉积相组合被保存下来,自下而上划分为河床、河漫滩、河口湾、浅海和三角洲5种沉积相类型,表现为一个较完整的沉积层序。晚第四纪晚期下切河谷底界面,是末次冰期海面下降,河流下切形成的侵蚀面,与河间地古土壤层顶面的沉积间断面同属一个地史期的产物,一起构成区域不整合面,界面上下岩性突变,其上的冰后期地层属同一个海平面变化旋回,可互相对比,因而具有年代地层学意义。三期下切河谷层序的套叠结构表明,晚第四纪以来,研究区存在三次"低海面-海侵-高海面-海退"周期性海面变化。  相似文献   

Structural features of the southern Tulum Fault System,western central Argentina,through gravimetric data and geomorphologic analyses     

《Journal of South American Earth Sciences》2016

A gravimetric analysis over the Tulum Valley was made. This data was used to reveal the structural setting of the Tulum Fault System situated in the southeastern part of San Juan province in the arid western part of Argentina. This system is the boundary between two geological provinces, the eastern Precordillera Oriental and the Sierras Pampeanas Occidentales. Gravity data was processed using upward continuation and vertical derivative filters and all the results were compared with the geomorphological and the drainage systems maps of the area. Our assessment confirms the presence of two structures in the Pampeano basement with positive anomalies similar to those found in Valdivia and Barboza hills, two important depocenters with low gravimetric gradients separated by a zone with higher gravity anomalies than the depocenters to the east and west. In view of this, a structural map is proposed for the area. This system is important not only because it is the boundary between two geological provinces and has significance regarding regional tectonic issues but also because it controls the surface drainage, soils distribution and groundwater flow of the Tulum basin conditioning the land use distribution.  相似文献   

民和盆地马厂塬遗址古地震与暴雨山洪泥流事件释光测年研究     

郭永强  黄春长  周亚利  庞奖励  查小春  张玉柱  胡贵明  周强 《地质学报》2016,90(1):189-199

通过对青海民和盆地详细的野外调查,在民和马厂塬遗址周围首次发现多处黄土地裂缝(呈现N 30°~40°W和N40°~50°E走向)。详细观察可见有一层红色粘土覆盖文化层,并且填充了这些裂隙,判定这是古地震与暴雨山洪泥流事件的沉积记录。对马厂塬遗址边墙村南剖面两个地点相同地层单元平行采样,应用单片再生剂量法(SAR)技术对红色泥流及其上下黄土夹层进行释光(OSL)测年研究,并对这些样品等效剂量(De)值进行统计分析,获得了较为可靠的OSL年代。综合OSL年代结果、全新世黄土地层关系、考古记录及研究区马家窑文化类型的放射性14C测年数据,确定这次古地震及暴雨山洪泥流事件发生在4.9 ka B.P.左右,对应于马家窑文化类型(5.3~4.8 ka B.P.)晚期。本文研究揭示了史前古地震事件与暴雨山洪泥流沉积物的OSL特征,对于马厂塬遗址环境考古和深刻认识民和盆地自然灾害的发生规律具有重要的科学意义。  相似文献   

Tectonically‐controlled Evolution of the Late Cenozoic Nihewan Basin,North China Craton: Constraints from Stratigraphy,Mineralogy, and Geochemistry     

LIU Jin  CHEN Xingqiang  CHI Zhenqing  WANG Yong  MIN Longrui  LI Tingdong 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(2):769-785

The Late Cenozoic basins in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben, North China Craton are delineated by northeast-striking faults. The faults have, since a long time, been related to the progressive uplift and northeastward expansion of the Tibetan Plateau. To show the relation between the basins and faults, two Pliocene–Pleistocene stratigraphic sections(Chengqiang and Hongyanangou) in the southern part of the Nihewan Basin at the northernmost parts of the graben are studied herein. Based on the sedimentary sequences and facies, the sections are divided into three evolutionary stages, such as alluvial fan-eolian red clay, fan delta, and fluvial, with boundaries at ~2.8 and ~1.8 Ma. Paleocurrent indicators, the composition of coarse clastics, heavy minerals, and the geochemistry of moderate–fine clastics are used to establish the temporal and spatial variations in the source areas. Based on features from the middlenorthern basin, we infer that the Nihewan Basin comprises an old NE–SW elongate geotectogene and a young NW–SE elongate subgeotectogene. The main geotectogene in the mid-north is a half-graben bounded by northeast-striking and northwest-dipping normal faults(e.g., Liulengshan Fault). This group of faults was mainly affected by the Pliocene(before ~2.8–2.6 Ma) NW–SE extension and controlled the deposition of sediments. In contrast, the subgeotectogene in the south was affected by northwest-striking normal faults(e.g., Huliuhe Fault) that were controlled by the subsequent weak NE–SW extension in the Pleistocene. The remarkable change in the sedimentary facies and provenance since ~1.8 Ma is possibly a signal of either weak or strong NE–SW extension. This result implies that the main tectonic transition ages of ~2.8–2.6 Ma and ~1.8 Ma in the Weihe–Shanxi Graben are affected by the Tibetan Plateau in Pliocene–Pleistocene.  相似文献   

水文变异的主因分析研究——以渭河为例     

李秋霞 《地下水》2018,(6):166-169

为研究水资源变异的重点影响时段,本文创新性地提出一种新型的主因素分析方法,依靠时间尺度进行划分,把诊断分析的结果列为研究基础资料,这些数据资料必须满足先后时间的嵌入关系,并且会对水资源的变异现象产生重要的影响作用,然后利用拓扑学上的时间尺度变异关系图谱,同时比较计算公式中的重要影响系数,最终来研判出造成水资源序列变异的关键影响时段。采用设立在岐山测站在1966至2010年期间观测到的渭河径流序列,并将其观测结果作为实例,分析该河流在不同时间尺度上的变异主因,分析结果表明,不论是在所研究的季节尺度还是汛/非汛期尺度上,暑期的七、八月份均是在时间尺度上造成水资源变异的主要原因。该研究结果意义重大,对于指导当地水资源的规划、管理、配制、泄洪、防洪等水文工作以及关注水资源在关键时段的作用原理,起到了指领性作用。  相似文献   

北京某景区崩塌灾害隐患点治理方案设计思路          下载免费PDF全文

赵云峰  张涛  刘文清  朱忠纪 《探矿工程》2021,48(5):96-105

山岳型风景名胜区地质灾害治理的难点在于将地质灾害隐患治理与当地自然风景相统一,既保留住景区的背景特色,又能彻底消除地质灾害的安全隐患。本文对北京怀柔某景区崩塌隐患点地质灾害特征进行了介绍,对隐患点危岩体（带）的稳定性进行了计算及评价,分析了地质灾害成因及发展趋势,最后对景区地质灾害治理的方法和思路进行了比选分析,选择了加固及避让的治理措施,摸索出经济、合理以及与景区风景相协调的治理方案,最大程度地保护了风景区的自然景观与自然资源,可以为相关地质灾害治理提供参考借鉴。  相似文献   

二连盆地中部古河道砂岩型铀矿综合地球物理响应特征研究     

吴曲波  陈聪  杨龙泉  喻翔  高玲举  周俊杰  李必红  汪硕  刘武生 《地质学报》2021,95(8):2521-2536

二连盆地是我国北方重要的产铀盆地,近年来盆地中部相继发现一批古河道型砂岩铀矿床,预示该区域具有明显的找铀前景.结合该区铀成矿与地层结构、断裂、砂体、氧化还原过渡带等因素密切相关的地质认识,利用多种地球物理方法对成矿地质环境进行综合探测试验研究,分析研究成矿有利区平面上的重力异常、磁异常、放射性异常特征,以及剖面上的地震响应特征,半定量地建立了成矿有利区的综合地球物理预测模型:平面上,矿(化)体主要位于剩余重力异常的梯度带及附近,异常范围主要于-1×10-5～1×10-5m/s2,位于"两高夹一低""U"型和"高、低"半"U"型土壤氡浓度异常带上,位于"高、低"半"U"型剩余磁异常的过渡带部位.剖面上,矿区主要位于宽缓"U"型充填状河道地震相体内,"U"型河道的两侧及内部多出现弯曲、间断、陡立等类似断层的同相轴特征,"U"型河道内部矿(化)体多呈中弱振幅、中低频率、低连续性的杂乱状地震反射特征.利用该模型在二连盆地中部预测了1片铀成矿有利区,后期通过调研分析预测区内钻孔资料,验证了该预测结果是有效的.表明本文建立的"重力+地震+测氡+磁测"组合找矿方法和预测模型,可提升二连盆地砂岩型铀矿勘查预测效果,可为类似地区铀矿勘查工作提供有益参考.  相似文献   

怒江云南段高山峡谷区泥石流堵河危险研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨顺  佘涛  张勇  刘建康 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1025-67z1027

正怒江流域云南段山高谷深,地质条件复杂,泥石流多发频发,常形成堵河事件,严重威胁区内人民生命财产安全。针对怒江云南段泥石流堵河现象,通过理论分析、数值模拟及野外验证,探讨怒江泥石流堵河类型及泥石流堵河危险性评价。怒江云南段泥石流堵河以部分堵塞类型为主,泥石流主沟两侧为高危险区,建议重点防护或安全避让。  相似文献   

渭河盆地河流阶地演化及其构造—气候意义     

王迎国  常宏  周卫健 《地质论评》2021,67(3):67040007-67040007

渭河盆地渭河及其各支流演化历史与区域构造、气候变化密切相关,因此盆地内各河流阶地的成因和演化是研究渭河盆地环境演变的重要科学问题。河流阶地之上黄土的磁性地层学被普遍用来获得盆地内河流阶地形成的年龄。尽管粉尘物质在第四纪以来覆盖了盆地大范围区域,河流阶地形成与粉尘物质最终保存在阶地之间可能还存在一定的时间差异。所以,尽管借鉴黄土—古土壤序列的区域对比,能够推断河流阶段的年代范围,仍需更多绝对年龄方法对其进行约束。本文通过渭河盆地内渭河不同支流河流阶地形成年代、拔河高度等的综合分析,结合大范围区域隆升过程及第四纪气候演化序列对比,发现并不是所有气候变化的重要节点就有相应的河流阶地形成,河流阶地年龄空间分布也有一定的区域性特征,提出渭河盆地河流演化与构造运动造成潜能及气候变化诱发这些潜能的释放密切相关。所以,渭河盆地河流阶地主要是在大范围的构造隆升和气候变化共同作用下的构造—气候旋回阶地。渭河盆地水系演化史的重建对全面认识黄河中游水系早期的形成演化具有重要意义,尤其是解决渭河、黄河贯通三门峡的争议,但还需要更多可靠的不同河流地质证据和多种分析数据的印证和约束。  相似文献   

Simulating and predicting river discharge time series using a wavelet‐neural network hybrid modelling approach     

Shouke Wei  Jinxi Song  Nasreen Islam Khan 《水文研究》2012,26(2):281-296

Accurate simulation and prediction of the dynamic behaviour of a river discharge over any time interval is essential for good watershed management. It is difficult to capture the high‐frequency characteristics of a river discharge using traditional time series linear and nonlinear model approaches. Therefore, this study developed a wavelet‐neural network (WNN) hybrid modelling approach for the predication of river discharge using monthly time series data. A discrete wavelet multiresolution method was employed to decompose the time series data of river discharge into sub‐series with low (approximation) and high (details) frequency, and these sub‐series were then used as input data for the artificial neural network (ANN). WNN models with different wavelet decomposition levels were employed to predict river discharge 48 months ahead of time. Comparison of results from the WNN models with those of the ANN models alone indicated that WNN models performed a more accurate prediction. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献