江西省数字化雷达回波拼图技术方法的研究     

王令  李芬 《气象与减灾研究》1998,(1)

介绍了江西省数字化雷达回波拼图的技术方法。该方法主要包括回波资料的预处理、拼图投影处理。它具有资料同一性、准确性好、方便灵活、适合业务使用等特点。  相似文献   

The formation of high-grade ignimbrites, I: Experiments on high- and low-concentration transport systems containing sticky particles     

Armin Freundt 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1998,59(6):414-435

 High-grade ignimbrites are thought to be deposited by pyroclastic flows at temperatures exceeding minimum welding temperature or even solidus temperature. Corresponding pyroclastic-flow particles range from plastic to partially liquid and are able to aggregate or coalesce. This contrasts with particles in pyroclastic flows producing unwelded ignimbrite, which are capable of elastic grain interactions. The low aspect ratio and great areal extent of high-grade ignimbrites requires transport in a particulate state either by (a) high-concentration mass flow facilitated by fluidizing gas reducing internal friction, or by (b) expanded turbulent flow of low but downward increasing concentration. This paper presents experiments designed to investigate the effects of plastic to liquid particles on these two contrasting transport mechanisms. Gas fluidization experiments using polyethyleneglycole (PEG) powders heated above minimum sintering (T_ms) and melting (T_m) temperatures cover a wide range of fluidization velocities (U_mf>U_a>0.6·U_t) but are always in the bubbly fluidization regime similar to fluidized ignimbrite ash, where particle volume concentration outside the bubbles is high (≈10^–1). When the powders reach a critical temperature T_m≥T≥T_ms, defluidization by catastrophic particle aggregation immediately commences in both stationary and laterally moving fluidized beds as well as in experiments using mixtures of high- and low-T_m (≥30 wt.%) PEG powders, when T≥T_ms of the lower-T_m powder. This indicates that extended particulate transport at T≥T_ms is not possible at such high particle concentrations. In the turbulent flow experiments, liquid sprays of molten PEG or water, vertically injected into a high-Re (>10⁴) horizontal air flow, form a low-concentration (10^–5 to 10^–4) turbulent suspension current. Proximal formation of partially coalesced aggregates, which settle faster than individual particles, causes the measured downstream decay of sedimentation rate to be steeper than predicted by theory of single solid-particle sedimentation from turbulent suspensions. As particles become finer downstream and coalescence efficiency decreases in response to cooling, more distally formed aggregates become too small and rare to modify sedimentation-rate decay from that of suspension flows containing solid particles. The key difference between the two transport systems is particle concentration, C. Since particle collision rate R_coll∝C², collision rates in fluidized beds are so high that all particles immediately aggregate when coalescence efficiency (1≥E_coal≥0) is larger than 10^-3. Low-concentration suspensions, on the other hand, require much higher values of E_coal for significant aggregation to occur. Dilute pyroclastic flows will have higher particle volume fractions (≈10^–3) than the experimental currents, but then viscous pyroclasts should have lower coalescence efficiencies than PEG droplets. Experimental results thus support an expanded turbulent transport mechanism of pyroclastic flows generating extensive high-grade ignimbrite sheets. Received: 28 August 1996 / Accepted: 3 December 1997  相似文献   

河西地区非均匀下垫面的大气变性过程   总被引：14，自引：6，他引：14  

张强  胡隐樵 《高原气象》1996,15(3):282-292

利用ＨＥＩＦＥ野外观测资料，分析了河西地区黑河流域夏半年下面动力和热力特性的不均匀 ；并以个别具有一定代表性的晴天观测资料为例，客观地分析了绿洲与沙漠或戈壁下垫面突变所产生的近地层大气变性过程；初步解释发绿洲近地层逆温和沙漠或戈壁近地层逆湿的形成机制，同时也讨论了绿洲和沙的水汽输送过程。  相似文献   

荒漠化及其系统过程   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  

周劲松  包浩生 《云南地理环境研究》1996,8(1):50-58

荒漠化是全球重大的社会经济和环境问题。本文通过分析荒漠化及其系统过程认为，荒漠化是在土地利用系统中由于不合理的土地利用方式造成植被覆盖度下降，并通过一系列反馈机制形成的土地退化过程。由于系统内植被破坏对土壤侵蚀存在放大效应，应注重对我国南方山地丘陵水蚀荒漠化的研究。  相似文献   

Arsenic — a Review. Part II: Oxidation of Arsenic and its Removal in Water Treatment     

Monique Bissen  Fritz H. Frimmel 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2003,31(2):97-107

In natural waters arsenic normally occurs in the oxidation states +III (arsenite) and +V (arsenate). The removal of As(III) is more difficult than the removal of As(V). Therefore, As(III) has to be oxidized to As(V) prior to its removal. The oxidation in the presence of air or pure oxygen is slow. The oxidation rate can be increased by ozone, chlorine, hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, or H₂O₂. The oxidation of As(III) is also possible in the presence of manganese oxide coated sands or by advanced oxidation processes. Arsenic can be removed from waters by coprecipitation with Fe(OH)₃, MnO₂ or during water softening. Fixed‐bed filters have successfully been applied for the removal of arsenic.The effectiveness of arsenic removal was tested in the presence of adsorbents such as FeOOH, activated alumina, ferruginous manganese ore, granular activated carbon, or natural zeolites. Other removal technologies are anion exchange, electrocoagulation, and membrane filtration by ultrafiltration, nanofiltration or reverse osmosis.  相似文献   

简论资源、环境与经济间可持续发展关系     

杨勇 《云南地质》2003,22(1):121-128

资源学、环境学与经济学是相对独立的学科，但它们之间又具有密切的内部联系。资源（自然资源）、经济和环境是现代社会发展中的三个重要方面。本文试图用综合发展的观点，分析资源、环境、经济三者之间的相互矛盾、相互依赖、相互影响、相互作用的规律，论述处理好资源、环境与经济相互协调、发展的关系。这也是社会经济可持续发展的时代要求。  相似文献   

与地震相关的西安地裂事件的全过程研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

陈红旗  黄润秋  彭建兵 《工程地质学报》2003,11(4):343-348

运用历史分析方法,通过物探、热释光测年、古建筑地震地裂反应分析等,探讨了新生代以来与地震相关的西安地裂事件全过程,初步建立了与地震相关的西安地裂事件历程,并按地质历史、地震记载历史、现代三个阶段讨论了地裂灾害特征。并结合地裂场地地震动力效应研究,对未来 5 0年内与地震相关的地裂危险进行了预测。本文成果不仅可指导西安城市建设规划,而且为地裂灾害工程抗防提供了依据。  相似文献   

基于层次分析法的地震次生水灾区划     

李贞 《华南地震》2007,27(2):56-61

以地震次生水灾为研究对象,构建了地震次生水灾的指标体系,在此基础上应用层次分析法建立数学模型,初步研究了地震次生水灾区划的方法和过程。  相似文献   

Correction of the Buckingham–Darcy Law for flow of high strength salts in variably saturated porous media     

Erick R. Burns  Maria I. Dragila  John S. Selker  Ronald B. Guenther  Jean-Yves Parlange  Noam Weisbrod 《Advances in water resources》2007

The Buckingham–Darcy Law is used to describe fluid flow in unsaturated porous media at low Reynolds number. In order to provide a priori corrections to this law, a process thermodynamic approach is utilized to ascertain the functional dependence. Using this knowledge, corrections to the hydraulic conductivity coefficient are proposed and compared with available data. The proposed corrections substantially predict the observed behavior of flow of high concentration (saturated) sodium chloride solutions in porous media. During the derivation, physical principles consistent with the thermodynamics of the system were utilized. A review of these principles and their results provides an alternative form of the generalized Gibbs–Duhem Relation for continuous processes, indicating that the identical equivalence to zero is unlikely to occur for dissipative processes. Further, the postulated Gibbs and Gibbs–Duhem Relations indicate that special differential operators need to be used for continuous processes rather than the usual use of a generic differential.  相似文献   

基于遥感和GIS的中国土地潜力资源的研究   总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26  

高志强  刘纪远 《遥感学报》2000,4(2):136-140

在对中国土地资源综合研究基础上,利用已有研究成果,借助ＧＩＳ工具,利用层次分析法,对中国土地地潜力资源进行了综合分析和评价,在评价基础上,对中国土地资源的耕地潜力、生产潜力、生产潜力总量、人口容量潜力及综合潜力的大小和空间展布特征进行分析。结论为：中国土地资源潜力很力,但时空分布不均,在开发利用中,应因地制宜,采取不同的开发、利用的战略方针,在保护好现有土地资源和合理科学利用的基础上,谨慎开发,以  相似文献