"中华第一井"遗址水文地质病害调查研究     

何满潮  周旭荣  韩雪  刘成禹  孙全 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2006,17(4):57-60

作为第五批国家重点文物保护单位的“中华第一井”文物遗址区被考古专家誉为“进入21世纪以来最重大的发现”。遗址区自2002年部分发掘以来,产生了各种环境地质病害,水文地质病害尤为严重。由于文物保护工程的特殊性,文章以科学的勘察方案为基础,以无损或低损综合勘察方法准确获得相关地质信息的前提下,分析了碗米坡水库修建后遗址区的主要水文地质病害,为遗址区的进一步发掘和长期保护提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

Approaches to defining a planetary boundary for biodiversity     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

The idea that there is an identifiable set of boundaries, beyond which anthropogenic change will put the Earth system outside a safe operating space for humanity, is attracting interest in the scientific community and gaining support in the environmental policy world. Rockstrom et al. (2009) identify nine such boundaries and highlight biodiversity loss as being the single boundary where current rates of extinction put the Earth system furthest outside the safe operating space. Here we review the evidence to support a boundary based on extinction rates and identify weaknesses with this metric and its bearing on humanity's needs. While changes to biodiversity are of undisputed importance, we show that both extinction rate and species richness are weak metrics for this purpose, and they do not scale well from local to regional or global levels. We develop alternative approaches to determine biodiversity loss boundaries and extend our analysis to consider large-scale responses in the Earth system that could affect its suitability for complex human societies which in turn are mediated by the biosphere. We suggest three facets of biodiversity on which a boundary could be based: the genetic library of life; functional type diversity; and biome condition and extent. For each of these we explore the science needed to indicate how it might be measured and how changes would affect human societies. In addition to these three facets, we show how biodiversity's role in supporting a safe operating space for humanity may lie primarily in its interactions with other boundaries, suggesting an immediate area of focus for scientists and policymakers.  相似文献   

Carbon accounting for sinks in the CDM after CoP-9     

Lucio Pedroni 《Climate Policy》2013,13(4):407-418

Abstract

The role of sinks in the clean development mechanism (CDM) has been a subject of controversy for several reasons; one being that temporary carbon storage in forests appeared to prevent any opportunity to use them as an option to reduce permanent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In Milan (December 2003), the Conference of the Parties (CoP) decided to address this problem by introducing two types of expiring units: temporary CERs (tCERs) and long-term CERs (lCERs). Countries committed to emission reductions may acquire these units to temporarily offset their emissions and thus to postpone permanent emission reductions. As further decided by the CoP, baseline emissions of GHGs and the enhancement of sinks outside the project boundary will not be accounted for in the calculation of tCERs or lCERs. The contribution of CDM-sink projects to GHG emissions abatement will therefore be greater than what will be credited to them. On the other hand, permanent GHG emissions that may result as a consequence of the implementation of sink project activities are treated as non-permanent. If these emissions are above avoided baseline emissions, CDM-sinks will result in net increases of GHG emissions into the atmosphere. After briefly reassessing the non-permanence problem, this article explains how tCERs and lCERs should be quantified according to Decision 19/CP.9 of CoP-9 and how calculations are implemented in the forthcoming software CO₂ Land. Using a simple numerical example, it illustrates how the GHG accounting rule adopted at CoP-9 may result in net increases of GHG emissions. In the conclusion, a possible solution to this problem is proposed.  相似文献   

伪卫星辅助下的北斗GBAS完好性增强技术研究     

于耕  张斌浩  禄韶勇  赵龙  任武君 《测绘通报》2017,(9):1-5

根据机场实施精密导航技术（RNP）的要求,国际民航组织（ICAO）提出地基增强系统（GBAS）,GBAS必将成为未来发展的必然趋势。但是在复杂的机场环境下,卫星信号易受外界影响和干扰,连续性不足,进而影响GBAS系统完好性性能的实施。因此,本文提出了伪卫星与北斗卫星联合定位增强GBAS的方法,并从加入伪卫星后的精度因子（DOP）、多参考一致性检测（MRCC）、完好性等方面进行了对比仿真分析。仿真结果表明,增加伪卫星后的系统精度因子得到了明显改善（PDOP小于3）,同时提高了完好性性能,能够为复杂环境下的机场提供GBAS CAT Ⅱ类及以上等级的精密进近服务。  相似文献   

贵州遵义地区安场向斜“四层楼”页岩油气成藏模式研究   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

翟刚毅  包书景  庞飞  任收麦  陈科  王玉芳  周志  王胜建 《中国地质》2017,44(1):1-12

中国南方地区从震旦纪到古近纪发育多套烃源岩,由于经历多期构造运动,油气保存条件欠佳。60多年来,除四川、江汉、苏北等盆地外,盆外复杂构造区油气调查始终未获重大发现。文章通过对野外地质调查、地球物理勘查和系统的油气成藏条件研究,认为黔北安场向斜五峰—龙马溪组富有机质页岩发育、热演化程度适中,石牛栏组储集性能较好,向斜翼部逆断层封挡,具备良好的页岩气、油气富集成藏条件。在向斜西翼部署实施的安页1井,在栖霞组、石牛栏组、五峰—龙马溪组和宝塔组获得"四层楼"式油气显示。其中,石牛栏组获得日产超过10×104m3高产工业气流,开辟了南方油气勘查的新区、新层系和新类型。安页1井的突破,证实了黔北—渝东南盆外复杂构造区具有常规、非常规油气同生共存的成藏条件,对邻区广泛发育的残留向斜油气勘探具有重要的指导意义。  相似文献   

邻域扩展法辅助的陆地争议区划界     

冯长强  华一新  张晓楠  曹一冰  武丽丽  崔虎平 《地球信息科学学报》2017,19(10):1306-1314

已有计算机辅助划界方法难以充分维护单方资源利益且效率不够理想,本文基于利益密度及区域完整性视角提出一种邻域扩展法辅助的陆地争议区划界方法。首先,利用六角格构建争议区环境模型,计算并处理六角格的利益密度;其次,以利益密度及区域完整性为导向,利用邻域扩展法对争议区进行初始划分;再次,通过扩展单源六角格最优路径算法求解通往飞地的最佳路径,并基于一定原则对飞地归属进行再次划分;最后,辅以邻域扩展法对争议区进行精确分割。采用模拟数据、不同格网尺寸及不同面积比例进行实验,结果表明本文方法具有如下特点：① 能够对双方既定的必争区域及不可穿越区域进行正确划分;② 能够依双方约定面积比例对争议区进行快速精确分割;③ 能够充分维护单方资源利益优势,验证了本文方法的有效性及可靠性。  相似文献   

井水位前驱波普遍性问题的探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

张淑亮  吕芳  李斌 《中国地震》2011,27(4):348-362

以山西、河北、内蒙等地5口映震能力较强的地下水位观测井为研究对象,对井水位前驱波普遍性问题进行了探讨.结果表明,强震井水位前驱波现象较为普遍,其比例可达65.1％(41/63);相同地震不同观测井前驱波特征各不相同,同一观测井在不同地震前的特征也各异,这可能与不同观测井具有不同的井-含水层结构以及不同地震前有着不同的震源参数有关;与单井水震波相比,震前有前驱波记录的次数略低于水震波,其比例在39.7％～50.7％之间;震前有前驱波记录的观测井占研究区观测井总数的比例可达66.7％.  相似文献   

Analytical solution for distributed torsional low strain integrity test for pipe pile     

Yunpeng Zhang  Guosheng Jiang  Wenbing Wu  M. Hesham El Naggar  Hao Liu  Minjie Wen  Kuihua Wang 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2022,46(1):47-67

Low strain integrity tests (LSITs) are the most popular non-destructive methods for pile testing. However, traditional LSITs have encountered unprecedented challenges as the need for long pile and existing pile testing keeps multiplying. Compared to traditional longitudinal excitations, the torsional wave is less influenced by the velocity attenuation effect and can be subjected at the pile shaft for existing piles. Distributed torsional LSIT is proposed in this article with the presentation of the corresponding analytical solutions that exhibiting the velocity responses along the pile shaft. The solution is verified with previous simplified theoretical and rigorous finite element method (FEM) answers. At the end, the application of this method is exhibited through the identification of necking and concrete segregation defects on pipe piles, which shows the advantage of this method on long pile testing.  相似文献