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A statistical procedure for the analysis of seismotectonically induced hydrochemical signals: A case study from the Eastern Carpathians, Romania 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Changes in the stress field of an aquifer system induced by seismotectonic activity may change the mixing ratio of groundwaters with different compositions in a well, leading to hydrochemical signals which in principle could be related to discrete earthquake events. Due to the complexity of the interactions and the multitude of involved factors the identification of such relationships is a difficult task. In this study we present an empiric statistical approach suitable to analyse if there is an interdependency between changes in the chemical composition of monitoring wells and the regional seismotectonic activity of a considered area. To allow a rigorous comparison with hydrochemistry the regional earthquake time series was aggregated into an univariate time series. This was realized by expressing each earthquake in form of a parameter “e”, taking into consideration both energetic (magnitude of a seismic event) and spatial parameters (position of epi/hypocentrum relative to the monitoring site). The earthquake and the hydrochemical time-series were synchronised aggregating the e-parameters into “earthquake activity” functions E, which takes into account the time of sampling relative to the earthquakes which occurred in the considered area. For the definition of the aggregation functions a variety of different “e” parameters were considered. The set of earthquake functions E was grouped by means of factor analysis to select a limited number of significant and representative earthquake functions E to be used further on in the relation analysis with the multivariate hydrochemical data set. From the hydrochemical data a restricted number of hydrochemical factors were extracted. Factor scores allow to represent and analyse the variation of the hydrochemical factors as a function of time. Finally, regression analysis was used to detect those hydrochemical factors which significantly correlate with the aggregated earthquake functions.This methodological approach was tested with a hydrochemical data set collected from a deep well monitored for two years in the seismically active Vrancea region, Romania. Three of the hydrochemical factors were found to correlate significantly with the considered earthquake activities. A screening with different time combinations revealed that correlations are strongest when the cumulative seismicity over several weeks was considered. The case study also showed that the character of the interdependency depends sometimes on the geometrical distribution of the earthquake foci. By using aggregated earthquake information it was possible to detect interrelationships which couldn't have been identified by analysing only relations between single geochemical signals and single earthquake events. Further on, the approach allows to determine the influence of different seismotectonic patterns on the hydrochemical composition of the sampled well. The method is suitable to be used as a decision instrument in assessing if a monitoring site is suitable or not to be included in a monitoring net within a complex earthquake prediction strategy. 相似文献
997.
Fractal modelling has been applied extensively as a means of characterizing the spatial distribution of geological phenomena
that display self-similarity at differing scales of measurement. A fractal distribution exists where the number of objects
exhibiting values larger than a specified magnitude displays a power-law dependence on that magnitude, and where this relationship
is scale-invariant. This paper shows that a number of distributions, including power-function, Pareto, log-normal and Zipf,
display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathematical basis for developing fractal
models for data exhibiting such distributions. Population limits, derived from fractal modelling using a summation method,
are compared with those derived from more conventional probability plot modelling of stream sediment geochemical data from
north-eastern New South Wales. Despite some degree of subjectivity in determining the number of populations to use in the
models, both the fractal and probability plot modelling have assisted in isolating anomalous observations in the geochemical
data related to the occurrence of mineralisation or lithological differences between sub-catchments. Thresholds for the main
background populations determined by the fractal model are similar to those established using probability plot modelling,
however the summation method displays less capacity to separate out anomalous populations, especially where such populations
display extensive overlap. This suggests, in the geochemical data example provided, that subtle differences in the population
parameters may not significantly alter the fractal dimension. 相似文献
998.
The resistivity method is often used in cave prospecting. In this paper the pole–dipole array ability to detect cavities at different depths and with different water contents is investigated. The research was performed using analogical and numerical modelling. According to the results, empty caves at a depth less than four times its diameter can be easily detected. The ability of the pole–dipole array to detect water-filled caves reaches a minimum at filling percentages of 30–50%. Overburden effects research shows that low resistivity overburden reduces the resolution capability of the array. This study shows that equivalent results can be obtained by modelling the empty caves as infinite resistivity bodies or, alternatively, as very high resistivity ones. The analysis of field data acquired in the Maciço Calcário Estremenho (Portugal) shows the practical importance of the pole–dipole array in cavities prospecting. 相似文献
999.
在邻海地区富含高承压水的土层中施工预应力锚杆支护工程的难度很大.介绍了锚杆的构造、作用机理、施工工艺以及决定锚杆施工质量的关键技术.以深圳某商住楼基坑施工为例,探讨了在承压水土层中采用锚杆支护的方法,创造性地提出了"先堵水后注浆"的施工工艺,可供沿海、沿江地区的类似工程借鉴. 相似文献
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