Supercontinent evolution and the Proterozoic metallogeny of South America   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

Joo Batista Guimares  Aroldo  Maria 《Gondwana Research》2007,11(3):346-361

The cratonic blocks of South America have been accreted from 2.2 to 1.9 Ga, and all of these blocks have been previously involved in the assembly and breakup of the Paleoproterozoic Atlantica, the Mesoproterozoic to Neoproterozoic Rodinia, and the Neoproterozoic to Phanerozoic West Gondwana continents. Several mineralization phases have sequentially taken place during Atlantica evolution, involving Au, U, Cr, W, and Sn. During Rodinia assembly and breakup and Gondwana formation, the crust-dominated metallogenic processes have been overriding, responsible for several mineral deposits, including Au, Pd, Sn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Pb, U, P₂O₅, Ta, W, Li, Be and precious stones. During Rodinia breakup, epicontinental carbonate-siliciclastic basins were deposited, which host important non-ferrous base metal deposits of Cu–Co and Pb–Zn–Ag in Africa and South America. Isotope Pb–Pb analyses of sulfides from the non-ferrous deposits unambiguously indicate an upper crustal source for the metals. A genetic model for these deposits involves extensional faults driving the circulation of hydrothermal mineralizing fluids from the Archean/Paleoproterozoic basement to the Neoproterozoic sedimentary cover. These relations demonstrate the individuality of metal associations of every sediment-hosted Neoproterozoic base-metal deposit of West Gondwana has been highly influenced by the mineralogical and chemical composition of the underlying igneous and metaigneous rocks.  相似文献   

Arsenic-contaminated groundwater from parts of Damodar fan-delta and west of Bhagirathi River,West Bengal,India: influence of fluvial geomorphology and Quaternary morphostratigraphy     

Subhrangsu K. Acharyya  Babar A. Shah 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(3):489-501

Arsenic contamination in groundwater affecting West Bengal (India) and Bangladesh is a serious environmental problem. Contamination is extensive in the low-lying areas of Bhagirathi–Ganga delta, located mainly to the east of the Bhagirathi River. A few isolated As-contaminated areas occur west of the Bhagirathi River and over the lower parts of the Damodar river fan-delta. The Damodar being a Peninsular Indian river, the arsenic problem is not restricted to Himalayan rivers alone. Arsenic contamination in the Bengal Delta is confined to the Holocene Younger Delta Plain and the alluvium that was deposited around 10,000–7,000 years bp, under combined influence of the Holocene sea-level rise and rapid erosion in the Himalaya. Further, contaminated areas are often located close to distribution of abandoned or existing channels, swamps, which are areas of surface water and biomass accumulation. Extensive extraction of groundwater mainly from shallow aquifers cause recharge from nearby surface water bodies. Infiltration of recharge water enriched in dissolved organic matter derived either from recently accumulated biomass and/or from sediment organic matter enhanced reductive dissolution of hydrated iron oxide that are present mainly as sediment grain coatings in the aquifers enhancing release of sorbed arsenic to groundwater.  相似文献   

北京西山南窖地区南东东110°～120°拉伸线理形成时间的年代学制约   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王瑜  李锦轶 《岩石学报》2007,23(3)

本文简要报导位于北京西山房山岩体以西约15km左右的南窖闪长岩脉形成的锆石U-Pb年龄,以及区内变形岩层中同变形的白云母和绢云母矿物的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar年龄。在野外构造研究、室内岩石及显微构造分析基础上,获得细粒闪长岩岩脉锆石U-Pb年龄为136±1Ma,并且该岩脉受到后期构造片理化的改造。区内变形岩层中所发育的南东东110°～120°矿物拉伸线理及相关的"褶叠层"中同变形的白云母、绢云母的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar坪年龄为133±1～127±1Ma。显然这些变形并非形成于三叠纪或"印支期",而是形成于大规模的向北西方向强烈的挤压变形之后,与相邻区域的岩浆热作用同期或稍晚。这些构造-热年代学证据对于区内构造格局的形成与演化是一个重要的约束。  相似文献   

粤西河流阶地的分布与特征     

刘尚仁 《热带地理》2007,27(1):6-10

依据广东西部超过18条河流、39处河流阶地、至少35个14C、热释光的冲积层测龄数据等情况,可知粤西最多有4级河流阶地(不包括湛江组和北海组阶地);多数河流最高阶地靠近现代主河床分布,深切曲流中有河流阶地,反映近数十万年来河床改道不大;西江在封开有广东高度最高(76 m)的河流阶地,而广东高度最高的地下河阶地是111 m,大致显示出地面与地下剥蚀强度的差异;通常山区河流长度越大,河漫滩和河流阶地的高度越大,河流阶地的级数和级别也常增加;在河流上游的下段和中游的上段,河流阶地的高度最大且级数也最多;在晚更新世之前与后,河谷中下游地区的新构造运动趋势由上升变为稳定或沉降;连滩盆地是广东全新世构造沉降最典型的山间盆地。  相似文献   

柴达木盆地西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区卤水水化学特征   总被引：1，自引：4，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张西营  马海州  高东林  张明刚  王涛 《盐湖研究》2007,15(2):12-20

西台吉乃尔盐湖位于柴达木盆地中部,矿区卤水中富含锂、钾、硼、镁等多种元素,极具开发价值。自2003年开始,矿区已开始进行大规模采卤,利用前人1959年和2001年两次勘查资料,从水化学角度分析和探讨了西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区未大规模采卤前卤水中各元素的分布规律和变化特征。研究表明,矿区西北部主要为氯化物型卤水,其余大部分地区基本为硫酸镁亚型卤水,我们推测地下卤水水化学类型的差异很可能与不同区域原始卤水的组成及补给水等因素有关。有益组分中,高含量的Li+、K+主要分布在矿区的西北部;B2O3的高含量区主要在矿区的中东部广大地区。赋存于孔隙卤水中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Li+、Cl-等元素的平均含量要高于晶间卤水;B2O3、Na+、SO42-等则低于晶间卤水;卤水矿化度、pH值和密度则相差不多。孔隙卤水在Na+、K+、Mg2+/Cl--H2O四元体系介稳相图中的投影点接近光卤石相区;湖表卤水和晶间卤水在Na+、K+、Mg2+/Cl-,SO42--H2O五元体系介稳相图中位于泻利盐、软钾镁矾和钾石盐的共结点附近,且分布比较集中;湖表卤水在演化阶段上存在较大差别;晶间潜卤水已普遍进入钾石盐析出阶段。研究还表明,西台吉乃尔湖湖水的水化学变化明显受季节变化的影响,而湖表卤水与地下卤水存在着一定程度的水力联系,这种联系的强弱和变化特征尚待进一步研究。  相似文献   

辽西中生代陆内底侵作用背景下形成的安山岩   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5  

邵济安路凤香  李伍平 《岩石学报》2007,23(4):701-708

本文选择了辽西地区中生代230Ma、190Ma、159Ma、123Ma、116Ma等不同时期的安山岩及其所含的辉石,通过岩石学、岩相学、地球化学和同位素的研究,发现它们同时具有壳源和幔源的特征,而且大多数单斜辉石记录了两种或多种熔体的相互作用。据此作者认为安山岩是壳幔岩浆混熔成因的,而如此长期的热演化与大陆内部伸展背景下的底侵作用有关。  相似文献   

Regional difference of annual precipitation and discharge variation over west China during the last 50 years     

Ding YongJian  Ye BaiSheng  Han TianDing  Shen YongPing  Liu ShiYin 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(6):936-945

Using annual precipitation and discharge data measured in the past five decades,this paper analyzed the regional differences over west China in terms of climate and discharge variations,and investigated the relationship between the regional characteristics and the activities of South and East Asian sum-mer monsoon. Results revealed that the precipitation and discharge in the upper reaches of the Yellow River (Central West China) have a negative correlation with those in Xinjiang (northwest China) and the Yarlung Zangbo River (the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra Rive,southwest China) regions. The geographical patterns of precipitation and discharge variations are different over west China,i.e. the regional climate displays the alteration of dry-wet-dry or wet-dry-wet from north to south in west China. The negative correlation of annual discharges between Xinjiang and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found statistically significant in the decadal scale,and that between the Yarlung Zangbo River and the upper reaches of the Yellow River is found active in the interannual scale. The regional char-acteristics indicate that the discharge/precipitation variations in the upper reaches of the Yellow River are dominated by the East Asian summer monsoon while their variations in Xinjiang are affected by both the west wind and East Asian summer monsoon.  相似文献   

Retrieval of source parameters of an event of the 2000 West Bohemia earthquake swarm assuming an anisotropic crust     

D. Rössler  F. Krüger  I. Pšenčík  G. Rümpker 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2007,51(2):231-254

We propose an inversion scheme for retrieval of characteristics of seismic point sources, which in contrast to common practice, takes into account anisotropy. If anisotropy is neglected during inversion, the moment tensors retrieved from seismic waves generated by sources situated in anisotropic media may be biased. Instead of the moment tensor, the geometry of the source is retrieved directly in our inversion; if necessary, the moment tensor can be then determined from the source geometry aposteriori. The source geometry is defined by the orientation of the slip vector and the fault normal as well as the strength of the event given by the size of the slip and the area of the fault. This approach allows direct interpretation of the source geometry in terms of shear and tensile faulting. It also makes possible to identify volumetric source changes that occur during rupturing. We apply the described algorithm to one event of the 2000 West Bohemia earthquake swarm episode. For inversion we use information of the direct P waves. The structure is approximated by three different models determined from travel-time observations. The models are inhomogeneous isotropic, inhomogeneous anisotropic, and homogeneous anisotropic. For these models we obtain seismic moments M_T = 3.2 − 3.8 × 10¹⁴ Nm and left-lateral near-vertical oblique normal faulting on a N-S trending rupture surface. The orientation of the rupture surface is consistent with fault-plane solutions of earlier studies and with the spatial distribution of other events during this swarm. The studied event seems to be accompanied by a small amount of crack opening. The amount of crack opening is slightly reduced when the inhomogeneous anisotropic model is assumed, but it persists. These results and additional independent observations seem to indicate that tensile faulting occurs as a result of high fluid pressure.  相似文献   

Geology,Pb Isotope Geochemistry and Ore Genesis of the Liziyuan Gold Deposit,West Qinling Orogen,Central China     

DING Lele  ZHU Laimin  YUAN Honglin  LU Rukui  XIONG Xiao  YANG Tao 《《地质学报》英文版》2018,92(3):1082-1099

The Liziyuan gold deposit, situated on the south side of the Shangdan suture zone, West Qinling Orogen, occurs in metamorphic volcanic rocks(greenschist facies) of the early Paleozoic Liziyuan Group and in Indosinian Tianzishan monzogranite. Orebodies in the Liziyuan gold field are controlled by the ductile-brittle shear zone, and by thrusting nappe faults related to the Indosinian orogeny. In detail, this paper analyzed the geological characteristics of the Liziyuan gold field, and the Pb isotopes of the Lziyuan host rocks, granitoids(Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry), sulfides, and auriferous quartz veins by multiple-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(MC-ICPMS). In addition, previous data on the sulfur, hydrogen, and oxygen isotopes were employed to discuss the possible sources of the ore-forming fluids and materials, and to further understand the tectonic setting of the Liziyuan gold deposit. The sulfides and their host rocks(Lziyuan Group), Tianzishan monzogranite and Jiancaowan syenite porphyry, and auriferous quartz veins have similar Pb isotopic compositions.Zartman's plumbotectonic model diagram shows that most of the data for the deposit fall near the orogenic Pb evolutionary curve or within the area between the orogenic and mantle Pb evolutionary curves. In the△β-△γ diagram, which genetically classifies the lead isotopes, most of the data fall within the range of the subduction-zone lead mixed with upper crust and mantle. This indicates that a complex source of the ore lead formed in the orogenic environment. The δ~(34)S values of the sulfides range from 3.90 to 8.50‰(average6.80‰), with a pronounced mode at 5.00‰-8.00‰. These values are consistent with that of orogenic gold deposits worldwide, indicating that the sulfur sourced mainly from reduced metamorphic fluids. The isotopic hydrogen and oxygen compositions support a predominantly metamorphic origin of the oreforming fluids, with possible mixing of minor magmatic fluids, but the late stage was dominated by meteoric water. The characteristics of the Liziyuan gold deposit formed in the Indosinian orogenic environment of the Qinling Orogen are consistent with those of orogenic gold deposits found worldwide.  相似文献   

新疆西准噶尔提依尔金矿黄铁矿热电性与微量元素特征及其地质意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

余文林  葛文胜  廖华  胡卫星  卢树东  刘旭  李磊  王全乐 《现代地质》2018,32(1):66

黄铁矿是提依尔金矿主要的载金矿物,其标型特征的研究对深部找矿具有重要的指示意义。从矿物学和矿物地球化学角度系统研究黄铁矿热电性和微量元素组合特征,结果表明,黄铁矿导电类型以P-N混合型为主,P型黄铁矿出现率从浅部到深部有逐渐升高的趋势,结合各钻孔金品位垂向变化,可知P型黄铁矿出现率与金品位高值区呈正相关关系,且与矿体侧伏方向一致,预示矿体向深部有一定的延伸;成矿温度主要集中在100～330 ℃之间,属于中低温热液矿床;黄铁矿微量元素(As+Sb+Se+Te、Cu+Pb+Zn和Ti+Ni+Co+Cr)纵投影等值线图显示,250 m标高以下,0、1号勘探线之间往NW方向找矿潜力良好。获得的黄铁矿标型特征对于提依尔金矿床深部找矿具有重要指导意义。  相似文献