金华山软岩铁路隧道施工过程围岩屈服接近度分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

周太全  华渊  吕宝华 《工程地质学报》2008,16(4):546-550

隧道施工过程中围岩处于复杂应力状态下,隧道围岩屈服区演化特征的确定对于围岩稳定性分析和开挖支护方案优化具有重要的意义。采用屈服接近度指标衡量围岩破坏接近程度可以合理地描述复杂应力状态下围岩的应力危险性,对Mohr-Coulomb类岩体材料的屈服接近度函数进行了相应的推导,并在非线性有限元用户子程序上编程予以实现。介绍了赣州-龙岩铁路DKl33+095～DKl38+237段软弱围岩单线隧道正台阶步施工方案以及湿喷纤维混凝土支护方案。为了对该隧道施工过程中隧道围岩屈服区的演化特征进行合理评价,采用非线性有限元法对软弱围岩条件下的铁路隧道施工过程进行了数值模拟,分析了施工过程中隧道围岩屈服接近度分布特征,判定了隧道台阶步施工过程中隧道围岩的稳定性。分析结果表明:该隧道施工过程中围岩破坏区主要发生在下台阶步施工过程中;屈服接近度指标比传统的塑性区分布提供的信息更加丰富,有利于工程技术人员定量地评价隧道开挖支护方案。  相似文献   

Bankfull width and morphological units in an alpine stream of the dolomites (Northern Italy)   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

A. Vianello  V. D'Agostino   《Geomorphology》2007,83(3-4):266

This research examines variations in bankfull cross-sections along a steep stream of the Dolomites (Cordevole stream, Belluno, Northern Italy). Field measurements were conducted to determine variations in the channel top-width at bankfull stage in relation to the drainage area and to the length of the flow path. After grouping the bed morphologies according to the Montgomery and Buffington [Montgomery, D.R., Buffington, J.M., 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geol. Soc. of Am. Bull. 109 (5) 596–611.] classification, we analyzed the increase in bankfull width for the dominant stream units (cascades, step pools, isolated pools and colluvial reaches at the head of the basin). We observed that the morphologies more related to the drainage area are colluvial reaches and pools; the less adaptable are steps and cascades. These differences likely result from the absence of lateral constriction in the colluvial reaches and pools, whereas the presence of coarser sediments in the bed can affect the transverse adjustments in steps and reaches dominated by cascades. Linkages between cross-section geometry and parameters related to flow (i.e. drainage area and stream power) have been analyzed together with the distribution of surface grain sizes and its coarsening pattern. The existence of distinctive bankfull widths between different morphological units points out the degree of susceptibility to be modeled according to the channel slope, reference diameter (D₉₀), and contributing area.  相似文献   

三维波动方程基准面校正方法的应用研究   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

杨锴  程玖兵  刘玉柱  郑鸿明  薛为平  宋阳 《地球物理学报》2007,50(4):1232-1240

波动方程基准面校正处理被认为是当地表高程变化剧烈、地表一致性假设又不成立的情况下对于常规高程基准面校正的必要替代. 在二维波动方程基准面校正方面，前人已经作了大量工作，并且在实际应用中获得了良好的效果，应该将其进一步推广到三维. 本文采用三维频率空间域有限差分波场延拓算子以“逐步－累加”的方式实现了三维波动方程基准面校正，并对实际数据进行了处理. 对于西部某三维数据的实际计算结果表明，相对于传统的模型法高程静校正，波动方程基准面校正更合理地实现了基准面校正，有助于提高后续的速度分析精度和成像质量.  相似文献   

Preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient method for frequency domain full‐waveform seismic inversion     

W. Hu  A. Abubakar  T. M. Habashy  J. Liu 《Geophysical Prospecting》2011,59(3):477-491

We present preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithms as alternatives to the Gauss‐Newton method for frequency domain full‐waveform seismic inversion. We designed two preconditioning operators. For the first preconditioner, we introduce the inverse of an approximate sparse Hessian matrix. The approximate Hessian matrix, which is highly sparse, is constructed by judiciously truncating the Gauss‐Newton Hessian matrix based on examining the auto‐correlation and cross‐correlation of the Jacobian matrix. As the second preconditioner, we employ the approximation of the inverse of the Gauss‐Newton Hessian matrix. This preconditioner is constructed by terminating the iteration process of the conjugate gradient least‐squares method, which is used for inverting the Hessian matrix before it converges. In our preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithms, the step‐length along the search direction, which is a crucial factor for the convergence, is carefully chosen to maximize the reduction of the cost function after each iteration. The numerical simulation results show that by including a very limited number of non‐zero elements in the approximate Hessian, the first preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithm is able to yield comparable inversion results to the Gauss‐Newton method while maintaining the efficiency of the un‐preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient method. The only extra cost is the computation of the inverse of the approximate sparse Hessian matrix, which is less expensive than the computation of a forward simulation of one source at one frequency of operation. The second preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithm also significantly saves the computational expense in comparison with the Gauss‐Newton method while maintaining the Gauss‐Newton reconstruction quality. However, this second preconditioned non‐linear conjugate gradient algorithm is more expensive than the first one.  相似文献   

基于改进两步移动搜索法的县域医疗卫生服务空间可达性研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

柳泽  杨宏宇  熊维康  陈光辉 《地理科学》2017,37(5):728-737

针对县域医疗卫生服务设施的空间布局问题,应用改进两步移动搜索法对德清县医疗卫生服务的空间可达性进行评价。具体改进包括：引入核密度型距离衰减函数对两步移动搜索法进行扩展、考虑医疗设施资源的未充分利用、对不同规模等级医疗机构设置不同服务阈值。计算结果表明：① 浙江省德清县域医疗卫生服务空间可达性呈圈层式空间分布特征,高可达性区域主要集中于县城及邻接区域,边缘地区缺医明显;② 基于改进两步移动搜索法和传统两步移动搜索法的可达性计算结果具有不同的整体特征,但前者可达性计算结果及空间分布更符合实际。  相似文献   

GNSS连续站阶跃修复及其对数据处理的影响     

冯胜涛  郑智江 《全球定位系统》2013,(5):53-55,82

近年来,由于仪器更换和强震影响,一些长期稳定的GNSS连续站出现了阶跃,严重地影响了参考框架的稳定性和解算精度,理论上这些测站不能再选为参考框架点。针对GNSS连续站阶跃修复及其对数据处理的影响进行了分析,结果表明：1）如果选用未修复阶跃的测站为框架点,将会扭曲解算结果;2）QOCA能够较为便捷地修复测站阶跃;3）修复测站阶跃能够保证参考框架点的稳定性,并能一定程度提高解算精度。  相似文献   

Advances in separating effects of climate variability and human activity on stream discharge: An overview     

《Advances in water resources》2014

Separating effects of climate change (ΔQ^c) and human activity (ΔQ^h) on stream discharge at the watershed scale is needed for developing adaptive measures to climate change. However, information is scarce in existing literature regarding whether such separating is feasible and whether reliable results can be produced. The objectives of this overview were to: (1) compare currently-used methods; (2) assess assumptions and issues of the methods; and (3) present a generic framework that overcomes possible issues. Based on the overview of fifteen recent representative studies, two methods can be used to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h, while another method can be used to distinguish relative magnitudes of ΔQ^c versus ΔQ^h only. Because the methods’ fundamental assumptions about baseline versus altered period, water storage change and deep groundwater loss, precipitation-runoff relationship, hysteresis influence of human activity, and record of time series can seldom be satisfied for many watersheds, it is more realistic and practical to distinguish relative effects than to estimate absolute magnitudes of ΔQ^c and ΔQ^h. Moreover, a generic framework was presented for gauged watersheds with negligible groundwater loss, aiming to avoid misuse of the methods in practice.  相似文献   

中国夏季雨带类型的影响因子分布及预报研究          下载免费PDF全文

严华生  陈兴芳  周传喜  曹杰  谢应齐 《应用气象学报》1998,(Z1)

应用方差分析的方法,利用１９５１～１９９５年前期（１～４月）北半球５００ｈＰａ、１０００ｈＰａ高度场,１０００～５００ｈＰａ厚度场,及太平洋海温场的资料,研究了对中国夏季（６～８月）雨带类型变化影响较大的大气环流场、厚度场和海温场的区域分布,并在此基础上利用逐步判别的方法建立了中国夏季雨带类型的判别方程,探讨了入选因子的物理意义．  相似文献   

编码电磁测深   总被引：8，自引：5，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

罗维斌  李庆春  汤井田 《地球物理学报》2012,55(1):341-349

利用逆重复M序列伪随机信号良好的自相关特性,提出相关检测地电传输特性的编码电磁勘探法.分析了编码电磁测深原理及参数提取方法.同时记录发送电流信号和多收发距电磁场响应,对源信号和场信号进行相关运算,解卷积分离接收系统响应后可得到大地的频率特性或时间特性,以此实现地电断面的精细探测.在时间域,大地冲激响应和阶跃响应含有丰富的地电信息.通过冲激响应的峰值时间或阶跃响应的晚期渐近值可估计地电阻率分布.基于层状模型的大地冲激响应和阶跃响应正演计算结果表明,编码电磁测深法对大埋深薄层目标体有精细的分辨能力.可应用于能源、矿产资源、水资源、环境地质及工程地质勘察,有良好的应用前景.  相似文献   

多维时间序列门限回归模型及其应用   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

曹杰  陶云 《气象科学》2002,22(2):205-209

在总结前人工作基础上，提出了一种关于多维时间序列门限回归模型的通用建模新方案，并从理论上证明了此新表达式与经典门限回归模型的一致性。将此模型应用于云南五月雨量的预报中，其平均历史拟合和外推预报准确率分别为71％和68％。表现此通用建模方案可行的；同时说明此类模型具有一定的使用价值。  相似文献