Water relations and hydraulic architecture of two Patagonian steppe shrubs: Effect of slope orientation and microclimate     

Patricia A. Iogna  Sandra J. Bucci  Fabián G. Scholz  Guillermo Goldstein 《Journal of Arid Environments》2011,75(9):763-772

On a local scale, topography influences microclimate, vegetation structure and the morpho-physiological attributes of plants. We studied the effects of microclimatic differences between NE- and SW-facing slopes on the water relations and hydraulic properties of two dominant shrubs of the Patagonian steppe in Argentina (Retanilla patagonica and Colliguaja integerrima). The NE-facing slope had higher irradiance and air saturation deficits and lower soil water availability and wind speed than the SW-facing slope. Predawn and midday Ψ_L and osmotic potentials were significantly lower in shrubs on the NE-facing slope. Osmotic adjustment and more elastic cell walls helped the plants to cope with a more xeric environment on NE-facing slope. Higher water deficits on NE-facing slope were partially compensated by a higher leaf and stem water storage. While stem hydraulic efficiency did not vary between slopes, leaf hydraulic conductance was between 40% and 300% higher on the NE-facing slope. Changes observed in leaf size and in SLA were consistent with responses to mechanical forces of wind (smaller and scleromorphic leaves on SW-facing slope). Morpho-physiological adjustments observed at a short spatial scale allow maintenance of midday Ψ_L above the turgor loss point and demonstrate that leaves are more responsive to microclimatic selective pressures than stems.  相似文献   

劈裂生长的形态发生及内部解剖结构特征的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

侯艳伟  王迎春  杨持  征荣 《中国沙漠》2006,26(2):254-258

对绵刺劈裂生长的形态发生及内部解剖结构特征进行了观察,研究结果如下：①绵刺的劈裂生长有两种类型,一种是首先茎从基部到根部发生多次劈裂,以后地上的茎部再相应发生分裂而形成几个独立的植株;另一种是茎基部以上的部位先发生纵裂,而根部后发生分离;②劈裂生长首先在茎基部发生,当绵刺植株生长到5 a以上的时候,这个部位的形成层活动不均匀,出现不规则的木质部排列,形成花环状结构,在相邻的两环状部位进行劈裂;③由于受劈裂生长的影响,劈裂发生后的植株的根部年轮分布不规则,发生劈裂部位的形成层活动不均匀,形成的次生木质部中导管数量少,口径也小,木纤维数量增多,细胞排列紧密而形成缢缩。  相似文献   

Comparative foliar anatomy of three Khaya species(Meliaceae) used in Nigeria as antisickling agent     

Ololade A.Oyedapo  Joseph M.Agbedahunsi  H.C Illoh  Akinwumi J.Akinloye 《寒旱区科学》2018,10(4):279-285

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方斑东风螺性畸变现象的解剖学和组织学研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于秀娟  朱四喜  沈金辉  陈旭明  黄长江 《台湾海峡》2004,23(4):444-448,i003

以解剖学和组织学方法研究了方斑东风螺未成熟和成熟的正常雌、雄个体以及性畸变个体的生殖系统结构.性畸变个体除具有正常的雌性器官外,还有输精管或阴茎.在正常雄性输精管的个体发育过程中再现了系统发育的过程,而且在性畸变个体输精管的形成过程和发育过程中组织学结构特征的变化与正常雄性输精管的个体发育过程的相似.性畸变雌体的性腺发育受阻.目前,性畸变现象仅存在于成熟个体,但这并不表明未成熟个体中不会发生性畸变现象.具有较高食用价值的方斑东风螺因有机锡污染可能会对人类健康不利,应引起人们的关注.  相似文献   

海马(HIPPOCAMPUS)消化道的解剖学与组织学研究     

蔡仲希 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1987,(4)

本文研究了大海马Hippocampus kuda Bleeker,日本海马H·japonicus kauP和三斑海马H.trimacutatue Leach消化道的形态学。三种鱼类消化道的解剖学特点基本相同。消化道均可区分出头肠、前肠、中肠和后肠。中肠最长。口孔小,口腔呈管状,口鳃腔内无齿,无鳃耙,无舌,鳃孔小。不具胃,也无幽门垂,中肠前部稍为扩大形成假胃。 组织学方面共同特点为:粘膜上皮主要由柱状细胞和球形分泌细胞组成。上皮内无多细胞消化腺,未发现味蕾。大海马与日本海马在食道纵褶的形状,球形分泌细胞的分布区,假胃肌层的排列及上皮细胞的形状等方面有种的差别。  相似文献   

顺逆铣加工刷柄曲面的若干特性分析     

李巨光  王继尚 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1995,(Z1)

刷柄侧曲面是典型的曲线形外型表面，其加工方式有顺铣和逆铣两种方法．本文分析了两种铣削方法分别对铣削过程中的切削力，工件表面不平度等几个重要参数的影响，提出了木制品曲面加工中顺铣较逆铣具有消耗动力小，刀具耐用度高，工件不易破裂，加工表面平整等几个突出优点．  相似文献   

Physically‐based modelling of double‐peak discharge responses at Slapton Wood catchment     

Stephen J Birkinshaw 《水文研究》2008,22(10):1419-1430

Heavy winter rainfall produces double‐peak hydrographs at the Slapton Wood catchment, Devon, UK. The first peak is saturation‐excess overland flow in the hillslope hollows and the second (i.e. the delayed peak) is subsurface stormflow. The physically‐based spatially‐distributed model SHETRAN is used to try to improve the understanding of the processes that cause the double peaks. A three‐stage (multi‐scale) approach to calibration is used: (1) water balance validation for vertical one‐dimensional flow at arable, grassland and woodland plots; (2) two‐dimensional flow for cross‐sections cutting across the stream valley; and (3) three‐dimensional flow in the full catchment. The main data are for rainfall, stream discharge, evaporation, soil water potential and phreatic surface level. At each scale there was successful comparison with measured responses, using as far as possible parameter values from measurements. There was some calibration but all calibrated values at one scale were used at a larger scale. A large proportion of the subsurface runoff enters the stream from three dry valleys (hillslope hollows), and previous studies have suggested convergence of the water in the three large hollows as being the major mechanism for the production of the delayed peaks. The SHETRAN modelling suggests that the hillslopes that drain directly into the stream are also involved in producing the delayed discharges. The model shows how in the summer most of the catchment is hydraulically disconnected from the stream. In the autumn the catchment eventually ‘wets up’ and shallow subsurface flows are produced, with water deflected laterally along the soil‐bedrock interface producing the delayed peak in the stream hydrograph. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Vegetation development in the Middle Euphrates and Upper Jazirah (Syria/Turkey) during the Bronze Age     

Katleen Deckers  Hugues Pessin 《Quaternary Research》2010,74(2):216-226

Vegetation changes are reconstructed based on more than 51,000 charcoal fragments of more than 380 samples from nine Bronze Age sites in northern Syria and southern Turkey. In addition to fragment proportions, special attention was paid to the frequency of Pistacia relative to Quercus and Populus/Salix relative to Tamarix, fruit-tree ubiquity, and riverine diversity in order to gain an improved understanding of the human versus climatic impact on the vegetation. The results indicate that human impacts first took place within the riverine forest. This phase was followed by land clearing within the woodland steppe, especially in the northern portion of the study area. In the south near Emar, the woodland steppe probably disappeared by the Late Bronze Age. It is uncertain whether this was caused by aridification and/or human clearing. The northward shift of the Pistacia-woodland steppe is very likely a result of climatic drying that occurred throughout the entire period under investigation. Although increased deforestation is evident through time, the small proportions of imported wood indicate that local resources were still available.  相似文献   

Mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) germination and survival in black-grama (Bouteloua eriopoda) grassland: relations between microsite and heteromyid rodent (Dipodomys spp.) impact     

B.D. Duval  E. Jackson  W.G. Whitford   《Journal of Arid Environments》2005,62(4):541-554

Prosopis pallida H.B.K. is one of the most economically and ecologically important tree species in the arid and semi-arid lands of the American continent. Sections of P. pallida were used to describe its wood anatomy and to determine whether annual rings were visible or not. Results showed that P. pallida has well-differentiated annual growth rings and is therefore suitable for dendrochronological studies. Tree ring chronologies correlate well with precipitation events related to El Niño Southern Oscillation phases. A master chronology for the northern area of Peru was built with these data, and some physiological derivations from the anatomy of P. pallida wood are discussed.  相似文献   

Field meeting: Coastal Suffolk Crag weekend, 23-25 April 2004     

R.G. Dixon 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2005,116(2):149-160

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