Architecture of a distal pre-vegetation braidplain: Cambrian middle member of the Wood Canyon Formation,southern Marble Mountains,California, USA     

Jason G. Muhlbauer  Christopher M. Fedo  Jeffrey E. Moersch 《Sedimentology》2020,67(2):1084-1113

Architectural element analysis and detailed mapping of a 300 m along-strike exposure of the middle member Wood Canyon Formation, southern Marble Mountains, California, USA, provides new evidence for extensive braided–fluvial channel-belt deposits with adjacent overbank environments. Three-dimensional models constructed using ‘Structure from Motion’ techniques, combined with field-based observations, allowed interpretation of outcrop-scale trends, barforms, channel fills and fine-scale features. The ca 80 m thick member is divisible into five distinct units, including units M1 to M3 that form the bulk of the stratigraphy. Units are defined by stacking patterns of three facies associations (Facies Association 1 to Facies Association 3), each representing the product of a subenvironment within the fluvial system. In Facies Association 1, stacked cosets, interpreted as low-relief fluvial bars and channel fills, preserve vertical-accretion and downstream-accretion elements under unimodal north-north-west palaeoflow, with minor lateral accretion near bar edges. Deposits of Facies Association 2 to Facies Association 3, linked to overbank environments, are found only in unit M2, in the middle 27 m of the middle member. Floodplains, represented by Facies Association 2, include crumbly red-orange intervals of fine to medium-grained sandstone and thinner sets of cross-bedding than Facies Association 1, interbedded with thicker cross-stratification indicative of overbank splay or overland flow aggradation from adjacent channel belts during flood stage. Possible aeolian beds of Facies Association 3 preserve broad festooned trough cross-strata that average 23 cm in thickness; their small size, medium-grained sandstone and iron oxide cement suggest a high water table. The diverse assemblage of interpreted subenvironments, paired with bedform and facies patterns, implies a perennial fluvial system that gradually built large sand bars as the channel belt migrated and avulsed across an unconfined braided–fluvial reach, leaving the overbank area on its flanks subject to weathering and aeolian transport. Despite the occurrence of strata deposited in low-energy and ponded settings, and a marine influence proposed for nearby sections of middle member, no ichnofossils were encountered.  相似文献   

海莲和木揽次生水质部的生态解剖     

林益明  林建辉  林鹏 《海洋湖沼通报》1998,(4)

对红树科Rhizophoraceae的海莲（Bruguierasexangula）和木榄（Bruguieragymnorrhiza）次生木质部的组织结构和数量特征进行了研究。海莲和木榄的导管分布频率分别为236．80±53．93个／10mm2、230．50±57．75个／10mm2;导管直径分别为75．0±23．5μm、77．6±14．5μm;海莲和木榄的射线分布频率分别为30．5±5．0条／5mm、32．5±5．5条／5mm;海莲和木榄同属于红树科木榄属的植物,它们次生木质部的组织结构较为一致,而且数量特征也差别不大。一般来说,木材结构比较具有保守性,所以同属的不同种之间,木材结构区别较小。  相似文献   

凿贝才女虫形态与结构观察     

高燕  张涛  杨红生  张晓芳 《海洋科学》2011,35(10):103-109

应用石蜡切片和电镜技术对凿贝女虫（Polydora ciliata）的形态结构进行了详细观察,以期为多毛类分类学积累更多资料。结果显示凿贝才女虫背刚毛、腹刚毛和疣足上的刚毛围绕身体形成一个刚毛环;第五刚节刚毛变形,形成爪状结构。体表有大量腺细胞。身体结构相对简单,主要由表皮、肌肉层、消化系统组成。肌肉层发达,每一体节具...  相似文献   

John Wood 2: Planning and Paying for His Town Plans     

《The Cartographic journal》2013,50(3):274-286

Abstract

John Wood, the 19th-century urban cartographer, surveyed almost 150 towns spread widely across Great Britain. His detailed large-scale plans are an astounding achievement. In light of this, two questions are posed: did he have a strategy that guided the places which he surveyed; and how did he pay for his work, given that so few copies of his plans appear to have been produced for sale – or at least to have survived.  相似文献   

U‐series dating of the Late Pleistocene mammalian fauna from Wood Quarry (Steetley), Nottinghamshire,UK     

A. W. G. Pike  S. Eggins  R. Grün  R. E. M. Hedges  R. M. Jacobi 《第四纪科学杂志》2005,20(1):59-65

We present the U‐series dating of bones from Wood Quarry (‘Steetley Quarry Cave’) using the diffusion–adsorption model to account for uranium uptake. The results give a weighted mean date of 66.8 ± 3.0 kyr, placing this assemblage within or just before Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 4. The fauna is thought to correlate with the Banwell Bone Cave mammal assemblage‐zone of the Early Devensian in Britain. Our results support the idea that this assemblage‐zone immediately precedes the assemblage represented nearby at Pin Hole in Creswell Crags which is contemporary with the Mid‐Devensian and correlates with MIS 3. Our dates, and dates for the Banwell Bone Cave mammal assemblage‐zone from Stump Cross Cavern and evidence from other sites may indicate a longevity for this fauna. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Holocene environment and subsistence patterns near the Tree Shelter, Red Sea Mountains, Egypt     

Elena Marinova  Veerle Linseele  Pierre Vermeersch 《Quaternary Research》2008,70(3):392-397

The Tree Shelter site dates to the Early to Mid-Holocene (8000 to 4900 ¹⁴C yr BP). Present conditions around the site are hyperarid, but charcoal remains indicate less severe aridity at the time of its occupation. The environment around the site then supported a rich wadi vegetation, which allowed hunting during the Epipaleolithic and herding during the Neolithic occupation. Although more favorable than today, the environmental conditions also displayed a desert character and seem to have limited the range of domestic herbivores introduced in the area.  相似文献   

中国硅化木的地质特征及其开发利用     

周世全  李进莲  郭荣华 《矿产与地质》2010,24(4):348-352

硅化木分布于我国新疆、浙江等20余省,规模、数量巨大,颜色绚丽。矿物成分以石英及其变种为主,含10多种微量元素和多种氨基酸,主要形成于侏罗纪、白垩纪。其成因是在有大量树木资源,适宜古气候及丰富的高浓度可溶性S iO2等环境中快速缺氧埋藏综合作用的结果。具有重要的科学、经济价值。  相似文献   

Channel and woody debris characteristics in adjacent burned and unburned watersheds a decade after wildfire, Park County, Wyoming     

Ronald B. Zelt  Ellen E. Wohl   《Geomorphology》2004,57(3-4):217-233

Large variability in responses of stream sediment and large woody debris (LWD) to severe fire has limited the accurate prediction of the magnitude and duration of fire effects on streams. Conditions in one Absaroka Range stream that was severely burned in 1988 were compared to those in an adjacent, undisturbed stream to improve understanding of fire effects on channel and LWD characteristics beyond the first few years. Ten reaches of each stream were sampled during summer 1999.Average bankfull channel width was greater in burned Jones Creek than in unburned Crow Creek. LWD frequency and overall frequency of LWD accumulations were greater in Crow Creek than Jones Creek. Debris-jam frequency was greater in Jones Creek after accounting for differences in the frequency of pieces with length greater than channel width. Larger piece size and better anchoring contributed to more frequent, small accumulations of LWD in Crow Creek. Differences between streams in LWD frequency are consistent with greater mobility of debris in burned Jones Creek. LWD-associated fine-sediment deposits were thicker but less frequent along Jones Creek than Crow Creek.  相似文献   

青海油砂山油田第68层分流河道砂体解剖学   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  

张昌民  裘亦楠 《沉积学报》1996,14(4):70-76

青海油砂山剖面第６８层三角洲分流河道砂体内部可识别出来Ｇｐｒ、Ｇｌｔ、Ｇｅ、Ｓｌｔ、Ｓｍｔ、Ｓｐｒ、Ｓｌａ、Ｓｂｍ、ＳＩｃｒ、ＳＩｈ和Ｍｒｉ等１２种岩石相，它们构成了６种岩石相组合，即:Ｇｅ－Ｇｐｒ－Ｇｌｔ组合，Ｇｌｔ－Ｓｌｔ组合，Ｓｌｔ－Ｓｍｔ组合，Ｇｌｔ－Ｓｂｍ组合，Ｓｓｔ－Ｍｒｌ组合，Ｇｐｒ（Ｓｐｒ）－Ｍｒｌ－Ｓｓｔ－Ｍｒｌ－ＳＩｃｒ－Ｍｒｌ组合。按照沉积界面之间的切割关系，建立一个包括７级界面的界面层次，第一级为砂体的上下边界，第七级为纹层边界，沉积界面将砂体分隔为三个沉积幕，它们由六个沉积亚幕组成。砂体建筑结构要素包括侧积体（ＬＡ），纵向砂坝（ＬＢ），横向砂坝（ＴＢ），简单砾质充填（ＧＦ），简单砂质充填（ＳＦ）和堤岸砂坪（ＬＦ）等六种类型，它们具有不同的宽度和厚度比。通过露头密网格采样和沉积学分析建立了砂体渗透率原型模型，均质模型，幕式模型以及建筑结构要素模型，其中建筑结构模型与原型模型相似性最好，证明了利用建筑结构分析可以建立符合砂体客观实际的储层地质模型。  相似文献   

蚌科20种蚌类肛门的比较解剖及其系统学意义     

舒凤月  吴小平 《海洋湖沼通报》2005,(2):29-33

对蚌科11属20种蚌类肛门进行了比较解剖研究。结果表明．蚌科肛门的结构特征具有重要的分类学价值．肛门类型、肛门相对后闭壳肌位置、肛门壁内表面是否具纵嵴、肠沟终止位置等特征因种类不同而有明显差异，可作为分类依据之一。  相似文献