Upper Cretaceous Magmatic Series and Associated Mineralisation in the Carpathian – Balkan Orogen     

Tudor BERZA  Emil CONSTANTINESCU  SLerban–Nicolae VLAD 《Resource Geology》1998,48(4):291-306

Abstract: The Alpine Orogen contains in South East Europe, from the Carpathians to the Balkans–Srednogorie, an Upper Cretaceous, ore bearing igneous belt: a narrow elongated body which runs discontinously from the Apuseni Mountains in the North, to the western part of the South Carpathians (Banat) in Romania, and further South to the Carpathians of East Serbia and still further East to Srednogorie (Bulgaria). This results in a belt of 750 km/30–70 km, bending from N-S in Romania and Serbia, to E-W in Bulgaria. Using the well established century-old terminology of this region, we describe it in this paper as the Banatitic Magmatic and Metallogenetic Belt (BMMB). Plate tectonics models of the Alpine evolution of South East Europe involve Mesozoic rifting, spreading and thinning of the continental crust or formation of oceanic crust in the Tethian trench system, followed by Cretaceous-Tertiary convergence of Africa with Europe and opening of Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea troughs. The result of successive stages in the collision process is not only the continental growth of Europe from N to S by the docking of several microplates formerly separated from it by Mesozoic palaeo–oceans, but also the rise of mountain belts by overthickening of the crust, followed by orogenic collapse, lateral extrusion, exhumation of metamorphic core complexes and post-collisional magmatism connected to strike-slip or normal faulting. The BMMB of the Carpathian-Balkan fold belt is rich in ore deposits related to plutons and/or volcano-plutonic complexes. Serbian authors have proposed an Upper Cretaceous Paleorift in Eastern Serbia for the Timok zone and some Bulgarian geologists have furnished geologic, petrological and metallogenetic support for this extensional model along the entire BMMB. The existence and importance of previous westwards directed subductions of Transilvanides (=South Apuseni = Mure? Zone) and Severin-Krajina palaeo–oceans, popular in Roman ian literature, seems to have little relevance to BMMB generation, but the well documented northwards directed subduction of the Vardar-Axios palaeo–ocean during Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous is a good pre-condition for the generation, during the Upper Cretaceous, of banatitic magmas in extensional regime, by mantle delamination due to slab break–off. Four magmatic trends are found: a tholeiitic trend, a calc-alkaline trend, a calc-alkaline high–K to shoshonitic trend and, restricted to East Srednogorie, a peralkaline trend. For acid intrusives, the typology is clearly I-type and magnetite–series, pointing to sources in the deep crust or the mantle; however, some high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios recorded in banatites prove important contamination from the upper crust. The calc-alkaline hydrated magmas, most common for banatitic plutons, can be considered as recording three stages of evolution: more primitive – the monzodioritic, dioritic to granodioritic trend (S Apuseni, S Ba–nat, Timok, C and W Srednogorie); more evolved – the granodioritic-granitic trend (N Apuseni, N Banat, Ridanj–Krepoljin); the alkaline trend (E and W Srednogorie, western part of N Banat). Correlating the composition of the host plutons with the types of mineralisation, several environments can be found in the BMMB, function of timing of fluid separation (porphyry versus non-porphyry environments), depth of emplacement, size of intrusion and geology of intruded rock pile, biotite versus hornblende crystallisation, involving the evolution of K/Na ratio in fluids, i. e. development of potassic and phyllic alteration zones: a) non-porphyry environment with granodioritic to granitic magmas, plutonic level, skarn mineralisation prevails; b) porphyry environment with monzodioritic or dioritic to granodioritic magmas, subvolcanic–hypabyssal–plutonic level; porphyry Cu with skarn halo at hypabyssal-subvolcanic level; c) porphyry environment with monzodioritic or dioritic to granodioritic magmas, volcano-plutonic complexes with porphyry copper plus massive sulfide mineralisation at subvolcanic-volcanic level; d) non-porphyry environment with magmas of alkaline tendency, volcanic level, vein (“mesothermal” and “epithermal”) mineralisation.  相似文献   

南秦岭宁陕地区花岗岩类Pb,Sr,Nd同位素组成及其深部地质信息   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11       下载免费PDF全文

张宏飞  欧阳建平  凌文黎 《岩石矿物学杂志》1997,16(1):22-32

本文报道了南秦岭印支期（—２００Ｍａ）宁陕岩体群中８个花岗岩类岩体的Ｐｂ、Ｓｒ、Ｎｄ同位素组成。宁陕岩体群花岗质岩石以低放射成因Ｐｂ同位素组成为特征，初始（８７Ｓｒ／８６Ｓｒ）ｔ比值变化于０．７０４９５—０．７０９０８之间，εＮｄ（ｔ）值变化于－２．４１—－８．５５之间，Ｎｄ同位素模式年龄（ＴＤＭ）变化于１．２０—１．７１Ｇａ之间，从该岩体群的东部到西部，呈现εＮｄ（ｔ）逐渐降低而ＴＤＭ逐渐增高的规律变化。宁陕岩体群的岩浆源区主要来自于南秦岭的深部地壳，在岩浆源区中，类似南秦岭耀岭河群的基性火山岩占有主要比例，南秦岭较古老的地壳物质仅有少量参与，然而，从该岩体群的东部到西部，这种古老地壳物质参与比例逐渐增高。根据花岗岩对深部地壳物质组成的指示，佛坪穹窿的深部地壳主要由垫托于佛坪群之下的晚元古代基性岩浆物质组成。从该穹窿的东部到西部，地壳深部含有古老地壳物质的比例逐渐增高，由此反映佛坪穹窿的深部地壳物质呈现出东西分带，具南北向构造，这不同于佛坪穹窿地表浅部物质的环形分布特征。  相似文献   

五龙金矿脉岩对金矿体的制约机制   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨春福  纪兆家 《地质与勘探》1997,33(6):7-11

从五龙金矿矿体与各类脉岩的同源性入手，结合矿区成矿构造的发生、发展及演变规律，系统阐述了脉岩与金矿体的相互制约关系及成生机理，总结了各类脉岩对金矿体的控制规律。  相似文献   

论金矿床成矿年代的研究——以丹东地区成岩成矿Rb—Sr、U—Pb同位素年代为例   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：10       下载免费PDF全文

魏俊浩  刘丛强  李志德  赵永鑫 《地质学报》2003,77(1):113-119

丹东地区是中国重要的金矿集中区,到目前为止还没有较准确的成岩成矿年代数据报道.本文采用Rb-8r等时线法和单颗粒锆石U-Pb法分别测出了丹东三股流花岗岩成岩年龄为131±5 Ma和129±3 Ma,因此三股流花岗岩综合同位素年龄定为130 Ma.五龙金矿主成矿阶段石英流体包裹体Rb-Sr等时线年龄为120±3 Ma.这一组年龄数据理顺了该地区构造-岩浆-成矿的时序关系,对中国东部金矿成矿对比研究提供了有效的年龄数据.8r、Nd同位素的示踪结果表明三股流花岗岩的成岩物质与下地壳物质有关.三股流花岗岩和矿体(含金石英脉)相似的Sr同位素初始比值,说明成矿和成岩物质可能来自深部同一岩浆源区.  相似文献   

Breeding habitat selection by houbara bustard<Emphasis Type="Italic">(Chlamydotis [undulata] macqueenii</Emphasis>) in Mori,Xinjiang, China     

Weikang Yang  Jianfang Qiao  Olivier Combreau  Jun Yao  Xingyi Gao  Wenqin Zhong 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2002,45(1):1-12

The protoliths of mafic-ultramafic plutons in the northern Dabie Mts. (NDM) (Hubei) include pyroxenite and gabbro. The zircon U-Pb dating for a gabbro suggests that emplacement of mafic magma took place in the post-collisional setting at the age of 122.9±0.6 Ma. It is difficult to obtain a reliable Sm-Nd isochron age, due to disequilibrium of the Sm-Nd isotopic system. Two hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of 116.1±1.1 Ma and 106.6±0.8 Ma may record cooling of metamorphism in the mafic-ultramafic plutons in Hubei below 500°C. The hornblende⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei are evidently 15–25 Ma younger than those for the same rocks in Anhui, indicating that there is a diversity of the cooling rates for the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei and Anhui. The difference in their cooling rates may be controlled by the north-dipping normal faults in the NDM. The intense metamorphism occurring in the mafic-ultramafic rocks in Hubei may result from the Yanshanian magmatic reheating and thermal fluid action induced by the Cretaceous migmatization. The geochemical similarity of these mafic-ultramafic rocks wherever in Hubei and Anhui may be attributed to the same tectonic setting via an identical genetic mechanism.  相似文献   

辽宁丹东五龙矿区石英脉型金矿床的黄铁矿标型特征研究   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

周学武  李胜荣  鲁力  李俊建  王吉中 《现代地质》2005,19(2):231-238

详细研究了辽宁丹东五龙矿区石英脉型金矿床中黄铁矿的产状、形态、成分、硫同位素及热电效应等特征,提取了五龙金矿黄铁矿中重要的成因和找矿信息。首次利用黄铁矿微量元素的三角形图解对矿区深部远景及其外围靶区内矿脉的矿化远景进行了预测,不仅为五龙金矿的成因研究提供了可信的矿物学依据,而且对五龙矿区深部及其外围靶区内矿脉的矿化远景进行了有效的评价,认为五龙金矿系中-浅成岩浆热液成因的金矿床,矿区深部及其外围的220号脉、38号脉、2号脉的金矿化远景较佳。  相似文献   

重庆石柱M4.5及武隆M5.0地震前视应力异常对比     

陈丽娟  龚丽文  董娣  董蕾 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(3):249-253

对重庆石柱和武隆地区的中小地震进行波谱分析得到地震能量、拐角频率、地震矩、视应力等震源谱参数,对比分析石柱M4.5及武隆M5.0地震前震源谱参数的差异。分析结果表明：1）同震级条件下,石柱地区的地震拐角频率及视应力均低于武隆地区,可能与石柱地区距离三峡库区较近有关。2）石柱地区的视应力在石柱M4.5地震前出现震前2 a上升、临震略微下降的变化过程,拐角频率在震前也有所升高。3）武隆地区的视应力在石柱M4.5和武隆M5.0地震前均出现“上升-下降-升高”的异常变化,拐角频率在2次地震前也呈现升高特征。4）研究区内所有地震的视应力在石柱M4.5和武隆M5.0地震前均出现上升变化,震后该区构造应力依然较高。  相似文献   

2017年武隆5.0级地震序列剪切波分裂研究     

高见  杨宜海  李翠平  傅卓 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(11):1163-1168

利用流动台及原有固定台记录的数字波形资料,采用SAM分析方法对武隆5.0级地震序列进行剪切波分裂特征研究,得到震区5个台站共94对剪切波分裂参数。研究结果表明,武隆震区快剪切波偏振方向总体呈NW向,受区域主压应力场的控制作用较为明显,而第一优势偏振方向由NW向转为NNW向可能是受该区域多条NE向断裂及复杂构造的综合影响;震中东、西两侧台站的快波偏振优势方向呈现一定的空间分布变化;快波偏振方向在震后早期较为离散,后期呈现逐步收敛的趋势,显示震后应力场逐步趋于稳定;在较强余震发生前,时间延迟具有上升趋势,其中部分较强余震前的短时间内还观测到时间延迟减小的现象,这可能反映震前应力场增强和临震应力释放;慢波时间延迟与震源深度的关系不明显。  相似文献   

Geotectonic framework of Permo–Triassic magmatism within the Korean Peninsula     

Sung Won Kim  Sanghoon Kwon  Hee Jae Koh  Keewook Yi  Youn-Joong Jeong  M. Santosh 《Gondwana Research》2011,20(4):865-889

This study presents sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) U–Pb zircon ages, and whole-rock chemical and isotopic (Sr-Nd) compositions of representative Triassic plutons from South Korea. The plutons from the Gyeonggi massif (Hongseong, Namyang, Yangpyeong and Odesan), the central Okcheon belt (Baeknok and Yongsan), and the Yeongnam massif (Sangju, Gimcheon, Hamyang and Macheon) yield zircon U–Pb ages of ca. 232–226 Ma, 227–226 Ma, and 240–228 Ma, respectively. Among the Triassic plutonic suite in South Korea, those within the Gyeonggi massif are dominated by granite, syenite, monzonite, monzodiorite and gabbro. Plutons within the Okcheon belt are mainly by granite to quartz monzodiorite. The Yeongnam massif mainly incorporates granite to granodiorite and minor monzodiorite intrusions. The geochemical signatures of the Triassic plutons are characterized by Ta–Nb troughs, depletion of P and Ti, and enrichment of LILE. Most plutons except Macheon monzodioritic pluton show high initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.708248–0.714678) and strongly negative ε_Nd(T) (− 20.3 to − 7.7) values, suggesting contribution from middle to upper crust. In contrast, the Macheon monzodioritic pluton in the Yeongnam massif shows relatively low initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios (0.706547-0.706629) and negative ε_Nd(T) (− 4.43 to − 3.62) values. The Middle Triassic syenite–monzonite–granite–gabbro series in and around the Gyeonggi massif possess high-K calc-alkaline and shoshonitic affinity suggesting a post-collisional magmatic event following the Permo–Triassic collision between the North and South China blocks. The Triassic plutons in the Yeongnam massif and the Okcheon belt, together with a Permian Yeongdeok pluton in the Gyeongsang basin, show features typical of high- to medium-K calc-alkaline magmatism with LREE and LILE enrichments. This together with a depletion of Y and HREE suggests their formation in a subduction setting. Our results provide robust evidence to consider the Gyeonggi massif as an extension of the Qinling–Dabie–Sulu belt between the North and South China blocks in central China. The Okcheon belt and Yeongnam massif in South Korea, together with the continental margin of South China, are marked by a common Permian to Triassic magmatic episode, probably related to the paleo-Pacific slab subduction.  相似文献   

辽宁五龙金矿石英的标型特征及其与金矿化的关系     

赵玉山  金成洙 《国土资源》1993,(1)

石英是辽宁五龙金矿含金石英脉矿体中最重要的脉石矿物,而且也是主要的载金矿物。石英的分布及世代、形态、物理性质和成分特征反映了金矿床形成的地质环境,不同特征的石英含金性也不相同,其中第二世代的灰色石英含金量高。石英与金矿化关系密切,是重要的找矿标型矿物。  相似文献