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101.
M. Pistorino F. Nestola T. Boffa Ballaran M. C. Domeneghetti 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(8-9):593-600
The unit-cell parameters of two columbite samples along the (Fe,Mn)Nb2O6 solid solution were measured by means of high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction up to pressures of 7 GPa. The compressional behaviour of these minerals was studied as a function of composition and degree of order. The P–V data of all the samples were fitted with a third-order Birch–Murnaghan equation of state. For the two samples with different compositions but identical degree of order the substitution of Mn for Fe causes a decrease of the bulk modulus K
T0, from 153(1) to 146(1) GPa, without any effect on the pressure first derivative K′. For the two samples with the same composition, cation ordering causes an increase of the bulk modulus from 149(1) to 153(1) GPa and of the pressure first derivative from 4.1(2) to 4.8(3). The compressional behaviour is anisotropic with a linear axial compressibility scheme β
b
> β
c
≥ β
a
for all samples, regardless of composition and degree of order. Such anisotropy increases sligthly with increasing Mn content. 相似文献
102.
This paper contributes an empirical test of key themes of the literature on natural resource conflict. Survey and interview data from an ongoing project in Azerbaijan provide insights into an unexpected lack of conflict in Azerbaijan related to the environment, resources and energy despite the predictions of resource conflict literature. We contend that questions about public perceptions about the environment and other daily concerns are critical if we are to understand who is likely (or unlikely) to be involved in conflict and why. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that Azerbaijani citizens rank environmental and resource issues among their immediate concerns and their top concerns for the country. However, compared to other day-to-day concerns such as the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and economic concerns, environment-related concerns do not appear to be sufficient to motivate widespread violent conflict or citizen dissent related to environmental or natural resource conditions. 相似文献
103.
Scott W. White 《Natural Resources Research》2006,15(4):271-281
This paper updates a life-cycle net energy analysis and carbon dioxide emissions analysis of three Midwestern utility-scale
wind systems. Both the Energy Payback Ratio (EPR) and CO2 analysis results provide useful data for policy discussions regarding an efficient and low-carbon energy mix. The EPR is
the amount of electrical energy produced for the lifetime of the power plant divided by the total amount of energy required
to procure and transport the materials, build, operate, and decommission the power plants. The CO2 analysis for each power plant was calculated from the life-cycle energy input data.
A previous study also analyzed coal and nuclear fission power plants. At the time of that study, two of the three wind systems
had less than a full year of generation data to project the life-cycle energy production. This study updates the analysis
of three wind systems with an additional four to eight years of operating data.
The EPR for the utility-scale wind systems ranges from a low of 11 for a two-turbine system in Wisconsin to 28 for a 143-turbine
system in southwestern Minnesota. The EPR is 11 for coal, 25 for fission with gas centrifuge enriched uranium and 7 for gaseous
diffusion enriched uranium. The normalized CO2 emissions, in tonnes of CO2 per GWeh, ranges from 14 to 33 for the wind systems, 974 for coal, and 10 and 34 for nuclear fission using gas centrifuge and gaseous
diffusion enriched uranium, respectively. 相似文献
104.
Geraldo Magela da Costa Gabriel de Oliveira Polli Márcio A. Kahwage Eddy de Grave Antônio Claret Soares Sabioni Júlio Cesar Mendes 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(3):161-166
Mössbauer spectra (MS) of blue, green and yellow beryl (ideally Be3Al2Si6O18) containing approximately 1% of iron were obtained at 295 and 500 K. Room temperature (RT) spectra of both blue and green samples showed the presence of an asymmetric Fe2+ doublet (ΔE
Q~2.7 mm/s, δ~1.1 mm/s), with a very broad low-velocity peak. There is no clear evidence for the presence of a ferric component. The MS of the yellow sample at RT consists of an intense central absorption with parameters typical for Fe3+ (ΔE
Q~0.4 mm/s, δ~0.29 mm/s), plus an apparently symmetrical Fe2+ doublet. This sample acquires a light-blue shade upon heating in air at about 620 K. Thermal treatments at high temperatures caused no significant changes in the MS, but the green and yellow beryl acquire a blue colour. All these results are interpreted in relation to the existence of channel water and the distribution of iron among the available crystallographic sites. 相似文献
105.
E. M. Chamorro Pérez I. Daniel J.-C. Chervin P. Dumas J. D. Bass T. Inoue 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2006,33(7):502-510
High-pressure synchrotron infrared (IR) absorption spectra were collected between 650 and 4,000 cm−1 at ambient temperature for hydrous Mg-ringwoodite (γ-Mg2SiO4) up to 30 GPa. The main feature in the OH− stretching region is an extremely broad band centred at 3,150 cm−1. The hydrogen bond is strong for most protons and the most probable site for protonation is the tetrahedral edge. With increasing pressure, this band shifts downward while decreasing its integrated intensity until disappearance at a pressure of 25 GPa. Only one band at 2,450 cm−1 and an absorption plateau persist with a maximum wavenumber of 3,800 cm−1. This behaviour is reversible upon pressure release. We interpret this as a second-order phase transition occurring in hydrated Mg-ringwoodite at high pressure (beyond ∼ 25 GPa). This result is compatible with the observation by Kleppe et al. (Phys Chem Miner 29:473–476, 2002a) who suggested the presence of Si–O–Si linkages and/or partial increase in the coordination of Si. Beyond the phase transition, the protons are delocalized and their environment on the ringwoodite structure is probably quite different from that at low pressure. Data obtained in situ at high pressures and temperatures are needed to better understand the effect of protonation on the structure and to better constrain this phase transition. 相似文献
106.
山西沁水盆地煤层气成藏的微观动力能条件研究 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
煤层气成藏的微观动力能条件主要包括煤储层的孔隙—裂隙系统、煤储层的生气作用和储气作用两个方面。以山西沁水盆地为例,深入剖析了煤储层的孔隙—裂隙系统及其发育历程、煤储层的生气作用与能量聚散,阐明了煤层气成藏的微观动力能对成藏效应的控制作用。结果表明:构造作用对储层渗透率具有明显的控制作用,成烃增压致使能量聚集,成为盖层突破作用的主要驱动力,而能量放散则主要是通过煤储层孔隙—裂隙系统的产生、发展。根据上述研究成果,沁水盆地煤层气成藏的地质区划结果为:盆地南部的有利区带为阳城和晋城的北部地区,包括潘庄、樊庄、郑庄等地区;盆地中部的有利区带为安泽—沁源地区,位于盆地西斜坡的中南部;盆地北部的可能有利区带为寿阳东南部地区,位于榆次东北部和阳泉西南部之间。 相似文献
107.
阐述了关于微量相X射线衍射定量分析的一种简便方法———近似线性关系法,它适用于二相体系(或基体吸收系数基本恒定的多相体系)材料中微量相的定量分析。该方法不需要在待测样品中加入参考物相,分析时仅需对一条衍射线进行测定,因而分析时间很短,其测定结果与实际含量的相对误差为-10.2%~ 21.4%,与外标法和内标法的测量结果的精度相当。 相似文献
108.
理学3080E3型X射线荧光光谱仪维修实例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
介绍理学3080E3型X射线荧光光谱仪样品驱动单元及高压发生器部分的故障现象及维修实例。 相似文献
109.
注水煤体应力能 V-f 转化与释放机理研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
文章分析了在煤层注水湿润后煤体弹性能的转化与消耗过程,给出在湿润状态下能量由体变弹性能向形变弹性能转化进而自耗释放的理论模型。指出在坚硬干燥煤体中,注水后在水压力和毛细力的切割作用下,裂隙大量扩展,丰富了自由裂隙,产生更多的裂隙启发(裂隙切口),使原来近似的刚性煤体变成由裂隙分割的块体组成的组合体或半组合体。裂隙中水的粘滞作用及水分子吸附力使块体问粘性结合、刚度降低、形变增大。煤体形变弹性能自身消耗释放的形式有3种:产生剪应力导致自由裂隙问错动摩擦;强度降低,使裂隙启发被劈裂成自由裂隙;湿润煤体蠕变性增强,产生整体性移动作功。初步给出能量消耗的量化表达式。通过这一理论,能建立煤层注水湿润度与冲击地压灾害发生的更直接的关系,使进一步量化该关系成为可能。从更深层次解释煤层注水防治冲击地压的机理。 相似文献
110.
大别山及苏鲁地区微粒金刚石分类及其大地构造意义 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
1992年发现大别山首例微粒金刚石之后,又于2003年和2004年在大别山和苏鲁地区的榴辉岩薄片中和榴辉岩的人工重砂中发现了微粒金刚石。本文报道其中尚未发表的7颗,并对2颗较大的薄片中的微粒金刚石和2颗自由晶体金刚石进行拉曼光谱和红外光谱测试。研究结果表明,本区所有微粒金刚石都为IaA和IaB型金刚石的混合体。缺少Ib型金刚石,表明没有人造金刚石的混入。薄片中的金刚石大部分为石榴子石的包裹体,少数产出于颗粒之间,直径为30-180μm。自由颗粒微粒金刚石直径为400-700μm。在大别山北部,不但又一次找到了微粒金刚石,还在石榴子石中发现有单斜辉石、磷灰石和金红石的出溶。这表明北大剐不但是超高压地质体,而且可能是本区俯冲最深的地质体。 相似文献