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21.
Peridotitic clinopyroxene (cpx) and pyrope garnet xenocrysts from four kimberlite pipes in the Kaavi–Kuopio area of Eastern Finland have been studied using major and trace element geochemistry to obtain information on the vertical compositional variability of the underlying mantle. The xenocryst data, when combined with the petrological constraints provided by peridotite xenoliths, yield a relatively complete section through the lithospheric mantle. Single-grain cpx thermobarometry fits with a 36-mW/m2 geotherm calculated using heat flow constraints and xenolith modes and geophysical properties. Ni thermometry on pyrope xenocrysts gives 700–1350 °C and, based on the cpx xenocryst/xenolith geotherm, indicates a wide sampling interval, ca. 80–230 km. Plotting pyrope major and trace element compositions as a function of temperature shows there are three distinct layers in the local lithospheric mantle:
- (1) A low-temperature (<850 °C) harzburgite layer distinguished by Ca-rich but Ti-, Y- and Zr-depleted pyropes. The xenoliths originating from this layer are all fine-grained garnet-spinel harzburgites with secondary cpx.
- (2) A variably depleted lherzolitic, harzburgitic and wehrlitic horizon from 950 to 1150 °C or 130 to 180 km.
- (3) A deep layer from 180 to 240 km composed largely of fertile material.
22.
道县虎子岩岩体及其包体的地球化学特征和构造意义 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
虎子岩碱性橄榄玄武岩具有与大陆裂谷玄武岩相似的地球化学特征。通过对岩体及其尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包体地球化学特征的研究,揭示了本区地幔在先期亏损的基础上又迭加了一次交代事件,虎子岩基性岩浆是由交代地幔约16％的低程度部分熔融的产物。用辉石温压计估算出,包体矿物的平衡结晶温度为1038—1109℃,压力为22—25×10~8 Pa,推测包体来源深度为72—85km。岩体形成可能是受郯庐断裂南延带拉张(裂谷)阶段控制。 相似文献
23.
Gabbroic xenoliths that represent cumulate environments within Mauna Kea Volcano are, in rare examples, penetrated by small-scale
(<7 cm) dikes. We examined four dike/host composite xenoliths to establish how this evidence for magma seemingly injected
into cumulate gabbro fits into the evolution of igneous processes in shield volcano magma reservoirs. Olivine, clinopyroxene,
and plagioclase compositions in both host gabbros and dikes are characteristically tholeiitic and evolved (Fo71–66, cpx-Mg # 79–77, An72–51) with respect to Hawaiian magmatism. Dikes, however, when compared with their host gabbros, have slightly greater abundances
of some incompatible elements and slightly more evolved olivine compositions (e.g., Fo68 vs Fo71). Compared with Mauna Kea lava compositions, both host gabbros and dikes have lower incompatible-element abundances, positive
Eu anomalies, and, notable for dikes, major-element compositions unlike those of lavas (e.g., SiO2<46 wt.%). The small-scale dikes, therefore, also have cumulate characteristics. We interpret them as representing late-stage
liquids (e.g., <5 wt.% MgO, based on <Fo70) "squeezed" from solidifying cumulus piles of evolved (e.g., ∼Fo70) gabbroic assemblages. The compositions of the dikes, however, do not match those of the most evolved liquids expected in
reservoirs because they appear to have lost interstitial liquids (e.g., positive Eu anomalies, low abundances of some trace
elements). Because minerals in the dikes were in equilibrium with highly evolved liquids, conditions for small-scale dike
formation in cumulate environments apparently occur only at the last stages of reservoir magma differentiation and solidification.
Received: 25 February 1997 / Accepted: 14 June 1997 相似文献
24.
25.
中国东南部下地壳物质与花岗岩成因探索 总被引：46，自引：6，他引：40
在中国东南部中－新生代玄武质岩石中陆续找到了来自下地壳的辉长岩质麻粒岩／辉长岩深源捕掳体。本文着重研究了沿海地区广东麒麟新生代玄武质角砾岩筒中的辉长岩质麻粒岩捕掳体,并与内陆湖南道县早中生代玄武质角砾岩筒中的辉长岩、花岗片麻岩捕掳体作了比较。研究表明,辉长岩质麻粒岩是底侵作用形成的基性岩浆底垫于下地壳,并经变质作用的产物。底侵作用是重要的壳－幔作用过程,也是中国东南大陆边缘陆壳演化的重要过程。Ｓｍ－Ｎｄ同位素定年显示,中国东南大陆边缘底侵作用物质在地壳底部的结晶年龄约为１１２．３±１７．８Ｍａ,属晚中生代时期。此外,底侵作用在不同大地构造域的发育程度是不一致的,底侵作用发育强弱的标志是基性火山岩是否发育、壳幔型花岗岩是否广泛产出 相似文献
26.
汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中含有丰富的地幔和地壳岩石捕虏体,其中捕虏体辉石岩和庥粒岩由于外观上具有一定的相似性,两者容易混淆,导致研究上的误区.本文以辉石岩和麻粒岩捕虏体作为研究对象,通过岩相学观察结合矿物主量元素分析、单斜辉石微量元素和Sr-Nd同位素分析,对两种捕虏体进行深入的研究和对比以探讨其成因意义.结果表明,上述各方面二者都存在明显的差别,捕虏体麻粒岩具有层状堆晶构造,两种辉石矿物(次透辉石和古铜辉石)相对贫MgO富FeO,单斜辉石的REE相对富集,以高87Sr/86 Sr低143Nd/144Nd为特征;而捕虏体辉石岩一般呈块状构造,两种辉石矿物(透辉石和古铜辉石-顽火辉石)相对富MgO贫FeO,单斜辉石REE总量极低呈亏损模式,同位素组成上介于捕虏体橄榄岩和麻粒岩之间.捕虏体麻粒岩特征表明它是幔源岩浆底侵作用形成,岩浆受到了下地壳的混染;而捕虏体辉石岩明显不同于橄榄岩和麻粒岩的成因,来自于富集地幔. 相似文献
27.
Jean-Louis Paquette Juliette Mergoil-Daniel 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2009,158(2):245-262
Zircon-bearing xenoliths in continental basalts are often interpreted as witnesses of the continental basement uplifted during
volcanic eruptions. Nevertheless, their origin is still debated. The Devès basaltic plateau belongs to the alkaline volcanic
province of the French Massif Central. In few outcrops, zircon-bearing nepheline syenite xenoliths were preserved. U–Pb dating
of the zircon crystals define an age of 956 ± 11 kyr constraining the crystallisation time of the zircons and consequently
of the host xenoliths. This age, together with mineral chemistry arguments lead us to conclude that these minerals do not
derive from a continental protolith. Rather, they likely result from the crystallisation of a liquid characterised by a nepheline–felspar
composition and produced by the differentiation of a basaltic magma or, alternatively, by the low degree partial melting of
a metasomatised lithospheric mantle. Such alkaline sialic rock and xenoliths may occur in large volumes at depth and generate
the large amounts of zircon megacrysts discovered worldwide in secondary deposits within continental basaltic provinces. 相似文献
28.
经近几年区域地质调查研究发现：法库地区原辽河群变质岩系，实际上是由变质的安山岩、英安岩、碎屑岩、碳酸盐岩及变形的花岗岩组成。岩石遭到强烈的再造作用，特别是糜棱岩化作用，并且大部分地层在花岗岩中呈捕虏体存在。经野外宏观、室内微观的综合研究以及邻区对比，认为该地区变质地层具有槽区古生界的普遍特征，尤其是在原辽河群大石桥组大理岩中采到海百合茎化石。已可确认：原辽河群这套变质岩系，除了变形的花岗岩之外，均属地槽型古生代地层。 相似文献
29.
J.M. Hamblock C.L. Andronicos K.C. Miller C.G. Barnes M-H. Ren M.G. Averill E.Y. Anthony 《Tectonophysics》2007,442(1-4):14-48
A complete understanding of the processes of crustal growth and recycling in the earth remains elusive, in part because data on rock composition at depth is scarce. Seismic velocities can provide additional information about lithospheric composition and structure, however, the relationship between velocity and rock type is not unique. The diverse xenolith suite from the Potrillo volcanic field in the southern Rio Grande rift, together with velocity models derived from reflection and refraction data in the area, offers an opportunity to place constraints on the composition of the crust and upper mantle from the surface to depths of 60 km. In this work, we calculate seismic velocities of crustal and mantle xenoliths using modal mineralogy, mineral compositions, pressure and temperature estimates, and elasticity data. The pressure, temperature, and velocity estimates from xenoliths are then combined with sonic logs and stratigraphy estimated from drill cores and surface geology to produce a geologic and velocity profile through the crust and upper mantle. Lower crustal xenoliths include garnet ± sillimanite granulite, two-pyroxene granulite, charnokite, and anorthosite. Metagabbro and amphibolite account for only a small fraction of the lower crustal xenoliths, suggesting that a basaltic underplate at the crust–mantle boundary is not present beneath the southern Rio Grande rift. Abundant mid-crustal felsic to mafic igneous xenoliths, however, suggest that plutonic rocks are common in the middle crust and were intraplated rather than underplated during the Cenozoic. Calculated velocities for garnet granulite are between 6.9 and 8.0 km/s, depending on garnet content. Granulites are strongly foliated and lineated and should be seismically anisotropic. These results suggest that velocities > 7.0 km/s and a layered structure, which are often attributed to underplated mafic rocks, can also be characteristic of alternating garnet-rich and garnet-poor metasedimentary rocks. Because the lower crust appears to be composed largely of metasedimentary granulite, which requires deep burial of upper crustal materials, we suggest the initial construction of the continental crust beneath the Potrillo volcanic field occurred by thickening of supracrustal material in the absence of large scale magmatic accretion. Mantle xenoliths include spinel lherzolite and harzburgite, dunite, and clinopyroxenite. Calculated P-wave velocities for peridotites range from 7.75 km/s to 7.89 km/s, with an average of 7.82 km/s. This velocity is in good agreement with refraction and reflection studies that report Pn velocities of 7.6–7.8 km/s throughout most of the Rio Grande rift. These calculations suggest that the low Pn velocities compared to average uppermost mantle are the result of relatively high temperatures and low pressures due to thin crust, as well as a fertile, Fe-rich, bulk upper mantle composition. Partial melt or metasomatic hydration of the mantle lithosphere are not needed to produce the observed Pn velocities. 相似文献
30.
幔源玄武岩及地幔捕虏体中所含的地幔流体挥发分对于认识岩浆源区特征及岩石圈地幔演化具有重要意义。本文对东北地区双辽新生代玄武岩及其携带的地幔捕虏体中流体挥发分进行研究,探究地幔流体特征与来源。双辽玄武岩橄榄石斑晶和地幔捕虏体内发育早期、晚期两类流体包裹体,早期流体包裹体中的挥发分代表矿物形成时捕获的岩浆原始流体挥发分,主要在高温段(600~1200℃)释出,晚期流体包裹体中的挥发分代表矿物形成后捕获的交代或蚀变流体挥发分,主要在低温段(200~600℃)释出。地幔捕虏体原始流体挥发分主要为H_2O、CO和H_2,其次为CO_2,并含有少量CH_4等烃类。地幔捕虏体交代流体挥发分与双辽玄武岩橄榄石斑晶原始流体挥发分相似,主要为CO_2和H_2O,其次为CO和H_2,含有少量烃类。地幔捕虏体原始流体挥发分、交代流体挥发分及玄武岩橄榄石斑晶原始流体挥发分中,CO_2和烃类碳同位素均具有有机成因特征,表明岩石圈地幔及玄武岩岩浆源区内均存在有机质热解产物的混入,玄武岩岩浆源区及岩石圈地幔交代流体中的有机成因挥发分主要来自于俯冲太平洋板片之上的沉积有机质。双辽玄武岩斜长石斑晶和基质流体挥发分含量较高,主要为H_2O和CO_2,相对于橄榄石原始流体挥发分具有较轻的CO_2碳同位素组成,这种现象表明岩浆上升过程中发生了明显的脱气作用。 相似文献