临汾台洞体形变典型干扰与地震异常图像识别     

李艳 《山西地震》2019,(2):12-14,28

文章分析了临汾台水平摆、垂直摆两套洞体形变观测仪记录曲线的正常变化形态,讨论了人为和自然因素引起干扰的图像特征,以及山西带南部3次中等地震前典型异常图像特征,分析结果为今后观测数据处理、异常识别及异常跟踪分析判定提供参考。  相似文献   

爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus,Rhinocerotidae)化石在中国更新统的首次发现     

严亚玲  张阳  金昌柱  张颖奇  王元 《地质论评》2020,66(1):198-206

犀类是我国华南地区更新世地层中最为常见的化石哺乳动物类群之一。本文对广西崇左三合大洞中发现的犀牛化石材料进行了形态特征描述,并与我国华南地区第四纪相关属种以及东南亚地区所发现的化石和现生种进行了比较,从牙齿形态特征和大小等方面来看,认为三合大洞中的标本应该归入爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus)。此次所发现的爪哇犀(Rhinoceros sondaicus)化石根据相关文献记录,应该是爪哇犀化石在我国更新世地层中的首次报道,并且是我国有关爪哇犀的最早记录。形态学研究表明,该地区早更新世早期的扶绥岩亮洞、鲤鱼山百孔洞以及泊岳山巨猿洞发现的扶绥犀(Rhinoceros fusuiensis)可能是爪哇犀的直接祖先。三合大洞中爪哇犀的发现进一步丰富了我国华南地区独角犀的种类,填补了该种类在我国更新世地层中缺乏化石记录的空白。  相似文献   

Reef margin collapse, gully formation and filling within the Permian Capitan Reef: Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico, USA     

Gill M. Harwood  & Alan C. Kendall 《Sedimentology》1999,46(3):443-461

An area of reef margin collapse, gully formation and gully fill sedimentation has been identified and mapped within Left Hand Tunnel, Carlsbad Caverns. It demonstrates that the Capitan Reef did not, at all times, form an unbroken border to the Delaware Basin. Geopetally arranged sediments within cavities from sponge–algal framestones of the reef show that the in situ reef today has a 10° basinwards structural dip. Similar dips in adjacent back-reef sediments, previously considered depositional, probably also have a structural origin. Reoriented geopetal structures have also allowed the identification of a 200-m-wide, 25-m-deep gully within the reef, which has been filled by large (some  >15 m), randomly orientated and, in places, overturned blocks and boulders, surrounded by finer reef rubble, breccias and grainstones. Block supply continued throughout gully filling, implying that spalling of reef blocks was a longer term process and was not a by-product of the formation of the gully. Gully initiation was probably the result of a reef front collapse, with a continued instability of the gully bordering reef facies demonstrated by their incipient brecciation and by faults containing synsedimentary fills. Gully filling probably occurred during reef growth, and younger reef has prograded over the gully fill. Blocks contain truncated former aragonite botryoidal cements, indicating early aragonite growth within the in situ reef. In contrast, former high-magnesian calcite rind cements post-date sedimentation within the gully. The morphology of cavern passages is controlled by reef facies variation, with narrower passages cut into the in situ reef and wider passages within the gully fill. Gully fills may also constitute more permeable zones in the subsurface.  相似文献   

京西鸡毛洞的发现及其意义     

吕金波  孙永华  李铁英 《地质通报》1999,18(2)

新发现的鸡毛洞属岩溶洞穴,位于北京市房山区佛子庄乡北窖村。据洞中现存的文物资料记载,早在唐朝（公元６７０～７３３年）已经是当地居民经常活动和栖息的场所。该洞穴不仅在岩溶地质学和考古学方面有重要的研究价值,而且具有建成一个新的旅游景点的良好前景  相似文献   

Lateglacial to Holocene trace element record (Ba,Mg, Sr) from Corchia Cave (Apuan Alps,central Italy): paleoenvironmental implications          下载免费PDF全文

E. REGATTIERI  G. ZANCHETTA  R. N. DRYSDALE  I. ISOLA  J. C. HELLSTROM  L. DALLAI 《第四纪科学杂志》2014,29(4):381-392

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石花洞8层溶洞展示北京西山新构造运动的隆升     

吕金波 《城市地质》2012,(4):41-45

北京大石河南岸从上游至下游依次分布鸡毛洞、银狐洞、石花洞、清风洞和孔水洞,由一条地下暗河将其连为一体,称为石花洞系。石花洞系为多层溶洞,可分为上下8层,即洞外山顶穿洞（唐县期）和洞穴上下7层。多层溶洞的每一层形成于岩溶水的水平流动带,新近纪以来,随着北京西山间歇性隆升,形成上下不同海拔高度的8层溶洞,可以和北京西山永定河的8级阶地对比,也可以和G．B．Barbour划分的8次华北地文期对比。石花洞的8层溶洞显示北京西山的8次抬升。  相似文献   

湖北清江和尚洞石笋古环境研究的回顾和展望   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

胡超涌  谢树成 《地质科技情报》2012,(5):57-64

从1997年开始对湖北清江和尚洞开展了系统的现代过程监测和地质记录的综合研究,以了解气候和生物信息的传输、转化和记录过程,并由此重建长江中游末次冰期以来的气候和生态环境。通过对和尚洞的大气、植被、土壤、围岩、滴水和沉积碳酸盐开展年代学、水文学、地球化学、地球物理学、地球生物学等多学科的调查,已经积累了许多现代过程的基础资料,为进一步进行石笋记录的研究奠定了很好的基础。同时,研究发现该洞穴石笋具有年代准确、环境和生态信息丰富、分辨率高、记录时间长等众多优点,是重建过去气候和生态变化历史的优质载体。下一步研究应该充分利用这些特点,力争在季风的年际和年代际变化以及不同气候态下环境与生物的相互作用两个方向取得进展。  相似文献   

A multiple cave deposit assessment of suitability of speleothem isotopes for reconstructing palaeo‐vegetation and palaeo‐temperature     

Zheng‐Hua Li  Steven G. Driese  Hai Cheng 《Sedimentology》2014,61(3):749-766

The suitability of speleothems for interpreting palaeoclimate is typically determined by using either the Hendy Test, overlapping analysis or long‐term cave environment monitoring. However, in many cases, these methods are not applicable, because a speleothem lacks clearly traceable layers for the Hendy Test, it is difficult to obtain an overlapping speleothem nearby, or long‐term cave monitoring is impractical. The authors propose a multiple cave deposit approach to assess the suitability of speleothems for palaeoclimate study. Speleothems collected from two sites within Raccoon Mountain Cave, Tennessee (USA) exhibit remarkable spatial variation (δ¹³C: ?10·3‰ to ?2·2‰) over a relatively short distance (ca 260 m). Drip water δ¹⁸O values exhibit a seasonal precipitation signal at Site 1 and an annual signal at Site 2. Combining field observations, water isotope analysis and trace‐element data, the authors propose that the speleothem formation at Site 1 and Site 2 tapped distinct sources of CO₂: (i) CO₂ derived from overlying soils for Site 1; and (ii) limestone dissolved inorganic carbon induced by ground water dissolution for Site 2. Using fresh cave deposits (modern speleothem) δ¹³C (100% C3 vegetation) as an analogue, a simple model was developed to estimate land surface vegetation for speleothems. The speleothem formation temperature estimated using fresh cave deposit δ¹⁸O values generally reflects the mean annual temperature in this region. This study indicates that spatial variations in carbon isotopes could be caused by different carbon sources dominating in different parts of the cave, which should be taken into consideration by researchers when using speleothem δ¹³C values to reconstruct temporal palaeo‐vegetation changes. This study demonstrates a practical sampling strategy for verifying suitability of speleothems for palaeo‐vegetation and palaeo‐temperature reconstructions by analysing multiple cave deposits, especially for cases in which the Hendy Test, parallel sampling and long‐term monitoring of cave environment are not feasible.  相似文献   

中全新世东亚季风年至10年际气候变率:湖北青天洞5.56～4.84ka B.P.石笋年层厚度与地球化学证据     

张振球  刘殿兵  汪永进  王权 《第四纪研究》2014,34(6)

中全新世年至10年际东亚季风气候变率及其动力学机制有助于深入了解当今全球气候变暖的自然变率贡献.本文基于湖北青天洞一支石笋的铀系年龄、年纹层计数、氧同位素和微量元素测量结果,建立了中全新世5.57～4.84ka B.P.时段平均分辨率为3～4年的东亚季风气候和洞穴地点环境演变序列.石笋年纹层由冬季亮色薄层和夏季暗色厚层组成,对应冬、夏季节层的δ18O和δ13C正负漂移与现今冬夏降水和岩溶环境同位素值变化基本吻合.然而,元素比值(Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca)揭示了冬夏季风降水与岩溶作用的复杂响应过程.在10年际尺度上,石笋氧同位素记录了3次间隔200年左右的弱季风事件,分别发生于5.56～5.50ka B.P.,5.26～5.20ka B.P.和5.01～4.94ka B.P.,每个事件大约持续60年,反映了太阳活动周期控制季风强度变化的频率.Mg/Ca和Sr/Ca比值与季风强弱变化不存在明显的对应关系,但其功率谱具有200年和40年左右周期,说明东亚季风气候和岩溶环境过程之间既有共同的控制因素又有不同的演化机理.  相似文献   

重庆雪玉洞地下河水文地球化学特征及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王凤康  王晓晓  任坤 《地下水》2014,(4):58-62

以重庆市丰都县雪玉洞为研究对象,对地下河的水化学指标进行长期监测,并选取水鸣洞做平行研究,二者都属于雪玉洞群。通过对2011年11月-2013年2月的水化学结果进行分析得知：雪玉洞地下河的水化学类型为HCO3-Ca型,属于低矿化度岩溶水,水鸣洞水化学类型与雪玉洞相同;其主要水化学指标均表现出明显的季节变化趋势,pH值雨季低,旱季高,与降水变化趋势相反。地下河水 Ca2＋、Mg2＋、HCO3-浓度和电导率在雨季升高而旱季降低,旱季水鸣洞的HCO3-、Ca2＋、Mg2＋和Ec值高于雪玉洞;[ Mg2＋]/[ Ca2＋]表现出旱季较高而雨季较低的季节变化特征,可以反映外界干湿变化,其值受控于洞穴水运移过程中的的水土-水岩作用过程,旱季水鸣洞的值高于雪玉洞;SIc值旱季高雨季低,pCO2的变化趋势与pH相似、和SIc相反,旱季低雨季高,全年的SIc值大部分都在0之上,有利于碳酸盐的沉积,水鸣洞的SIc除2013年1月低于雪玉洞以外,其他月份略高于雪玉洞,相对应的 pCO2低于雪玉洞各监测点。  相似文献