黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区土壤剖面水分动态的数值模拟研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

樊军  王全九  邵明安 《水科学进展》2007,18(5):683-688

利用SWAP(Soil-Water-Atmosphere-Plant)模型对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区坡地土壤-植被-大气系统中的水循环进行数值模拟。结果显示,SWAP模型很好的模拟了不同土地利用方式条件下的土壤水循环过程。根据模拟结果,水蚀风蚀交错区的丰水年份,农地和种植第一年的紫花苜蓿地季末土壤水分稍有盈余,谷子和紫花苜蓿的日蒸散量分别为1.2~2.6mm和1.2~2.5mm。  相似文献   

对黄土基本动力特性的认识   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吕立强  邵生俊  龙吉勇 《地下水》2007,29(6):109-111

黄土高原是多地震地区,黄土体的地震灾害是工程建设中迫切需要解决的工程问题.依据人们对我国黄土动力特性的研究成果,阐述了黄土的动强度特性、黄土的循环动应力应变特性、震陷变形特性及黄土场地震害小区划研究,从而为正确地认识黄土工程的地震灾害提供基础.  相似文献   

Scale effect on sediment yield from sloping surfaces to basins in hilly loess region on the Loess Plateau in China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Haiyan Fang  Hao Chen  Qiangguo Cai  Qiuyan Li 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(4):753-760

Based on data from two runoff plots and ten stations in hilly loess region Dalihe drainage basin ranging in area from 0.0006 to 3983 km² on the Loess Plateau, the relationship between mean annual specific sediment yield (Y _s) and drainage area (A) is studied, which is different from those for many other drainage areas of the world, neither at the scale of whole basin nor at local scale on the Loess Plateau. With increasing drainage area, the mean annual specific sediment yield experiences two peak values: the first peak value appears at 0.00408 km² in area corresponding to the whole slope surface, and the second peak value appears at 96.1 km² in area. The non-linear variation in the Y _s–A can be explained as follows: the first peak value can be explained by the abrupt increase in slope gradient and flow shear stress resulting in highly increased sediment concentration and specific sediment yield. And the second peak value can be explained by the combined influence of flow shear stress and drainage density, represented by dimensionless variable Ω.  相似文献   

对湿陷性黄土场地地震作用工程影响的几点看法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

汪国烈 《地震工程学报》2007,29(1):96-98

针对《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)中涉及黄土的规定,提出了看法和改进意见,就地震作用对工程的不利影响(如震陷、液化、基桩负摩擦力等),进行了分析并提出相应的工程建议;特别强调地震作用对工程影响必须考虑湿陷性黄土的含水状态。  相似文献   

High-precision gravity correction methods for loess plateau areas, a case study     

冀连胜  郑莉 《应用地球物理》2007,4(2):89-93

黄土塬区地形起伏大,地表黄土切割剧烈。地形起伏导致黄土厚度巨大变化,由于黄土密度与下伏地层之间存在较大的密度差异,由此产生了具有一定幅值的高频重力异常,并给重力勘探资料的处理、解释带来了困难。在SHJZ构造带高精度重力勘探中,综合运用了地形校正和黄土校正技术,有效地克服了由于地形起伏和黄土厚度变化对重力勘探产生的不利影响,取得了精确的重力资料。并将该重力异常,结合其它物探资料进行综合解释,对圈定局部构造发挥了积极的作用。  相似文献   

Examining the potential of high sampling resolution OSL dating of Chinese loess   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Thomas Stevens  Simon J. Armitage  Huayu Lu  David S.G. Thomas 《Quaternary Geochronology》2007,2(1-4):15-22

Detailed analysis of the depositional characteristics of Chinese loess is required to determine the nature of the paleoclimate record preserved in these extensive sediments. High sampling resolution optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has the potential to facilitate such an analysis. However, high-resolution dating is extremely time consuming and therefore of limited practical applicability. This study assesses the luminescence characteristics of loess from three sections on the Chinese Loess Plateau in an attempt to identify methods of increasing sample throughput without compromising data quality. Using the single-aliquot regenerative-dose technique, samples yield internally consistent results. However, dose recovery data indicate that care is required in selecting preheating regimes for different sections. The standardized growth curve approach was tested and found to be applicable within, but not between, sites. Nonetheless, the use of standardized growth curves offers increases in sample throughput that will allow more routine high-resolution dating of Chinese loess. High-resolution dose rates calculated using inductively coupled plasma (ICP) methods show relative homogeneity of radioisotope concentrations and are comparable to lower resolution field gamma-spectrometry measurements. Consequently, high-resolution OSL dating has great potential to elucidate the depositional characteristics of Chinese loess and facilitate more precise use of the paleoclimatic information it preserves.  相似文献   

Changes in sand fractions of Binggou section and the expansion and contraction of the Tengger desert during 50–30 ka     

Xu Shu‐Jian  Pan Bao‐Tian  Gao Hong‐Shan  Cao Guang‐Jie  Su Huai 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(3):475-480

Signs of the evolutionary process are well preserved in the aeolian deposits of desert margins and enable reconstruction of desert expansion and contraction. The sand content (percentage >63 µm) of loess in the loess–desert transitional zone was used as a proxy indicator for determining the proximity of the desert margin. According to the dominant wind direction, generally NW–SE in the northwest Chinese Loess Plateau, a transect was projected to observe spatial changes in sedimentological characteristics of aeolian deposits during the Last Glacial Period. The transect consists of 12 loess sections, starting at Shapotou in the transitional region between the Loess Plateau and the Tengger Desert and ending at Tianshui, which is located at the north foot of the Western Qinling Mountains in the southernmost part of the Loess Plateau. It shows the properties of temporal and spatial distribution of the Malan loess, with reduced sand content from northwest to southeast. A linear correlation model of sand content and distance was obtained, which was similar to the east of the Chinese Loess Plateau. According to this model, and on the basis of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from Binggou section, a detailed and quantificational expansion and contraction for the Tengger Desert was established. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Effects of microbiotic crusts under cropland in temperate environments on soil erodibility during concentrated flow   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

A. Knapen  J. Poesen  P. Galindo‐Morales  S. De Baets  A. Pals 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2007,32(12):1884-1901

Several studies illustrate the wind and water erosion‐reducing potential of semi‐permanent microbiotic soil crusts in arid and semi‐arid desert environments. In contrast, little is hitherto known on these biological crusts on cropland soils in temperate environments where they are annually destroyed by tillage and quickly regenerate thereafter. This study attempts to fill the research gap through (a) a field survey assessing the occurrence of biological soil crusts on loess‐derived soils in central Belgium in space and time and (b) laboratory flume (2 m long) experiments simulating concentrated runoff on undisturbed topsoil samples (0.4 × 0.1 m²) quantifying the microbiotic crust effect on soil erosion rates. Three stages of microbiotic crust development on cropland soils are distinguished: (1) development of a non‐biological surface seal by raindrop impact, (2) colonization of the soil by algae and gradual development of a continuous algal mat and (3) establishment of a well‐developed microbiotic crust with moss plants as the dominant life‐form. As the silt loam soils in the study area seal quickly after tillage, microbiotic soil crusts are more or less present during a large part of the year under maize, sugar beet and wheat, representing the main cropland area. On average, the early‐successional algae‐dominated crusts of stage 2 reduce soil detachment rates by 37%, whereas the well‐developed moss mat of stage 3 causes an average reduction of 79%. Relative soil detachment rates of soil surfaces with microbiotic crusts compared with bare sealed soil surfaces are shown to decrease exponentially with increasing microbiotic cover (b = 0·024 for moss‐dominated and b = 0·006 for algae‐dominated crusts). In addition to ground surface cover by vegetation and crop residues, microbiotic crust occurrence can therefore not be neglected when modelling small‐scale spatial and temporal variations in soil loss by concentrated flow erosion on cropland soils in temperate environments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

三门峡地区黄土与古季风   总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8  

赵志中  吴锡浩 《地质力学学报》2000,6(4):19-26,66

位于黄土高原东南缘的三门峡黄土地层,以陕县张汴乡村剖面为其典型代表。厚度１５３ｍ的曹村剖面由上部厚１４５ｍ的黄土地层和下伏红粘土沉积组成,黄土地层为Ｌ１－Ｌ３３的连续风尘沉积。磁性地层研究显示：Ｂ／Ｍ界线位于Ｌ７下部,Ｊ事件位于Ｓ１１／Ｓ１２,Ｏ事件位于Ｌ２３－Ｌ２６,Ｍ／Ｇ界线位于黄土与红粘土界线之上２０ｃｍ处。古季风代用指标的磁化率、碳酸盐及〉３０μｍ的粒度组分均显示了约２．６Ｍａ以来季风变迁  相似文献   

A new OSL chronology for dust accumulation in the last 130,000 yr for the Chinese Loess Plateau   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

Y.C. Lu  X.L. Wang 《Quaternary Research》2007,67(1):152-160

A sensitivity-corrected Multiple Aliquot Regenerative-dose protocol has been developed for fine-grained quartz OSL dating of Chinese loess. Its reliability has been assessed on the basis of the methodology and by dating reference samples of known age close to the transition from the last interglacial paleosol (S₁) to the last glacial loess (L₁), which corresponds to the Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5/4 transition. On the basis of the fine-grained quartz OSL-age estimates for 33 loess samples from the upper part of the Luochuan profile, a detailed chronostratigraphy of continuous dust accumulation in the past 130 ka has been proposed. Changes in the accumulation rate occurred during the last glacial period (MIS 4 to MIS 2); unexpectedly, high accumulation rates were found in the weakly developed L_1-2(S) paleosol of the last interstadial (MIS 3), rather than in the classic L_1-1 and L_1-3 loess of the cold-dry glacial condition (MIS 2 and 4). The OSL ages show some disagreement with the previous numerical chronology for the loess-paleosol sequence based on correlation of variations in grain size with sedimentation rate; the latter method resulted in an almost constant accumulation rate from 72 to 12 ka.  相似文献