五大连池地区火山岩年代学研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李齐  陈文寄  李大明  计凤桔  任锦章  杨森林 《地质论评》1999,45(7):393-399

本文对五大连池地区火山的喷发时代、活动时序进行了较为详细的研究。通过对样品中细晶橄榄石含过剩氩这一问题,对已有的年龄数据的可用性进行了分析对比,得到了五大连池地区火山岩中橄榄石含量对年龄数据的影响程度,即当样品中细晶橄榄石含量在5％左右时,对200 ka左右的年龄结果,其影响程度在5％以下。根据已有的同位素测年结果,将五大连池火山群的喷发时间分为1.3 Ma、0.9~0.8 Ma、0.6~0.45 Ma、0.38~0.24 Ma、0.16 Ma、0.09 Ma和270 a 7个时段;根据喷发时段,可以得出五大连池火山群活动自中更新世以来其喷发间隔大约为70~80 ka。  相似文献   

江苏徐州白露山岩管地质特征及与金刚石成因关系探讨     

周琦忠  张琪  冯学知  王博  邱磊  王国强  黄友波 《地质学报》2020,94(9):2748-2762

近年来,在开展苏北原生金刚石找矿时,从白露山岩管中选获了2颗大颗粒金刚石,粒径均大于1mm,分别属ⅠaB型和ⅠaA型,这是苏北地区首次发现的大颗粒原生金刚石。本文在对白露山岩管的岩石学、岩石地球化学、锆石U- Pb同位素年龄以及金刚石特征等描述基础上,对岩管成因进行了分析,并探讨了该岩管与金刚石的关系。结果表明：白露山岩管的形态反映了裂隙- 中心式喷发的隐爆火山岩岩管的特征,其主体岩性为橄榄玄武岩,角砾成分包括橄榄玄武岩、灰岩、凝灰质、闪斜煌岩和片麻岩等。橄榄玄武岩总体具有高镁、低铝、低钛的特点,整体富集大离子亲石元素和LREE,高场强元素和HREE略亏损,与洋岛玄武岩（OIB）较为接近,但存在与岛弧玄武岩（IAB）相似的强烈Nb负异常特征。其形成于中新生代太平洋板块俯冲、华北克拉通岩石圈减薄背景下,起源于深约75~100 km的受俯冲流体交代的岩石圈地幔,在石榴子石稳定域由角闪石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩经2%~5%的部分熔融而来。 在岩浆演化过程中遭受了一定程度的地壳混染和分离结晶作用,然后在板内快速拉张的环境下,橄榄玄武岩浆沿构造薄弱地带侵入至地壳浅部隐爆形成,且在上升过程中捕获了大量的围岩角砾。金刚石不是白露山橄榄玄武岩的结晶产物,而可能是来自捕获的被徐宿弧形构造推覆掩盖的古生代含金刚石母岩。  相似文献   

Olivine-hosted melt inclusions in Pliocene–Quaternary lavas from the Qorveh–Bijar volcanic belt,western Iran: implications for source lithology and cooling history     

Nafiseh Salehi  Tanya Furman 《International Geology Review》2020,62(13-14):1828-1844

ABSTRACT

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) are small droplets of magma that become trapped in minerals during crystal growth. SMIs in olivine crystals can provide critical information on the range of melt compositions and processes that occur during melt generation, evolution, transport, and eruption. The Pliocene–Quaternary volcanic rocks in the Qorveh–Bijar volcanic belt of western Iran show porphyritic and microlithic textures, with olivine and clinopyroxene being the dominant minerals. Magnesian olivines in these volcanic rocks contain primary SMIs. The composition and characteristic of olivine-hosted SMI of these rocks are investigated to constrain the source lithology for mafic volcanism. Bulk compositions of the SMIs overlap those of their host rocks and extend to higher CaO/Al₂O₃ values. The estimated entrapment pressures and temperatures of the studied SMIs are 9.1–10.3 kbar and 1220–1355°C. The calculated mafic parental melt contains 42.36 wt.% SiO₂, low total alkalis (3.22 wt.%), and high MgO (16.1 wt.%). Exploratory calculations using pMELTS show that this parental composition underwent variable degrees of fractional crystallization, as reflected by the variable compositions of the SMIs. Several lines of evidence including pyroxene xenocrysts and high FeO/MnO, FC3MS (FeO/CaO – 3*MgO/SiO2), and Zn/Fe ratios (14–21), suggest that a metasomatized pyroxenitic source contributed to the genesis of the parental melt. Amphibole in the SMIs indicates a high volatile content in the parental melt, which we conclude was generated from a metasomatized lithospheric mantle source. The pyroxenite source also contained garnet. Our geochemical results lead us to propose a new petrogenetic model. Specifically, we infer that a dense and unstable portion of the lithosphere underwent localized laminar detachment and downward flow, i.e. lithospheric drip. This drip underwent volatile-enhanced partial melting during descent through the underlying hot asthenosphere and generated the studied volcanic rocks.  相似文献   

大同新生代火山岩浆的快速喷发——来自橄榄石地幔捕掳晶的证据     

潘荣昊  朱磊  王思佳  王觊晨  吴佳怡  侯通 《岩石矿物学杂志》2022,41(3):519-536

量化研究幔源岩浆从源区运移至喷发或者侵位的时间尺度，对理解基性岩浆作用具有重要意义。然而，对于岩浆的喷发和就位的时间尺度研究仍缺乏有效的约束，位于我国华北克拉通北部山西大同新生代火山岩群是理想的研究地区。本文以该火山群～0.2 Ma喷发的神泉寺碱性玄武岩为研究对象，重点研究其中携带的地幔橄榄石捕掳晶来约束喷发前的时间尺度。通过对其开展详细的矿物化学研究，发现地幔捕掳晶核部的Fo值高达97.7,为极富镁橄榄石，结合其极低的Ca、Mn和Ni含量特征，认为它们捕获自被交代的地幔橄榄岩。另外，地幔橄榄石捕掳晶发育明显的CaO成分环带，表明其在地壳岩浆系统内经历了复杂的岩浆演化过程。地幔橄榄石捕掳晶反应边宽度变化很大，说明它们在源区被捕获时及在运移过程中经过了多次破碎过程。橄榄石捕掳晶最边缘的Fo值为70左右，平衡计算表明它们在边部已与主岩浆(碱性玄武岩)达到平衡。Fe-Mg元素扩散计时结果显示，橄榄石地幔捕掳晶仅在岩浆中滞留了几个月的时间。对于40～70 km的岩石圈地幔厚度来说，岩浆平均上升速率最快可能超过500 m/d。  相似文献